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Objective. To explore the effects of hypertension and dyslipidemia on cognitive function in the elderly. Methods. A dynamic population cohort was established by using prospective cohort study methods. In 2019, a complete cohort was selected from residents aged 65 and above who voluntarily participated in a free physical examination program in a community in Shanghai, serving as the baseline cohort. In 2022, 512 community-dwelling elderly aged 67 to 93 were randomly selected from the same community as the follow-up cohort for the study. The collected date included residents' health records, various physical examination measurements, and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scale scores. Results. Of the 512 cases that were followed up, the valid sample size was reduced to 495 after data cleaning. According to the baseline and follow-up cognitive assessments and changes, the cases were categorized into three cognitive groups: the improvement group, the normal group, and the decline group. The prevalence of hypertension in the decline group was 43.14% higher than that in the improvement group and 24.39% higher than that in the normal group (66.67% in the decline group vs 23.53% in the improvement group, P=0.011; 66.67% in the decline group vs 42.28% in the normal group, P=0.040). Total cholesterol (TC) in the improvement group was lower than that in the normal group [improvement group (4.38±1.04) mmol/L vs normal group (5.11±1.12) mmol/L, P=0.009]. Additionally, TC in the decline group in 2022 was higher than that in 2019 [paired difference (0.46±0.87) mmol/L, 95% CI 0.08-0.84, P=0.021]. LDL-Ch in the improvement group was lower than that in the normal group [improved group (2.51±0.92) mmol/L vs normal group (3.07±1.00) mmol/L, P=0.024], and their HDL-Ch in 2022 was higher than that in 2019 [paired difference (0.16±0.20) mmol/L, 95% CI 0.06-0.26, P=0.005]. The results of multinomial Logistic regression showed: TC in the improved group was lower than that in the normal group [β=4.12, OR=61.64, 95% CI 1.52-2494.07, P=0.029] and the decline group [β=5.88, OR=357.35, 95% CI 4.54-28149.75, P=0.008]; the TAG [β=1.85, OR=6.34, 95% CI 1.05-38.43, P=0.045], LDL-Ch [β=5.61, OR=274.06, 95% CI 3.65-20567.57, P=0.011], and hypertension [β=1.90, OR=6.69, 95% CI 1.53-29.16, P=0.011] in the decline group were higher than those in the improvement group; the age of the decline group was greater than that of the normal group [β=0.08, OR=1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.16, P=0.041], and the education level was lower than that of the normal group [β=1.22, OR=3.39, 95% CI 1.28-8.94, P=0.014]. Conclusion. Low TC and LDL-Ch and high HDL-Ch are beneficial to cognitive improvement. Conversely, hypertension, high TC, high TAG, high LDLCh, low education level, and advanced ages are risk factors for cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sanjiao, a term of traditional Chinese medicine, which consists of the upper, middle, and lower jiao, is a membrane system that encompasses the zangfu organs. We propose the idea that sanjiao is a four-way membranous channels, internally connecting with the micro-membrane of the zangfu organs, extending to the skin, muscles, tendons, bones, and joints, by which water and fluid is transferred from the upper jiao to the middle jiao, then to the lower jiao, countering the transfer of blood and essence to promote the qi movement and generate health-promoting nutrition. Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by disorders of both joints and the lung, and it is a condition in which healthy qi deficiency occurs, with phlegm and blood or intertwined that blocks the joints and lung micro-membrane. In the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis, external evils, such as wind, cold, and damp, build up in the joints of the tendons and bones, and prolonged early-stage symptoms would cause phlegm production and blood stasis which may obstruct the joints. Phlegm turbidity and blood stasis remain in the sanjiao membranous channels and stagnate the pulmonary micro-membrane, which may cause the pulmonary interstitial disease. The sanjiao four-way membranous channels is the pathway for joint phlegm and blood stasis flowing to the lungs, and sanjiao obstruction can aggravate phlegm and blood stagnation. The treatment is based on the principle of dredging, transforming, and regulating sanjiao, selecting herbs for regulating qi, promoting blood circulation and expelling wind, and using drugs that tonify the lung, warm the kidney, turn to qi, and regulate the state of zangfu organ. This unblocks the sanjiao membranous channels and dissipates the phlegm and blood stasis turbidity evil of the obstructed lung micro-membrane, and it can effectively treat pulmonary interstitial fibrosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]