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A study of the class \Delta consisting of topological \Delta-spaces was originated by Jerzy Ka̧kol and Arkady Leiderman [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. Ser. B 8 (2021), pp. 86–99; Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. Ser. B 8 (2021), pp. 267–280]. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and investigate new classes \Delta _2 \subset \Delta _1 properly containing \Delta. We observe that for every first-countable X the following equivalences hold: X\in \Delta _1 iff X\in \Delta _2 iff each countable subset of X is G_{\delta }. Thus, new proposed concepts provide a natural extension of the family of all \lambda-sets beyond the separable metrizable spaces. We prove that (1) A pseudocompact space X belongs to the class \Delta _1 iff countable subsets of X are scattered. (2) Every regular scattered space belongs to the class \Delta _2. We investigate whether the classes \Delta _1 and \Delta _2 are invariant under the basic topological operations. Similarly to \Delta, both classes \Delta _1 and \Delta _2 are invariant under the operation of taking countable unions of closed subspaces. In contrast to \Delta, they are not preserved by closed continuous images. Let Y be l-dominated by X, i.e. C_p(X) admits a continuous linear map onto C_p(Y). We show that Y \in \Delta _1 whenever X \in \Delta _1. Moreover, we establish that if Y is l-dominated by a compact scattered space X, then Y is a pseudocompact space such that its Stone–Čech compactification \beta Y is scattered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the degrees to which a mapping is continuous, open or closed are introduced in (L, M)-fuzzy topological spaces by using implication operation and some characterizations of them are presented. Also their relationships with the degrees of compactness, connectedness, T1 and T2 axioms in (L, M)-fuzzy topological spaces are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some properties generalizing the normality separation axiom and their behavior under basic topological operations and continuous mappings are discussed. One of the general problems considered in the paper concerns the deduction of “nice” topological properties of spaces from generalized normality of certain topological products, their subspaces, and other related structures; in particular, extensions of the well-known theorems of Katetov and Tamano are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]