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Folk medicine is a traditional medical practice in the general population, especially in rural areas. Traditional medicine methods used herbal remedies as well as human and animal substances and minerals. The most commonly used drugs in the treatment of eye diseases were drugs of plant origin like chamomile, eyebright and greater celandine, then drugs of human and animal origin like breast milk, saliva, honey, animal bile, and copper sulfate from mineral origin. There is little information in the literature discussing the folk treatment of ocular diseases. The aim of this paper is to show how ocular diseases were treated in folk medicine in Dalmatia during the 19th century. Efforts were also made to explain the reasons for such empirical treatment that was passed from generation to generation. At the end of the 19th, and especially at the beginning of the 20th century, modern and scientific ophthalmology developed in Dalmatia, but also throughout Croatia, first in large cities. So gradually, folk medicine in the treatment of eye diseases became more and more forgotten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed texts of newspaper reports of suicides in Dalmatia that occurred in the period between the two world wars. Words used in headlines were analyzed separately. Suicides were statistically analyzed according to age, gender, method, location, and monthly distribution. Most of the cases were reported during May and June. During 1936 and 1937, there was a rapid increase of suicides in media coverage. There is no evidence that the number of suicides really increased during these years. Statistics show the existence of gender preferences for certain suicide methods. The morning was the most common time of day for suicide in Dalmatia. Newspapers were inappropriate according to today’s WHO instructions. Texts were full of details, the romanticization of suicide and violation of deceased person’s privacy. Results of the research showed that news reports did not cause mass suicide imitations. However, there are cases of individual imitations. In some micro-locations (smaller settlements and their surroundings), there is evidence that some cases were influenced by earlier suicides. However, the time period between original and imitated cases varies from few weeks to ten years. This shows that time is not variable in imitations performed in micro-locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using relevant literature and archive material, in this paper, we presented the work of prominent Križevci residents who served as professors, doctors, builders, painters, priests, scientists and other professionals in Slavonia and Dalmatia. We pointed out distinguished individuals who were Križevci citizens by birth, origin, service and activities performed in Križevci or those who died there while contributing to the social, economic, political or cultural development of the place where they ended up and stayed. We clarified who were the Križevci residents included in the research, classifying them among the less or more well-known inhabitants of the town situated at the foot of Kalnik. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of wood in shipbuilding industry dates back to prehistoric times. Historical sources prove that in the distant past Dalmatia and the Dalmatian islands were densely forested, which is confi rmed by various written documents. The records show that the beginnings of woodworking in the territory of the Republic of Croatia fi rst occurred on the Adriatic coast where wood used in shipbuilding was processed and prepared with particular regard. The paper points out the importance of wood in the construction and maintenance of wooden ships on the example of one of the oldest, if not the oldest trabaccolo still sailing on the Adriatic Sea. It is trabaccolo St John built in 1878 in the Piran shipyard of the Apollonio family. The trabaccolo is made of several types of wood: oak, larch, pine and mulberry. The structural members of the lower part of the ship are made of sawn and carved boards. The traditional caulking method was used to seal off its surfaces and thus make them watertight and protected by the old method of applying pitch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is forest cover change during the second half of the 19th century in the Ravni Kotari Region. The starting point for the research was data on forests and wooded pastures from 1849, based on Ravni Kotari cadastral municipalities of the first systematic Franciscan Survey and data on forest cover from the 1900 cadastre revision. GIS ArcMap software was used to visualise the forest cover and perform spatial pattern analysis using Moran's I and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics. The results indicated a small proportion of forests in Ravni Kotari cadastral municipalities and Ravni Kotari as a whole in 1849, but an increase in forest cover throughout the second half of the 19th century. Forest cover increase was a consequence of several legislative and institutional protection measures for forests, which came into effect in Dalmatia in the second half of the 19th century. Statistically significant positive and negative spatial autocorrelations of forest cover were present in some adjacent municipalities, indicating the mainly random influence of certain factors on forest changes in the Ravni Kotari Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the finds of Hispanian coins of the pre-imperial period from the territory of the eastern Adriatic coast and its deeper hinterland. These numismatic materials were discovered individually and as parts of so-called Mazin-type hoards. A total of 28 specimens are known, of which most have thus far not been published. Most were minted in Castulo. Three are Obulco coins. They are followed by finds from three Hispanian cities. These are: Emporiae, Kelse and Sekobirikes. These regional numismatic materials originally from the western Mediterranean were found at 15 different sites as an isolated phenomenon, generally in Iapodia and Liburnia. Only a single example came from central Dalmatia. It was found during archaeological excavations in the territory of Resnik, near Split. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the author researches the possible application of statistical-mathematical indicators such as the regional factor, index of specialization and centre of mass - indicators that are not usually applied in research in the field of tourism geography. These indicators are applied in analysis of the basic data of tourism development: number of tourist arrivals, number of international tourist arrivals by country of origin, and number of tourist beds. This methodological approach is applied in analysis of the geographic characteristics of the most important Central Dalmatian islands: Brač, Hvar, Šolta and Vis. The comparison of this tourist development data has been made for 1988 and 2008, the final points of the period during which Croatian tourism, including the Central Dalmatian islands, had experienced significant changes. This paper also presents the dynamics of tourism development during the same period, along with the processes of polarization in tourism development of the four islands. An analysis of the processes of concentration, centralization, decentralization and polycentric tourism development is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents some of the hitherto rather little-known examples of liturgical polyphony, the so-called »simple poliphony« - from the Croatian regions. The research presented here follows on from the first systematic examination of these sources by Rudolf Flotzinger: »Mittelalterliche Mehrstimmigkeit in Dalmatien und Slowenien«, Revista de musicología, vol. XVI, Nr. 3, Madrid, 1993, pp. 29-49. Occurrences of the »simple polyphony« in the Croatian liturgical practice are to be found in the liturgical manuscripts from the period between the late 13th and the 19th centuries. Among about one hundred - mostly two-part - liturgical chants, a predominant number are those for the mass ordinary. The author focuses on her own insights into some of the earliest examples of simple polyphony from Dalmatia: a two-part troped Sanctus from the Cartulary of the Benedictine monastery of St Mary in Zadar (late 13th century) and a group of two-part Benedicamus domino chants, now kept in the Dominican monastery in Stari Grad on the island of Hvar, and compares them with the chants from similar Italian sources. Other examples discussed here are: a two-part chant Tota pulchra es from the manuscript by the friar Frane Divnić from Zadar (17th century) and a Requiem from the codex now kept in the Benedictine monstery at Cres (18th century). In addition, the paper contains a brief discussion of the sociological context of these sources. A preliminary conclusion may be reached that the monastic communities in Croatia, in particulary those of the Franciscans, Dominicans and Benedictines, were the main bodies responsible for the long survival of this medieval phenomenon in the Croatian regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents some of the hitherto rather little-known examples of liturgical polyphony, the so-called ßsimple poliphonyÇ Ñ from the Croatian regions. The research presented here follows on from the first systematic examination of these sources by Rudolf Flotzinger: ßMittelalterliche Mehrstimmigkeit in Dalmatien und SlowenienÇ, Revista de musicolog.a, vol. XVI, Nr. 3, Madrid, 1993, pp. 29-49. Occurrences of the ßsimple polyphonyÇ in the Croatian liturgical practice are to be found in the liturgical manuscripts from the period between the late 13th and the 19th centuries.Among about one hundred Ñ mostly two-part Ñ liturgical chants, a predominant number are those for the mass ordinary. The author focuses on her own insights into some of the earliest examples of simple polyphony from Dalmatia: a two-part troped Sanctus from the Cartulary of the Benedictine monastery of St Mary in Zadar (late 13th century) and a group of two-part Benedicamus domino chants, now kept in the Dominican monastery in Stari Grad on the island of Hvar, and compares them with the chants from similar Italian sources. Other examples discussed here are: a two-part chant Tota pulchra es from the manuscript by the friar Frane Divniæ from Zadar (17th century) and a Requiem from the codex now kept in the Benedictine monstery at Cres (18th century). In addition, the paper contains a brief discussion of the sociological context of these sources. A preliminaryconclusion may be reached that the monastic communities in Croatia, in particulary those of the Franciscans, Dominicans and Benedictines, were the main bodies responsible for the long survival of this medieval phenomenon in the Croatian regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manuscripts containing collections of folk recipes for treatment of deseases were written mostly by Catholic priests especially Franciscians in Croatia in the past centuries. They were used as manuals for preparation of remedies and gave directions for their use. These writtings provide valuble data for etnographers and historians of ethnomedicine. The paper describes the manuscript "Many different remedies for headache treatment" written by unknown author probably in 18. century in Sinj, Dalmatia. The manuscript was found in the archives of Sinj Friary. The collection contains 16 recipes for headache treatment. Materia medica of the manuscript is composed of drugs of plant origin. Valuable information is given about the folk names for medicinal plants as well as descriptions of the ways of preparing remedies. Latin as well as contemporaly croatian names are attributed to the plants species mentioned in the manuscript. Use of the plants for treatment of the specific deseases were compared with their use in modem fitotherapy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors of the paper compare evidence procedure and evidence in the Ilok Statute with those in the Statute of Vinodol. While comparing these two particularly important historical sources the authors consider the fact that development of Croatian legal system and with this of criminal law took two separate courses, one in Dalmatia and the other in Croatia and Slavonia. The comparison of these two historical sources was not an easy task to fulfil taking not only the above mentioned fact into consideration but also considerable time span; the Statute of Vinodol dates back to 1288 whereas the Ilok Statute dates from 1525; and from different social-legal impacts. Nevertheless, the authors have found some correlations and concluded that both sources, at least with regard to evidence procedure and particular evidence, are completely in accordance with European tendencies of the time when they emerged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ðurovića cave is located at the Airport Dubrovnik in Čilipi. Due to the interest of the Airport management for its touristic use, the cave was the object of various researches with purpose of determing its characteristics, suitability for a show cave and making of management plan. During geomorphological research their speleomorphological characteristics were determined. Besides that, the paper deals with the basic geomorphological characteristic of the surrounding karst plateau surface intensivly changed by human activities which also have influence on the cave. Hydrological characteristics are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of a database resulting from extensive historical research on literature published in Dalmatia in the first half of the 19th century, this paper offers an overview of the literary production in the representative languages of that period in all three Dalmatian publication and printing centres -- Zadar, Split and Dubrovnik. Special attention has been paid to the writers' attitude towards the languages in which they wrote, often reflecting their linguistic and cultural duality. In addition, the author carefully examines the attitude towards the vernacular the importance of which grew in the period which Croatian historiographers dubbed as the 'pre-revival'. Historical circumstances in Dalmatia over the past centuries, such as the proximity of the Venetian-Habsburgh-Ottoman border, largely reflected on publishing activity. The author concludes that, alongside the Croatian language, the publishing activities in Croatia also include publications in other languages as part of its publishing/reading culture. Therefore, a monolithic national cultural tradition does not find support in the multilingual, multinational and multicultural historical surroundings of Dalmatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]