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The gig economy and gig work have grown quickly in recent years and have drawn much attention from researchers in different fields. Because the platform mediated gig economy is a relatively new phenomenon, studies have produced a range of interesting findings; of interest here are the socio‐technical issues that this work has surfaced. This systematic literature review (SLR) provides a snapshot of a range of socio‐technical issues raised in the last 12 years of literature focused on the platform mediated gig economy. Based on a sample of 515 papers gathered from nine databases in multiple disciplines, 132 were coded that specifically studied the gig economy, gig work, and gig workers. Three main socio‐technical themes were identified: (1) the digital workplace, which includes information infrastructure and digital labor that are related to the nature of gig work and the user agency; (2) algorithmic management, which includes platform governance, performance management, information asymmetry, power asymmetry, and system manipulation, relying on a diverse set of technological tools including algorithms and big data analytics; (3) ethical design, as a relevant value set that gig workers expect from the platform, which includes trust, fairness, equality, privacy, and transparency. A social informatics perspective is used to rethink the relationship between gig workers and platforms, extract the socio‐technical issues noted in prior research, and discuss the underexplored aspects of the platform mediated gig economy. The results draw attention to understudied yet critically important socio‐technical issues in the gig economy that suggest short‐ and long‐term opportunities for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of technology has resulted in a surge in the volume of digital data available. This situation creates a problem for users who need assistance in locating specific information within this massive collection of data, resulting in a time-consuming process. Automatic Text Summarization systems have been developed as a more effective solution than traditional summarization techniques to address this problem and improve user access to relevant information. It is well known that researchers in the health sciences find it difficult to keep up with the latest literature due to their busy schedules. This study aims to produce comprehensive abstracts of Turkish-language scientific papers in the field of health sciences. Although abstracts of scientific papers are already available, more thorough summaries are still needed. To the best of our knowledge, no previous attempt has been made to automatically summarize Turkish language health science papers. For this purpose, a dataset of 105 Turkish papers was collected from DergiPark. Term Frequency, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, Latent Semantic Analysis, TextRank, and Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithms were chosen as extractive text summarization methods due to their frequent use in this field. The performance of the text summarization models was evaluated using recall, precision, and F-score metrics, and the algorithms gave satisfactory results for Turkish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is increasing focus on applying deep learning methods to electrocardiograms (ECGs), with recent studies showing that neural networks (NNs) can predict future heart failure or atrial fibrillation from the ECG alone. However, large numbers of ECGs are needed to train NNs, and many ECGs are currently only in paper format, which are not suitable for NN training. We developed a fully-automated online ECG digitisation tool to convert scanned paper ECGs into digital signals. Using automated horizontal and vertical anchor point detection, the algorithm automatically segments the ECG image into separate images for the 12 leads and a dynamical morphological algorithm is then applied to extract the signal of interest. We then validated the performance of the algorithm on 515 digital ECGs, of which 45 were printed, scanned and redigitised. The automated digitisation tool achieved 99.0% correlation between the digitised signals and the ground truth ECG (n = 515 standard 3-by-4 ECGs) after excluding ECGs with overlap of lead signals. Without exclusion, the performance of average correlation was from 90 to 97% across the leads on all 3-by-4 ECGs. There was a 97% correlation for 12-by-1 and 3-by-1 ECG formats after excluding ECGs with overlap of lead signals. Without exclusion, the average correlation of some leads in 12-by-1 ECGs was 60–70% and the average correlation of 3-by-1 ECGs achieved 80–90%. ECGs that were printed, scanned, and redigitised, our tool achieved 96% correlation with the original signals. We have developed and validated a fully-automated, user-friendly, online ECG digitisation tool. Unlike other available tools, this does not require any manual segmentation of ECG signals. Our tool can facilitate the rapid and automated digitisation of large repositories of paper ECGs to allow them to be used for deep learning projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal describes the heart's electrical activity, allowing it to detect several health conditions, including cardiac system abnormalities and dysfunctions. Nowadays, most patient medical records are still paper-based, especially those made in past decades. The importance of collecting digitized ECGs is twofold: firstly, all medical applications can be easily implemented with an engineering approach if the ECGs are treated as signals; secondly, paper ECGs can deteriorate over time, therefore a correct evaluation of the patient's clinical evolution is not always guaranteed. The goal of this paper is the realization of an automatic conversion algorithm from paper-based ECGs (images) to digital ECG signals. The algorithm involves a digitization process tested on an image set of 16 subjects, also with pathologies. The quantitative analysis of the digitization method is carried out by evaluating the repeatability and reproducibility of the algorithm. The digitization accuracy is evaluated both on the entire signal and on six ECG time parameters (R-R peak distance, QRS complex duration, QT interval, PQ interval, P-wave duration, and heart rate). Results demonstrate the algorithm efficiency has an average Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.94 and measurement errors of the ECG time parameters are always less than 1 mm. Due to the promising experimental results, the algorithm could be embedded into a graphical interface, becoming a measurement and collection tool for cardiologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most widely used measures of scientific impact is the number of citations. However, due to its heavy-tailed distribution, citations are fundamentally difficult to predict but can be improved. This study was aimed at investigating the factors and parts influencing the citation number of a scientific paper in the otology field. Therefore, this work proposes a new solution that utilizes machine learning and natural language processing to process English text and provides a paper citation as the predicted results. Different algorithms are implemented in this solution, such as linear regression, boosted decision tree, decision forest, and neural networks. The application of neural network regression revealed that papers' abstracts have more influence on the citation numbers of otological articles. This new solution has been developed in visual programming using Microsoft Azure machine learning at the back end and Programming Without Coding Technology at the front end. We recommend using machine learning models to improve the abstracts of research articles to get more citations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue contains six revised and extended versions of tool papers that appeared in the proceedings of TACAS 2021, the 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. The issue is dedicated to the realization of algorithms in tools and the studies of the application of these tools for analysing hard- and software systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting plagiarism in academic papers is crucial for maintaining academic integrity, preserving the originality of published work, and safeguarding intellectual property. While existing applications excel at text plagiarism detection, they fall short when it comes to image plagiarism. This paper introduces a novel algorithm, named "VIBRANT-WALK," designed to detect image plagiarism in academic manuscripts. The challenge of identifying plagiarized images is formidable, requiring a unique approach. Traditional Computer Vision algorithms, proficient in image similarity tasks, face limitations in determining whether an image has been previously used in an article. To address this, the proposed algorithm leverages a repository of all published article pages, focusing on absolute identicality rather than image similarity. The algorithm comprises two stages. In the first stage, a "Vibrancy Matrix" is created through image preprocessing, aiding in contour determination. The second stage involves pixel-by-pixel comparison with images from published manuscripts. To enhance efficiency, the algorithm initiates comparisons from the pixel with the highest score in the Vibrancy Matrix, followed by pixel comparisons through random walks, significantly reducing complexity. To conduct the study, a custom dataset was compiled from 69 research articles, capturing snapshots of each page and figure. Overall, we present 485 unique test cases where we can test the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm. The lack of publicly available datasets necessitated this approach. The proposed algorithm outperformed the existing models and algorithms in this field by achieving an overall accuracy of 94.8% on the collated dataset, identifying 460 instances of plagiarism out of the 485 test cases. The algorithm also demonstrated a 100% accuracy rate in avoiding false positives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the exponential growth in the number of academic researchers, it is crucial for editors of scientific journals to identify the highest-quality papers. While several measures exist to evaluate a paper's impact post-publication, the challenge of determining the potential impact of a manuscript during the review process remains an understudied issue. In this paper, we propose a reviewer-reputation ranking algorithm to identify high-quality papers based on paper citations, where a reviewer's reputation is computed from the correlation between their past ratings and the current number of citations received by the papers they have evaluated. During the review process, reviewers with high reputation scores are given more weight to determine the quality of papers. We test the algorithm on an artificial network with 200 reviewers and 600 papers, as well as on the American Physical Society (APS) data set, including in the analysis 308,243 papers and 274,154 mutual citations. We compare our approach with two existing methods, demonstrating that our algorithm significantly outperforms the others in identifying manuscripts with the highest quality. Our findings can help improve the impact of scientific journals, thereby contributing to academic and scientific progress. • We propose an algorithm to identify the papers with the highest quality from a large number of submissions. • We compare our new algorithm with other existing methods of aggregating user ratings in various online services. • We test our algorithm both with an artificial network and with the empirical data of the APS data set. • We show that our algorithm outperforms the other methods in identifying the papers with the highest quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

They give fixed parameter tractable algorithms for the problem parameterized by various structural parameters. The authors give a greedy loop-free algorithm for the exhaustive generation, a successor algorithm that runs in constant amortized time, among other algorithms, as well as results for the fixed spin generalization of this problem. IWOCA (International Workshop on Combinatorial Algorithms) is an annual conference series covering all aspects of combinatorial algorithms. [Extracted from the article]

Document forgeries that involve modification of the materials used, such as ink and paper, provide evidence of any malpractices being performed. Forensic specialists use different techniques to identify and classify these samples; however, the most preferred method is to use nondestructive techniques to avoid any potential damage to the original specimen under investigation. Hyperspectral imaging has already been explored in several application domains and used as a powerful method in forensic investigations to extract information about the materials under examination. To precisely classify the material information and utilize the hyperspectral imaging technique's potential, we probed the potential of some hybrid spectral similarity measures to classify different commonly used paper samples. A comparison of these methods is quantitatively presented in this article. Hybrid spectral similarity algorithms are tested on forensic analysis of paper data. We compared the classification capabilities of various hybrid spectral similarity algorithms on hyperspectral data of 40 different paper samples. The overall accuracy (OA), kappa K̂, Z‐score of kappa (ZK̂), and the 95% confidence interval of kappa (CI(K̂)) are used for comparison. The SID‐SAM and SID‐SCA produced an overall accuracy of 88% and 87%, respectively, which is highest among the hybrid spectral similarity measures tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional method for transformer moisture diagnosis is to establish empirical equations between feature parameters extracted from frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) and the transformer’s moisture content. However, the established empirical equation may not be applicable to a novel testing environment, resulting in an unreliable evaluation result. In this regard, it is acknowledged that FDS combined with machine learning is more suitable for estimating moisture content in a variety of test environments. Nonetheless, the accuracy of the estimation results obtained using the existing method is limited by the algorithm’s inability to generalize. To address this issue, we propose an AdaBoost algorithm-enhanced back-propagation neural network (BP_AdaBoost). This study creates a database by extracting feature parameters from the FDS that characterize the insulation states of the prepared samples. Then, using the BP_AdaBoost algorithm and the newly constructed database, the moisture estimation models are trained. Finally, the results of the estimation are discussed in terms of laboratory and field transformers. By comparing the proposed BP_AdaBoost algorithm to other intelligence algorithms, it is demonstrated that it not only performs better in generalization, but also maintains a high level of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a technique for determining the time index of growth of the slope of reverse voltage for double insulated cables, based on the body of the theory of series. It is proved that in the vicinity of the extremum point (maximum) the function of the reverse voltage is approximated by polynomials of the nth power. It is proposed to use second-degree polynomials for practical calculations. The method for calculating relevant indicators is illustrated using real data. Analysis of deviations made it possible to conclude that the calculation method proposed in the paper is far more accurate. In the final part of the study, it was concluded that there is a promising outlook for further development of methodological guidelines for determining complex indices of the remaining life of the cable, including but not limited to the use of various mathematical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the quadratic cycle cover problem (QCCP), which aims to find a node-disjoint cycle cover in a directed graph with minimum interaction cost between successive arcs. We derive several semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations and use facial reduction to make these strictly feasible. We investigate a nontrivial relationship between the transformation matrix used in the reduction and the structure of the graph, which is exploited in an efficient algorithm that constructs this matrix for any instance of the problem. To solve our relaxations, we propose an algorithm that incorporates an augmented Lagrangian method into a cutting-plane framework by utilizing Dykstra's projection algorithm. Our algorithm is suitable for solving SDP relaxations with a large number of cutting-planes. Computational results show that our SDP bounds and efficient cutting-plane algorithm outperform other QCCP bounding approaches from the literature. Finally, we provide several SDP-based upper bounding techniques, among which is a sequential Q-learning method that exploits a solution of our SDP relaxation within a reinforcement learning environment. Summary of Contribution: The quadratic cycle cover problem (QCCP) is the problem of finding a set of node-disjoint cycles covering all the nodes in a graph such that the total interaction cost between successive arcs is minimized. The QCCP has applications in many fields, among which are robotics, transportation, energy distribution networks, and automatic inspection. Besides this, the problem has a high theoretical relevance because of its close connection to the quadratic traveling salesman problem (QTSP). The QTSP has several applications, for example, in bioinformatics, and is considered to be among the most difficult combinatorial optimization problems nowadays. After removing the subtour elimination constraints, the QTSP boils down to the QCCP. Hence, an in-depth study of the QCCP also contributes to the construction of strong bounds for the QTSP. In this paper, we study the application of semidefinite programming (SDP) to obtain strong bounds for the QCCP. Our strongest SDP relaxation is very hard to solve by any SDP solver because of the large number of involved cutting-planes. Because of that, we propose a new approach in which an augmented Lagrangian method is incorporated into a cutting-plane framework by utilizing Dykstra's projection algorithm. We emphasize an efficient implementation of the method and perform an extensive computational study. This study shows that our method is able to handle a large number of cuts and that the resulting bounds are currently the best QCCP bounds in the literature. We also introduce several upper bounding techniques, among which is a distributed reinforcement learning algorithm that exploits our SDP relaxations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a novel paper currency defect detection algorithm using quaternion uniform strength. We first build paper currency image preprocessing integration framework which includes intensity balancing, paper currency location, and geometric correction. We then propose a global–local paper currency image registration algorithm by moving key areas within certain range which can eliminate the false difference effectively. Finally, the quaternion uniform strength is calculated by using quaternion convolution edge detector. The defect degree of paper currency is determined by using the quaternion uniform color difference. The proposed algorithm is tested using different datasets from five countries: CNY, USD, EUR, VND, and RUB. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm yields better results than the existing state-of-the-art paper currency defect detection techniques. The demo of the proposed paper currency defect detection algorithm will be publicly available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although it was claimed that the MKR-α method can improve the overshoot and nonlinear stability characteristics of the KR-α method, it seems that it still has a high frequency overshoot in steady-state responses and a weak instability. Three examples are applied to numerically illustrate the two adverse properties. A loading-correction term is introduced into the displacement difference equation to remove the adverse overshoot in high frequency steady-state responses. Besides, it is analytically verified that the MKR-α method has an adverse weak instability. Although the problem of high frequency overshoot in steady-state responses can be overcome, there is no way to eliminate the adverse weak instability for both the KR-α method and MKR-α method. Thus, the applications of the two families of integration methods are very limited. It is demonstrated that a high frequency numerical damping is incapable of mitigating the overshoot caused by a weak instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the log-MAP (BCJR) algorithm implementation of a close to capacity dirty paper coding CODEC. The CODEC consists of eight deep pipeline processors. It decodes blocks of 975 bits in 26.9 ms using less than 9.7% of low-cost FPGA (and no DSP blocks). Two pipelines, for alpha and beta, calculate the values of gamma (of the BCJR) to reduce the storage requirements. The final log-likelihood ratio (LLR) is calculated together with alpha, reusing intermediate results. The number of bits used by the different signals of the processor is easily configurable. It was set to six bits to the channel measure signals and eight bits to log of probability signals like alpha, beta, and others. The CODEC clock was 100 MHz. The achieved bit rate is 36.2 Kbps per CODEC, but multiple CODECs can be fit into a single chip. The CODEC is 3.49 dB from the channel capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teleprompter, invented in 1948 as a memory aid for show business, has become a ubiquitous technology in modern politics. Yet, the hidden ways in which this device shapes our understanding of performance, newscasting, and political rhetoric are rarely studied by media scholars. Recognizing this lacuna, this article traces the evolution of the teleprompter from a cumbersome, human-operated device to an invisible system of screens designed to conceal its own existence. The teleprompter has not only shaped the standardization of speech, but also restructured the televised spectacle by collapsing the sonic, the tactile, and the optical. By focusing on teleprompter fiascos and moments of breakdown from President Eisenhower to President Trump, we make a broader argument regarding the importance of failure and the accidental to the study of visual culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning (ML), a form of artificial intelligence (AI), is being increasingly employed in neurology. Reported performance metrics often match or exceed the efficiency of average clinicians. The neurologist is easily baffled by the underlying concepts and terminologies associated with ML studies. The superlative performance metrics of ML algorithms often hide the opaque nature of its inner workings. Questions regarding ML model's interpretability and reproducibility of its results in real-world scenarios, need emphasis. Given an abundance of time and information, the expert clinician should be able to deliver comparable predictions to ML models, a useful benchmark while evaluating its performance. Predictive performance metrics of ML models should not be confused with causal inference between its input and output. ML and clinical gestalt should compete in a randomized controlled trial before they can complement each other for screening, triaging, providing second opinions and modifying treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zemblys et al. (Behavior Research Methods, 51(2), 840–864, 2019) reported on a method for the classification of eye-movements ("gazeNet"). I have found three errors and two problems with that paper that are explained herein. Error 1: The gazeNet classification method was built assuming that a hand-scored dataset from Lund University was all collected at 500 Hz, but in fact, six of the 34 recording files were actually collected at 200 Hz. Of the six datasets that were used as the training set for the gazeNet algorithm, two were actually collected at 200 Hz. Problem 1 has to do with the fact that even among the 500 Hz data, the inter-timestamp intervals varied widely. Problem 2 is that there are many unusual discontinuities in the saccade trajectories from the Lund University dataset that make it a very poor choice for the construction of an automatic classification method. Error 2 The gazeNet algorithm was trained on the Lund dataset, and then compared to other methods, not trained on this dataset, in terms of performance on this dataset. This is an inherently unfair comparison, and yet nowhere in the gazeNet paper is this unfairness mentioned. Error 3 arises out of the novel event-related agreement analysis employed by the gazeNet authors. Although the authors intended to classify unmatched events as either false positives or false negatives, many are actually being classified as true negatives. True negatives are not errors, and any unmatched event misclassified as a true negative is actually driving kappa higher, whereas unmatched events should be driving kappa lower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a technique for determining the time index of growth of the slope of reverse voltage for double insulated cables, based on the body of the theory of series. It is proved that in the vicinity of the extremum point (maximum) the function of the reverse voltage is approximated by polynomials of the nth power. It is proposed to use second-degree polynomials for practical calculations. The method for calculating relevant indicators is illustrated using real data. Analysis of deviations made it possible to conclude that the calculation method proposed in the paper is far more accurate. In the final part of the study, it was concluded that there is a promising outlook for further development of methodological guidelines for determining complex indices of the remaining life of the cable, including but not limited to the use of various mathematical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of big data, radiomics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in radiology requires access to large data sets containing personal health information. Because machine learning projects often require collaboration between different sites or data transfer to a third party, precautions are required to safeguard patient privacy. Safety measures are required to prevent inadvertent access to and transfer of identifiable information. The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) is the national voice of radiology committed to promoting the highest standards in patient-centered imaging, lifelong learning, and research. The CAR has created an AI Ethical and Legal standing committee with the mandate to guide the medical imaging community in terms of best practices in data management, access to health care data, de-identification, and accountability practices. Part 2 of this article will inform CAR members on the practical aspects of medical imaging de-identification, strengths and limitations of de-identification approaches, list of de-identification software and tools available, and perspectives on future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the context of fewest-switch surface hopping (FSSH) dynamics, one often wishes to remove the angular component of the derivative coupling between states J and K . In a previous set of papers, Shu et al. [J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11, 1135–1140 (2020)] posited one approach for such a removal based on direct projection, while we isolated a second approach by constructing and differentiating a rotationally invariant basis. Unfortunately, neither approach was able to demonstrate a one-electron operator O ̂ whose matrix element J O ̂ K was the angular component of the derivative coupling. Here, we show that a one-electron operator can, in fact, be constructed efficiently in a semi-local fashion. The present results yield physical insight into designing new surface hopping algorithms and are of immediate use for FSSH calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is in two folds. In the first fold, we prove the Lipschitz continuity of the proximal mapping associated with a general strongly H-monotone mapping and compute an estimate of its Lipschitz constant under some mild assumptions imposed on the mapping H involved in the proximal mapping. We provide two examples to show that a maximal monotone mapping need not be a general H-monotone for a single-valued mapping H from a Banach space to its dual space. A class of multi-valued nonlinear variational inclusion problems is considered, and by using the notion of proximal mapping and Nadler's technique, an iterative algorithm with mixed errors is suggested to compute its solutions. Under some appropriate hypotheses imposed on the mappings and parameters involved in the multi-valued nonlinear variational inclusion problem, the strong convergence of the sequences generated by the proposed algorithm to a solution of the aforesaid problem is verified. The second fold of this paper investigates and analyzes the notion of Cn-monotone mappings defined and studied in [S.Z. Nazemi, A new class of monotone mappings and a new class of variational inclusions in Banach spaces, J. Optim. Theory Appl. 155(3)(2012) 785-795]. Several comments related to the results and algorithm appeared in the above mentioned paper are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage visualizations are works of the cultural imaginary and this paper examines the artwork Artistic License: VR Sydney Cove circa 1800, which foregrounds the interpretive nature of heritage visualization. It is a reimagining in VR of A View of Sydney Cove, New South Wales, 1804, a contemporaneous print of Sydney Cove. Existing in the liminal space between accuracy and authenticity it is both art object and heritage visualization. The dual nature of this work supports engagement with wider audiences, fostering and broadening debate at individual, institutional, academic and societal levels about the nature and role of heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The estimation of time‐lapse time shifts between two, or several, repeated seismic surveys has become increasingly popular over the past eighteen years. These time shifts are a reliable and informative seismic attribute that can relate to reservoir production. Correction for these time shifts or the underlying velocity perturbations and/or subsurface displacement in an imaging sense also permits accurate evaluation of time‐lapse amplitudes by attempting to decouple the kinematic component. To date, there are approximately thirty methods for time‐shift estimation described in the literature. We can group these methods into three main families of mathematical development, together with several miscellaneous techniques. Here we detail the underlying bases for these methods, and the acknowledged benefits and weaknesses of each class of method highlighted. We illustrate this review with a number of time‐lapse seismic examples from producing fields. No method is necessarily superior to the others, as its selection depends on ease of implementation, noise characteristics of the field data, and whether the inherent assumptions suit the case in question. However, cross‐correlation stands out as the algorithm of choice based on the Pareto principle and waveform inversion the algorithm delivering best resolution. This is a companion study to the previous review of time‐shift magnitudes and a discussion of their rock physics basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better solve the problem of automatic identification of quality control line and detection line in the detection of gold standard test strip, this paper proposes to collect the image information of gold standard test strip after color rendering through CMOS sensor, preprocess the obtained information, transform RGB image into gray image, build cloud model in the CIELAB/HSV/HSL space, and apply the improved AdaBoost algorithm to determine the position of detection line and quality control line Place. Compared with the traditional template matching method, it improves the accuracy and accuracy of recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The folded paper-size illusion is as easy to demonstrate as it is powerful in generating insights into perceptual processing: First take two A4 sheets of paper, one original sized, another halved by folding, then compare them in terms of area size by centering the halved sheet on the center of the original one! We perceive the larger sheet as far less than double (i.e., 100%) the size of the small one, typically only being about two thirds larger--this illusion is preserved by rotating the inner sheet and even by aligning it to one or two sides, but is dissolved by aligning both sheets to three sides, here documented by 88 participants' data. A potential explanation might be the general incapability of accurately comparing more than one geometrical dimension at once--in everyday life, we solve this perceptual-cognitive bottleneck by reducing the complexity of such a task via aligning parts with same lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many complex physical systems exhibit a rich variety of discrete behavioural modes. Often, the system complexity limits the applicability of standard modelling tools. Hence, understanding the underlying physics of different behaviours and distinguishing between them is challenging. Although traditional machine learning techniques could predict and classify behaviour well, typically they do not provide any meaningful insight into the underlying physics of the system. In this paper we present a novel method for extracting physically meaningful clusters of discrete behaviour from limited experimental observations. This method obtains a set of physically plausible functions that both facilitate behavioural clustering and aid in system understanding. We demonstrate the approach on the V-shaped falling paper system, a new falling paper type system that exhibits four distinct behavioural modes depending on a few morphological parameters. Using just 49 experimental observations, the method discovered a set of candidate functions that distinguish behaviours with an error of 2.04%, while also aiding insight into the physical phenomena driving each behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper two procedures are developed for the identification of the parameters contained in an orthotropic elastic-plastic-hardening model for free standing foils, particularly of paper and paperboard. The experimental data considered are provided by cruciform tests and digital image correlation. A simplified version of the constitutive model proposed by Xia et al. (Int J Solids Struct 39:4053-4071, ) is adopted. The inverse analysis is comparatively performed by the following alternative computational methodologies: (a) mathematical programming by a trust-region algorithm; (b) proper orthogonal decomposition and artificial neural network. The second procedure rests on preparatory once-for-all computations and turns out to be applicable economically and routinely in industrial environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years the number of research publications per year is growing exponentially. Finding research papers of quality from the massive literature of relevant articles is a challenging and time-consuming task. The approaches in the latest literature address citation recommendation by utilizing large bibliographic information and use machine learning and deep learning methods for the task. These techniques clearly require a large amount of training data as well as machines with high processing power. To overcome these issues, we propose a novel method by modifying the popular hyperlink induced topic search (HITS), a web page ranking algorithm, as citation recommendation using hyperlink induced topic search (CR-HITS) that works on a directed and weighted heterogeneous bibliographic network containing diverse types of nodes and edges. We define effective scoring schemes for nodes and edges based on basic bibliographic information like citations of papers, number of publications of an author, etc. Given a few seed papers, the citation recommendation algorithm CR-HITS is run on small neighborhoods of the seed papers and hence the time taken by the execution is very small to yield the final recommendations. To the best of our knowledge, HITS has been used for the first time for the citation recommendation problem. We perform extensive experimentation on DBLP (version-11) and ACM (version-9) datasets and compare the results with many baseline methods in terms of MAP, MRR, and recall@N measures. The performance of the proposed algorithms is superior with respect to the MAP metric and matches the second best for the other two metrics. Since the top two algorithms use deep learning methods and use much larger bibliographic information including abstracts of the papers, we claim that our approach utilizes very low resources, yet yields recommendations that are very close to the top recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TFAHP-FAHP algorithm model constructed in this article can preferably avoid subjective assumptions caused by human factor. The new energy vehicle power battery is a core component for improving the performance of electric vehicles, and constitutes one of the most valuable parts of the invention patent for new energy vehicles. Patent pledge financing is a brand new form with great potential. However, as a result of the imperfect system of the patent pledge financing, banks and other financial institutions are exposed to an increased risk in the process of the patent pledge financing, which seriously limits the development of the patent pledge financing for power battery. In view of the above issues, this paper uses the SPSS reliability and validity tests in order to develop a relatively complete and accurate index system. TFAHP algorithm model and fuzzy comprehensive are combined to determine the final correction coefficient. In this study, the income method is used to determine the pledge valuation value of a new energy vehicle power battery patent portfolio, and the AHP algorithm method is used to determine the weight of the value of the invention patent portfolio within the patent portfolio. As a result, in this paper, the pledge value of the patent portfolio is multiplied by a proportion of the invention patent portfolio's value, and then multiplied by a correction coefficient to obtain the final new energy vehicle power battery invention patent portfolio pledge value. Using this reference value, technology-based energy companies can pledge financing for new energy vehicle power battery invention patent portfolios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the control problem of time-varying state-scale nonlinear systems whose initial state is not affected by settling time, fixed-time convergence algorithms are proposed for first-order systems and higher-order systems in this paper. First, a scalar model is used to illustrate how the time-varying feedback parameter can guarantee that the system achieves asymptotic stability while achieving finite-time convergence, and it is proved that the settling time obtained in this paper is only related to the prescribed boundary. This allows us to design the settling time with an appropriate parameter based on the prescribed boundary. To exhibit the effectiveness and extensibility of the proposed algorithm for first-order scalar systems, the results are subsequently extended to general higher-order systems based on the backstepping method. By introducing numerical simulation results, this paper verifies that the proposed algorithm will make the system achieve asymptotic stability and its output can converge to a given boundary, regardless of the system's initial states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of finding optimal block designs can be formulated as a combinatorial optimization, but its resolution is still a formidable challenge. This paper presents a general and user-friendly algorithm, namely Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO), to construct optimal or near-optimal block designs. It can be used for several classes of block designs such as binary, non-binary and test-control block designs with correlated or uncorrelated observations. In order to evaluate the algorithm, we compare our results with the optimal designs presented in some published papers. An advantage of our algorithm is its independency to the sizes of blocks and the structure of correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into cultural tastes has commonly sought to analyze and understand preferences in terms of notions of familiarity. Such approaches are inadequate, however, when it comes to examining our engagement with unfamiliar cultural content. This paper responds to this gap by examining how people respond to algorithmic recommendations of culture through a case study of unfamiliar Australian art music. It firstly identifies three different "techniques' by which audiences engage with and value music: functional, emotional, and intellectual. The analysis then examines how these techniques, together with measures of familiarity and the acoustic "materiality" of the music itself, combine to predict the affective ratings given to music recommendations. The findings show that audiences display a surprising capacity to engage with the unfamiliar. The paper argues for the need to develop more nuanced understandings of the relationship between familiarity and preferences which are capable of accommodating a taste for the unfamiliar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to map out how the field of dynamic capabilities has developed since the seminal studies by Teece et al. (1997) and Eisenhardt and Martin (2000). We identified 10,838 papers and used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm for topic modeling. We conducted two analyses: the first was based on the temporality and characteristics of the studies; the second was interpretative and based on the network of theoretical concepts. Results indicate an approximation between the ideas of the two seminal studies, which were initially viewed as opposite. We observe a movement to value relational issues, following a collective construction path, and paying less attention to the firm itself. Overall, we were able to understand the consolidation of the dynamic capabilities field; understand the core elements involved in the development of dynamic capabilities; set out the original and current concepts of dynamic capabilities; and indicate tendencies and a possible future research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in computer image recognition have significantly impacted many industries, including healthcare, security and autonomous systems. This paper aims to explore the potential of improving image algorithms to enhance computer image recognition. Specifically, we will focus on regression methods as a means to improve the accuracy and efficiency of identifying images. In this study, we will analyze various regression techniques and their applications in computer image recognition, as well as the resulting performance improvements through detailed examples and data analysis. This paper deals with the problems related to visual image processing in outdoor unstructured environment. Finally, the heterogeneous patterns are converted into the same pattern, and the heterogeneous patterns are extracted from the fusion features of data modes. The simulation results show that the perception ability and recognition ability of outdoor image recognition in complex environment are improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the development of low‐earth orbit broadband satellites, the combination of multi‐path transmission and software‐defined networking (SDN) for satellite networks has seen rapid advancement. The integration of SDN and multi‐path transmission contributes to improving the efficiency of transmission and reducing network congestion. However, the current SDN controllers do not support the multi‐path QUIC protocol (MPQUIC), and the routing algorithm used in current satellite networks based on minimum hop count struggles to meet the real‐time requirements for some applications. Therefore, this paper designs and implements an SDN controller that supports the MPQUIC protocol and proposes a multi‐objective optimization‐based routing algorithm. This algorithm selects paths with lower propagation delays and higher available bandwidth for subflow transmission to improve transmission throughput. Considering the high‐speed mobility of satellite nodes and frequent link switching, this paper also designs a flow table update algorithm based on the predictability of satellite network topology. It enables proactive rerouting upon link switching, ensuring stable transmission. The performance of the proposed solution is evaluated through satellite network simulation environments. The experimental results highlight that SDN‐MPQUIC significantly improves performance metrics: it reduces average completion time by 37.3% to 59.3% compared to QSMPS and by 52.8% to 72.4% compared to Disjoint for files with different sizes. Additionally, SDN‐MPQUIC achieves an average throughput improvement of 81.4% compared to QSMPS and 147.8% compared to Disjoint, while demonstrating a 26.3% lower retransmission rate than QSMPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buildings are significant components of digital cities, and their precise extraction is essential for the three-dimensional modeling of cities. However, it is difficult to accurately extract building features effectively in complex scenes, especially where trees and buildings are tightly adhered. This paper proposes a highly accurate building point cloud extraction method based solely on the geometric information of points in two stages. The coarsely extracted building point cloud in the first stage is iteratively refined with the help of mask polygons and the region growing algorithm in the second stage. To enhance accuracy, this paper combines the Alpha Shape algorithm with the neighborhood expansion method to generate mask polygons, which help fill in missing boundary points caused by the region growing algorithm. In addition, this paper performs mask extraction on the original points rather than non-ground points to solve the problem of incorrect identification of facade points near the ground using the cloth simulation filtering algorithm. The proposed method has shown excellent extraction accuracy on the Urban-LiDAR and Vaihingen datasets. Specifically, the proposed method outperforms the PointNet network by 20.73% in precision for roof extraction of the Vaihingen dataset and achieves comparable performance with the state-of-the-art HDL-JME-GGO network. Additionally, the proposed method demonstrated high accuracy in extracting building points, even in scenes where buildings were closely adjacent to trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have recently witnessed the rapid development of several emerging technologies, including the internet of things, which lead to a high interest in wireless sensor networks. Tiny sensor nodes are now important parts of a large number of complex systems, with numerous applications, including military, environment monitoring, and surveillance and body area sensor networks. A wireless sensor network builds the core part for IoT. Besides this, lifetime maximization is the biggest challenge in the wireless sensor network. Also, In a wireless sensor network, it is difficult to find an optimal node deployment approach that would minimize costs, be robust to node failures, decrease computing overhead and communication, and maintain a high degree of coverage and network connectivity. There is numerous literature addressed this challenge which is discussed in this paper; still there are lot many challenges yet to be addressed. Considering this scenario, in this paper, we propose a scheduled-based node deployment algorithm using Firefly Optimization (FA) to offer a circumstance where we have a group of target points that satisfy p-coverage and sensor nodes that satisfy q-connectivity, with subject to the selection of the optimal number of a sensor node that has the highest energy and minimum distance. The multiple parameters as no. of sensor nodes, distance, survivability factors, coverage, and connectivity of the sensor nodes are considered for designing the fitness function. A comprehensive statistical analysis is done using the simulation results to prove the proposed scheme's efficiency with other existing state-of-the-art methods under various p-coverage and q-connectivity configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, many image encryption algorithms have been proposed. Part of them failed to pass the cryptanalysis test and were found to be unsecure. Some others were more secure and could resist the known cryptanalysis methods. Many of those recent schemes followed a well-known model that consists of encrypting the image's pixels using a variety of techniques and methods. Many algorithms were claimed to be secure and performant to be used in real applications. This paper investigates this claim by performing a comparative analysis between a chaotic algorithm recently proposed and the standard general purpose AES cryptosystem in a web application context. The experimental tests conducted on both algorithms in this paper proved that the pixel-wise algorithms are not suitable for this kind of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective nonlinear control of manipulators with dynamically coupled arms, like those with direct drives, is the subject of the paper. Model-based predictive control (MPC) algorithms with nonlinear state-space models and most recent disturbance attenuation technique are proposed. This technique makes controller design and online calculations simpler, avoiding necessity of dynamic modeling of disturbances or resorting to additional techniques like SMC. The core of the paper are computationally effective MPC-NPL (Nonlinear Prediction and Linearization) algorithms, where computations at every sample are divided into two parts: prediction of initial trajectories using nonlinear model, then optimization using simplified linearized model. For a comparison, a known CTC-PID algorithm, which is also model-based, is considered. It is applied in standard form and also proposed in more advanced CTC-PID2dof version. For all algorithms a comprehensive comparative simulation study is performed, for a direct drive manipulator under disturbances. Additional contribution of the paper is investigation of influence of sampling period and of computational delay time on performance of the algorithms, which is practically important when using model-based algorithms with fast sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel real-time kinematic simulation algorithm for planar N-bar linkage mechanisms, both single- and multi-degrees-of-freedom, comprising revolute and/or prismatic joints and actuators. A key feature of this algorithm is a reinterpretation technique that transforms prismatic elements into a combination of revolute joint and links. This gives rise to a unified system of geometric constraints and a general-purpose solver which adapts to the complexity of the mechanism. The solver requires only two types of methods--fast dyadic decomposition and relatively slower optimization-based--to simulate all types of planar mechanisms. From an implementation point of view, this algorithm simplifies programming without requiring handling of different types of mechanisms. This versatile algorithm can handle serial, parallel, and hybrid planar mechanisms with varying degrees-of-freedom and joint types. Additionally, this paper presents an estimation of simulation time and structural complexity, shedding light on computational demands. Demonstrative examples showcase the practicality of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Train wheels are crucial components for ensuring the safety of trains. The accurate and fast identification of wheel tread defects is necessary for the timely maintenance of wheels, which is essential for achieving the premise of conditional repair. Image-based detection methods are commonly used for detecting tread defects, but they still have issues with the misdetection of water stains and the leaking of small defects. In this paper, we address the challenges posed by the detection of wheel tread defects by proposing improvements to the YOLOv8 model. Firstly, the impact of water stains on tread defect detection is avoided by optimising the structure of the detection layer. Secondly, an improved SPPCSPC module is introduced to enhance the detection of small targets. Finally, the SIoU loss function is used to accelerate the convergence speed of the network, which ensures defect recognition accuracy with high operational efficiency. Validation was performed on the constructed tread defect dataset. The results demonstrate that the enhanced YOLOv8 model in this paper outperforms the original network and significantly improves the tread defect detection indexes. The average precision, accuracy, and recall reached 96.95%, 96.30%, and 95.31%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A charge and discharge management scheme is proposed. The stored electric energy in distributed storage devices will converge to the consistent. The consistency of the stored electric energy of the devices helps to maintain the maximum load capacity and maximum consumption capacity of distributed storage devices. The charging and discharging process is constructed as a time-varying optimization problem, and the proposed algorithm can respond to the time-varying parameters of the distributed storage devices in real time. The time-varying neurodynamic algorithms can obtain time-varying optimal solution trajectories to give the optimal charging and discharging strategy in real time. In addition, the proposed approach in this paper focuses on the privacy protection of device data. Each device can calculate the power of discharging or charging by communicating with the partially connected nodes. Numerical simulations of the proposed scheme in the paper are given to verify the effectiveness of the scheme. Numerical simulations show that our scheme can make the electric energy stored in each storage device converge and maintain the maximum load capacity or maximum consumption capacity of the whole distributed storage device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication security has become particularly crucial with the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT). Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technology, a prevalent method in wireless communication, has a wide range of applications in the Internet of Things. Enhancing the security of frequency hopping sequences is an essential means to improve the security of frequency hopping communication in the Internet of Things, as the performance of frequency hopping sequences plays a crucial role in frequency hopping systems. This paper proposes constructing secure adaptive frequency hopping sequence sets based on the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm. As a block cipher algorithm with superior security, the AES algorithm can provide a fundamental guarantee for the security of the proposed frequency hopping sequences. The mapping methods from ciphertext sequences to frequency hopping sequences proposed in this paper can achieve the construction of frequency hopping sequences of any frequency set size to meet the requirements of adaptive frequency hopping. In addition, we also model and analyse the problem of overlapping spectrum band of the IoT groups in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band, aiming to achieve better packet transmission performance by adjusting the frequency set size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]