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Objective To detect the level of related indexes of energy metabolism in liver tissue of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) mice, and to explore the intervention effect of Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi Decoction.Methods Forty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, the Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi Decoction high-dose group (4.94 g/kg), the Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi Decoction low-dose group (2.47 g/kg), and the resveratrol group (0.40 g/kg), with 8 mice in each group.Except the normal control group, the mice in other groups were fed with Lieber-DeCarli control liquid diet for five days, followed by Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid diet for ten days, and on the 16th day, the mice were given 31.5%alcohol solution through gavage to establish the ALD model.From the second day after modeling, the rats in the intervention groups were given the corresponding drugs by gavage once a day for nine consecutive days.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and oil red O staining were used to observe the liver steatosis in liver tissue.The activities of Na+K+-ATPase and Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase, and the contents of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and hepatic glycogen in liver tissue were detected using spectrophotometry.The contents of ATP, ADP, AMP, the AMP/ATP value, total adenosine pool (TAN) content, and energy charge (EC) in liver tissue were detected by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography method.The mRNA expressions of NAD dependent deacetylase Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) a2 in liver tissue were detected by real-time PCR.The protein expressions of SIRT1, AMPKa2, and AMPKTNF-β1 in liver tissue were detected by Western blotting.Results Compared with the normal control group, the model group mice showed significant hepatic steatosis, significantly decreased Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase activity and SDH content in liver tissue, significantly increased hepatic glycogen content, significantly decreased EC and AMP/ATP value, significantly increased ATP, ADP, AMP, and TAN content, significantly decreased mRNA expressions of SIRT1 and AMPKa2, significantly increased protein expression of AMPKTNF-β1 (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi Decoction high-and low-dose groups significantly reduced liver tissue steatosis, and the activity of Na+K+-ATPase in liver tissue was significantly reduced, the EC and the mRNA expressions of SIRT1 and AMPKa2 were increased (P < 0.05); the activity of Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase, SDH and ATP contents were increased in the Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi Decoction low-dose group (P < 0.05); the AMP/ATP value was increased in the Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi Decoction high-dose group (P < 0.05); and the protein expression of SIRT1 was increased in the the Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi Decoction high-and low-dose groups and the resveratrol group (P < 0.05); the protein expression of AMPKa2 in the Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi Decoction low-dose group and the resveratrol group was increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi Decoction high-dose group, the Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi Decoction low-dose group and the resveratrol group showed a significant increase in ATP, TAN contents, and EC in liver tissue, while the AMP/ATP value decreased (P < 0.05); mRNA expressionin of AMPKa2 in the Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi Decoction low-dose group was decreased (P < 0.05); and the protein expressions of SIRT1 and AMPKa2 in the resveratrol group were increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi Decoction low-dose group, the protein expression of AMPKTNF-β1 was decreased in the resveratrol group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The changes of energy metabolism caused by chronic alcohol intake may be related to the occurrence of ALD, and the intervention of Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi Decoction can improve the abnormal energy metabolism in the liver of ALD mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the mechanism of short-chain fatty acids in alleviating γδT cell-mediated inflammatory response. Methods A certain concentration of short-chain fatty acids was used to intervene in rat intestinal-derived γδT cells. CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of shortchain fatty acids on γδT activity. ELISA was used to detect the content of the IL-17A, RT-qPCR was utilized to detect the expression of the IL-17A, and flow cytometry was applied to analyze the IL-17+ γδT cell frequency. The effect of SCFAs on IL-17A and NF-κB signaling pathway in γδT cells were observed by Western blot. Results CCK-8 assay showed that the concentration of sodium acetate was less than or equal to 0.5 mmol/L, and the concentrations of sodium propionate, sodium butyrate, and mixed short-chain fatty acids were less than or equal to 0.25 mmol/L, indicating no inhibitory effect on the proliferation of γδT cells. ELISA and RT-qPCR showed that the treatment of γδT cells with sodium propionate, sodium butyrate, and mixed short-chain fatty acids significantly decreased the levels of IL-17A compared with the control group. Flow cytometry revealed a significant decrease in the proportion of IL-17+ γδT cells under the treatment of sodium propionate, sodium butyrate, mixed shortchain fatty acids, and TSA intervention. Western blot found that sodium propionate, sodium butyrate, and mixed shortchain fatty acids could inhibit the expression of IL-17A and IKK, as well as the phosphorylation level of NF-κB. Conclusion Shortchain fatty acids could inhibit the activation of IL-17A and NF-κB signaling pathway in γδT cells, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response in the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]