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This paper analyzes the incommensurable and incommensurable nature of subalternity, which materializes a position without an identity whose intelligibility is complex, especially when we try to access the configurations of its ontopolitical schema. Subalternity constructs a binary opposition to the nation-state. It is necessary to fight for the production of new criteria of legibility of the educational and cultural subject. This problem is reduced to an obstruction in its ontopolitical and existential rules of intelligibility of a wide constellation of specific heterogeneous groups amalgamated through political, structural, relational, contingent and historical issues that determine their units of cultural legibility. The method employed is that of critical documentary review, organizing a critical corpus of review works derived from intercultural studies, subalternity and postcoloniality. Each of them are key to promote other types of epistemological performances in this regard. Among the main findings and conclusions, we note that subalternity documents a deeper methodological problem: we do not know exactly what the cultural and political agency of such groups consists of. The only thing we should not forget is that we, educators, are at the service of subaltern groups, our task is to learn from their environment, to become a disciple of their cultural space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the inception of the Western culture, white color has been identified with light, being akin to each other. Therefore, white was identified with knowledge, God, primeval flare, and the first act of creation that equated whiteness to order and measure as opposed to the darkness of chaos. This paper provides a reflection on the persistence of the concept 'white' as a Western construct on the grounds of a perceptive prejudice that considers the disegno as essential before the chromatism, which is rooted in the Classicism and has remained almost intact up today. The perpetuation of this western aesthetic concept is examined to then conclude that, despite all the attempts to do a tabula rasa by the Modernity and the contemporary art, nothing has changed and it remains in force nowadays. Under an analytical approach, this work uses documentary references, mostly written, together with some other filmic and artistic ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the inclusion of Mexico in the OECD, this research paper attempts to answer the question of technological innovation for increasing the competitiveness of the four largest firms in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico economically and socially based on their size and characteristics. The research was part of a study conducted in the southeast of Mexico and it was sponsored by the FORDECyT. The current model of the OECD (2009-2010) with standards on the appropriation of knowledge, adapted to the direct interview method was used for the analysis.Although the results showed a noticeable backwardness in the four companies analyzed regarding the appropriation of knowledge, they also show ethnic and cultural differences in the Maya peoples living in this region when it comes to social businesses. They adopt complete technological packages and / or globalizing market models. When facing the impossibility of adopting or appropriating socially the knowledge, they are dependent on their workforce or their ancestral patterns of production and exploitation of the main resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines some of the relationships between the ethnographic experience and knowledge that has been deployed on the ethnicity of the Great Chaco region in the first decade of the XXIst century in the argentinian anthropology. Considering that it is through "the lived experience" in the field that knowledge is produced, there are two conditions as interpretive focus: the condition of displacement, otherness and space condition. It is argued that each of these conditions suggest to the recent ethnography of Gran Chaco, as field of experiences and practices that are temporarily, politically and historically located in relation to configurations, anthropological trajectories and subjectivities, whose heterogeneity is intertwined with the particularity of each lived experience in "the ethnographic field". The Cartesian dual dimension of the field work is questionned and the article shows how the epistemological dispute, by the Chaco ethnic alterity, is ascribed to specific forms of knowledge of the national anthropological academy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper unfolds theoretical approaches representative in the debate on the concept of popular culture. They are analysed in their relationship to mass culture and consumption. This is a theoretical-conceptual review split in four sections: the hypothesis of "cultural circularity" according to gramsci, ginzburg, bakhtin and thompson; the concept of working class from Bordieu's theory of reproduction and stuart hall's theory of a cultural dialectics; the relationship mass culture and cultural industry, according to eco, hoggard and sarlo, and the problem of production and consumption with de certeau. Finally, the distinction between high art and mass culture (huyssen), the concept of hybridation and the relationship between popular culture and new cultural technologies (garcía) is presented. The main contribution is the elucidation of relationships between popular culture, urban culture and mass culture, as well as the acknowledgement of several epistemological problems linked to generalizations in the use of these concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]