Search

Introduction. Iodine, as a trace element, is a necessary and limiting substrate for thyroid gland hormone synthesis. It is an essential element that enables the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones and Iodine Metabolism. Three iodine molecules are added to make triiodothyronine, and four for thyroxine - the two key hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency. The proper daily amount of iodine is required for optimal thyroid function. Iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, developmental brain disorders and goiter. Iodine deficiency is the single most common cause of preventable mental retardation and brain damage in the world. It also decreases child survival, causes goiters, and impairs growth and development. Iodine deficiency disorders in pregnant women cause miscarriages, stillbirths, and other complications. Children with iodine deficiency disorders can grow up stunted, apathetic, mentally retarded, and incapable of normal movements, speech or hearing. Excessive Iodine Intake. Excessive iodine intake, which can trigger autoimmune thyroid disease and dysfunction, is on the other side. Iodine use in Case of Nuclear Catastrophe. In addition to other severe consequences of radioactivity, high amount of radioactive iodine causes significant increase in incidence of thyroid gland carcinoma after some of the nuclear catastrophes (Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Chernobyl, Fukushima). The incidence of thyroid carcinoma was increased mostly in children. This paper was aimed at clarifying some of the possibilities of prevention according to the recommendations given by the World Health Organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper informs about the battery and its development, including recent projects of screening batteries (Horwitz et al., 2008; Vanderlice-Barr et al., 2008). It sums up the discussions about psychometric features of HRNB, about relation of fixed and flexible batteries, and quite flexible test selection, about rightfulness of court expert examinations in the USA. According to the author, the objections of some critics that the HRNB battery is outclassed by the development do not stand. HRNB is being developed due to numerous studies, the norms and interpretations are precised, new procedures originate in its framework. The sample consisting of more than 520 persons was examined by the Czech translation of the method, with useful application among others in schizophrenia (comparison of ill and their healthy twins, relation of neuropsychological tests to monitoring eye-movements and to density of white cortex), in epilepsy (pharmacotherapy and compensation), and in persons with chronic intoxication by toxic substances (toluene, mercury, dioxin). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]