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Objective To evaluate the clinic efficacy of plaster fixation with in a position of ebow flexion and pronation in children's extension-type supracondylar humeral fractures. Methods The patient children with McIntyre type I and II supracondylar humeral fractures from June 2011 to June 2013 were collected and divided into the plaster fixation in a position of elbowflexion and pronation group and the plaster fixation in elbow flexion neutral position group,each of 30 cases. The treatment group was fixed the elbows in a position of flexion and pronation while the control group in flexed and neutral position. Carrying angle(C-angle) and Baumann angle(B-angle) were measured after post-reduction,during the follow-up and removing the plaster fixation. The rates of varus malunion were compared and Flynn elbow function scores were performed at the time of the latest follow-up. Results Among the follow-up 60 cases,the rates of varus malunion in the treatment group was 6.67% (2/30)while 13.339(4/30) in the control group. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). During the fol low-up, B-angle was (79.0±3.0)° and C-angle was(8.0±2.3)° in the treatment group while B-angle was(80.0±2.7)° and C-angle was (9.0±5.2)oin the control group. When the plaster fixation was removed, B-angle was(80.0±2.5)°and C-angle was (6.0±3.5)° in the treatment group,B-angle was(82.0±3.5)°and C-angle was(7.0±3.7)° in the control group. There was no significant difference within the treatment group in different period of time (P>0.05), but significant difference within the control group in different period of time (P<0.05). Compared the degree of C-angle and B-angle of the two groups,tt had significant difference during the follow-up and plaster fixation removal (P>0.05). Conclusion The treatment of plaster fixation with in a position of ebow flexion and pronation in children's extension-type supracondylar humeral fractures may reduce the rate of varus malunion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]