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In the Eastern Adriatic seaboard, the ideas of the ecclesiastical reform movement reverberated considerably in the Osor Diocese, which is not surprising if one bears in mind that the local bishop, St. Gaudentius, established close personal relations with the Italian reformist abbey in Pomposa, and through it with the abbey in Cluny. At the beginning of the 11th century, Romuald, the founder of the Camaldolese order, a separate branch of the Benedictine community, resided in Istria. Prior to his arrival in the territory of the Osor (Ossero) Diocese, he had been in Pomposa, where he befriended the abbot of Cluny at the time, Odilo. The close friendly contacts between Romuald and Odilo were reflected in the field of architecture, which is visible in the translation of certain architectural elements in the Osor Diocese which had their origin in Pomposa. The spread of new artistic ideas to other parts of the eastern Adriatic seaboard occurred thanks to the structure of ecclesiastical administration and the extent of its jurisdiction. Already in the first half of the 11th century, the Osor Diocese began to nurture new architectural models which had been developed in Italy’s Pomposa in that period. In the mid-11th century, the former Osor bishop, Lawrence, became the archbishop of Split. At virtually the same time as Lawrence’s assumption of the archdiocesan see in Split, John, also from Osor, became the bishop of Trogir. The reformist artistic models from the architecture of the Osor Diocese were thus conveyed to the Dalmatian sphere. This paper constitutes an attempt to first and foremost examine the type of changes that occurred in the architecture of the city of Split in the latter half of the 11th century, when the Split Archdiocese was administered by Lawrence. Since relations between Lawrence and the Croatian kings of that time, particularly Zvonimir, as well as the pope, were quite important, particular attention shall be accorded to an analysis of Lawrence’s role in Split’s sacral architecture at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to research the justification for existence of the term „ship's operator“ as a central person in current Maritime Code. Scientific methods have been used in this study. Rich historical development of the term „ship's operator“ was confirmed in Croatia using historical method while using comparative method it was found that ship's operator (as a central person in maritime enterprise) is still used in Italy'(armatore) and Slovenia (ladjar). In the case when shipowner takes ship's operator place for liabilities incurred in connection with ship's navigation and utilization, ship's operator institute won't shut down because it will remain inter alia ship's possessor and exponent of maritime venture according to Croatian maritime law. Finally, term ship's operator represents our maritime tradition which was figured out and then affirmed by prominent Croatian lawyers with academician Brajkovic in charge and it can not be declared as a relict of the past. Scientific contribution of the paper has been reflected in this assertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the entry into force of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on 1st of july 2002, a new branch of criminal law finally grew - international criminal law. It is a system of legal rules contained, first of all, in the international acts (of universal and regional character) which define international crimes (genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of aggression), which violate the norms of the international law of war and humanitarian law. For these crimes, criminal sanctions are prescribed - sanctions that the international judicial bodies (ad hoc tribunals or military courts) are imposing on their perpetrators - as individuals. This paper analyzes the international crimes stated in the Statute of the International Criminal Court and the Rome Statute, in order to be able to fully consider the characteristics of these criminal acts which are otherwise provided in the provisions of the criminal legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted in 2003. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new model of examination of witnesses at hearings in criminal proceedings is reflected in its main, cross-examination and additional examination. The goal of this model is to strengthen the role and position of the parties, especially defendants, as opposed to the court, which now becomes a neutral and impartial trier of criminal dispute. Their role is reinforced by the original right to propose and present evidence in criminal proceedings. The authors particularly point out to the great importance of the cross-examination of witnesses in adversarial proceedings, as one of the main "weapon" by which parties exercise their procedural rights and interests. This contributes to the more efficient realization of the right to a fair trial, which is closely related to the defendant's right to an effective defense. After a detailed review of rules and ways of the main, cross-examination and additional examination of witnesses at the hearing, the paper gives a brief comparative law view of the system in the Anglo-American, Italian and Bosnian law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a research on the Romanesque church of St Mary in Mljet whose results point to issues concerning interpretations of the church architecture and architectural sculpture, and stages in the construction of the belfries and vestibule. Special attention has been given to interpretation of architectural influences possibly causing links between the Mljet church and Romanesque monuments of the same period in the South Italian region of Apulia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the implementation of the rules of international law of the sea relating to the outer limits of the internal waters in the practice of Mediterranean coastal states. In addition to national legislation by which normal or straight baselines are defined in front of their coastlines, special consideration is given to issues relating to the enclosure of historic bays, especially those of significant width, claimed by Italy (Gulf of Taranto) and Libya (Gulf of Sidra). Although the conventions on the law of the sea have explicitly recognized the existence of historical bays, they have failed to regulate the conditions for the establishment of legal title on historical basis, thus leaving them in the domain of customary international law. The largest deviations occur in the drawing of straight baselines, from which the breadth of territorial waters is measured. Rules contained in Article 7 of the 1982 Convention (i.e. Article 4 of the Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone) were observed only by several of the nineteen Mediterranean states applying the method. As especially questionable, emphasis should be given on straight baselines drawn by Albania, Italy, Egypt and Spain, whose coastlines in the greatest part cannot be considered deeply indented and cut into, or fringed by islands. As an example of straight baselines that fulfill all conditions laid down by international law in the sense of their application, we need to stress the straight baselines from which the breadth of the territorial waters of the Republic of Croatia is measured. However, since they have been drawn restrictively, some remote Croatian islands remained outside their reach, so that the areas between them and the mainland remain outside the legal regime of internal waters. Therefore the Croatian state territory at sea nowadays does not encompass all areas allowed by international law. The question of a partial correction of straight baselines for measuring the breadth of the Croatian territorial sea has also been considered from the technical point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]