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The study of the "Circe" episode of Ulysses has been underserved with regard to one of its most significant sources, the sadomasochistic magazine Bits of Fun, which has never been fully examined. This source is followed more closely by Joyce in the novel's Bella/Bello scene than has been realized, as well as in the "Ithaca" episode and Finnegans Wake. The exact issues that Joyce used have not yet been correctly identified, and the "Circe" notesheets have consequently been misdated. Joyce drew on Bits of Fun not only for his theme of forced feminization in this episode, but also for more extreme details of bondage and torture, including even cannibalism and slavery. Based on this source, the text of Joyce's early draft material in both his "Circe" notesheets and Ulysses notebooks should be emended in several places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the altmetric activity of papers published by the University of Zagreb School of Medicine in internationally visible journals and to identify differences in altmetric activity between the papers published in international and local journals and between those published in English and Croatian. We also investigated changes in altmetric activity over time and the characteristics of papers with the highest Twitter and Mendeley activity. The sample included 390 papers collected from the bibliographic database Scopus. Their altmetric and citation activities were measured at three time points: in July 2014, 2015, and 2016. The findings generally correspond to those observed in the large-scale studies of medical papers. Papers in renowned journals, and papers reporting clinical guidelines and multicentric studies had the most intense altmetric activity. In contrast, papers published in local, Croatian journals showed minimal altmetric activity, especially the papers published in Croatian. These results indicate that the local publishing community has not yet recognised social media as a tool for promoting research and that non-English language publications have minimal chances to receive attention, even in social media. The evaluative potential of altmetric indicators has to be further explored in a broader context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the space of four years, from 1826 to 1829, the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal published three anonymous articles seemingly advocating doctrines inspired by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Decades of scholarship have initially attributed the most outspoken of the three articles, the 1826 "Observations on the Nature and Importance of Geology," to Robert Grant, and subsequently to Robert Jameson, thanks to a critical reassessment by James Secord (1991). More recently, scholars have also ascribed to Jameson an article published in 1829, "Of the Continuity of the Animal Kingdom by Means of Generation from the First Ages of the World to the Present Times." A third short contribution, the 1827 "Of the Changes which Life has Experienced on the Globe" has been credited to the Franco-German Ami Boué. Research undertaken over several years has led to the identification of the three authors hiding behind the veil of anonymity. They were not the ones scholars have agreed upon, nor were they really "Lamarckians." The discussion of the ways in which the three texts reached Edinburgh broadens our understanding of the daily working practices of contemporary periodicals and of the networks of circulation of texts at the Continental level. Finally, when considered within their proper conceptual and social context, the three articles throw light on the many ways in which, during the 1820s, European amateurs, naturalists, and journalists debated the succession of life forms throughout the history of the Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the authorship of the "Calendars of State Papers" editor Mary Anne Everett Green. Her expressive writing style emphasizes the Victorian history of England. It reveals that her writing shows positive values towards English history. The periodical is recognized as the standard research tool for historians in the country.

Citation analysis of 265 Workforce Education and Development (WED) dissertations, theses, and graduate research papers at Southern Illinois University Carbondale (SIUC) was used to (1) determine core serials in the discipline, (2) provide Morris Library with a guide to serials acquisition and maintenance in the discipline, and (3) provide future WED students with a core list of WED journals. This study has applicability as a specific instance of applied citation analysis as well as for academic librarians faced with acquiring and maintaining serials in WED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ArQuives: Canada's LGBTQ2+ Archives, founded in 1973, holds one of the largest collections of queer serials in the world, with more than ten thousand titles. Most are on paper, but formats have been evolving. Beginning in the 1980s, the ArQuives participated in small-scale microfilming projects. Microfilming of the collection increased greatly in 2005, when Primary Source Microfilm (PSM) undertook a large project to film a portion of the collection, resulting in 211 reels devoted to international gay and lesbian periodicals and newsletters. The PSM project was later repurposed and expanded by Gale Cengage, beginning in 2015, and forms part of its Archives of Sexuality and Gender online product. This paper examines the evolution of the ArQuives' serial holdings from paper to microform to digital formats, and explores recent in-house digitization efforts and future prospects for expanding access to these materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the trends in teacher education based on papers published in the "European Journal of Teacher Education" (EJTE) since 1978. Topics discussed include the countries identified as the context for the research, research methodologies used in the papers published and some of the merging trends are teacher education curriculum, comparative analysis of teacher education and approaches to teaching a subject.

Good research paper writing can be made much simpler than most people think, provided a few important principles are kept in mind. We cover these principles here, as we go through a brief description of the successive parts of a typical research paper. We hope this will help young researchers achieve in a short time the high standards expected at top international journals and conferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key points A more general and continuous form of ‘A short history of SHELX’ phenomenon has been found. The Review of Particle Physics (RPP) series, which is called the bible in the particle physics field, is highly cited by other research papers. The RPP phenomenon is found in different journals and is affected by the host journal's impact factor and publication size. The RPP phenomenon provides a big or small, but temporary, boost to its host journal's impact factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the editorial endogeny of Library and Information Science journals. The endogeny was determined by the analysis of (1) papers published by the journal's editors, (2) papers published by the journal's country of origin, and (3) journal self-citation. The study used five-year coverage based on journals listed in the Web of Science. Regarding the editorial endogeny, the cut-off line of 50% of publications was at 4.51%. However, some journals have concentrated this endogeny from 20% to 45%. The endogenous model developed with the three analyses generated a journal efficiency system that showed a moderate index by the quartile of the journals, with an average of four endogenous papers per journal. 50% of the publications obtained an average of 10.70% self-citations. But part of the 50% most endogenous journals obtained indices ranging from 11% to 75.99%, with ten journals over 30%. 50% of papers are from the journal's country of origin. We conclude that the levels of endogeny were balanced on average, but some journals abused it to improve their ranking and impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teaching of psychoanalysis encompasses a wide array of educational stages, from undergraduate students to psychoanalytic candidates and lifelong training for professionals. Papers published in psychoanalytic journals play a fundamental role in teaching tasks. The historical separation of psychoanalytic practice from the research community and the university probably relates to the relative lack of empirical investigation and the contested status of research in general within the psychoanalytic community. In addition, there is not enough debate among different schools and orientations, making it very unlikely that creative solutions to theoretical and practical discussions will be found. Related to this, there seems to be a worrying deficit of recent references in psychoanalytic papers compared with general psychiatric journals or medical publications. This reflects a dangerous attitude of not paying attention to contemporary writers within our own field. Reasons behind this might be fear of confrontation with other colleagues, loyalty to our own dogmas and clinical practices, a system of training that promotes continuity, and even organizational structures that sustain this state of things. A renewed attention to research in psychoanalysis (conceptual, empirical, clinical-observational, etc.) and establishing ties to academic environments in the fields of natural and human sciences might improve this situation and offer a path towards collective theoretical and clinical development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the first half of the twentieth century there was a great deal of debate about increasing female participation in sporting activities, and changes to the female sporting body and the way in which it was displayed. Magazines for girls played a key role in the construction of the female body, and in mediating for their readers a range of diverse views on the meaning, purpose and benefits or dangers of female physical culture. This article explores the way in which one periodical, the Girl's Own Paper (GOP), disseminated those discourses and allowed its readers to explore different viewpoints. It argues that the way in which GOP presented sport for girls and women was contingent upon the age of the intended readership, and that the coverage of sport within the paper reached a peak in the 1930s when the target readership was aged 12 to 16. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses several aspects of mass media in Morocco. It mentions the national press agency, Maghreb Arabe Presse (MAP), was established in 1959 and introduction of state-controlled radio stations and television channels in Morocco. It also mentions the press structure was moulded by being attached in the main to authorized political parties in 1956; and magazines played an important role in public debates up to the early 1970s.

The article informs that a study published in October 4, 2022 issue of "JAMA Open Network" reveals that retracted papers about COVID-19 have been pulled from journals faster than those on other topics.

Aims. The aims of this study were (i) to determine the success rate for obtaining conference papers by using e-mail, and (ii) to compare the results with those found previously for reprints of published papers. Method. 100 requests for copies of papers delivered at a conference in the USA were made by e-mail from the UK. A reminder was sent to the appropriate authors if no paper had been received within three weeks. Results. 54 papers were received within six weeks. Most came by return or within one day, and all came electronically. Few of these papers could be described as conference papers, however, as the majority of them were copies of papers prepared for publication elsewhere. In addition, many lacked the information necessary for them to be adequately cited in other publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a comparative analysis of Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus and Francis Sylvester Mahony's The Reliques of Father Prout, which both appeared in monthly instalments in Fraser's Magazine in the 1930s. It examines the commodified, reader-centred aesthetic of London's periodical culture, with emphasis on Carlyle's reimagining of metropolitan literary convention in his pseudotranslation from the German. It further explores how Mahony adapts and politicizes Carlyle's 'cross-cultural' model in his Catholic unionist reversal of traditional British–Irish cultural relations. In the process, it investigates Scottish and Irish attempts to provide a decentred, post-Romantic rereading of the metropolis from the regional peripheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the content of Women's Cricket magazine, which was published between 1930 and 1967 by the Women's Cricket Association. It is suggested that sportswomen have always actively resisted and attempted to combat the negative discourses surrounding their participation in physical activities; the magazine is used as a case study of this. It is argued that the editors attempted to challenge the stereotypes of women's cricket available in the mainstream press by publishing a newspaper of their own which provided accurate, serious coverage of their sport, and by distributing this to the mainstream press. The question of how far they were successful in altering negative discourses about female participation in the sport is also assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large numbers of available scientific papers makes the research of ontology construction an attractive application area. However, there are two shortcomings for most current ontology construction approaches. First, implicit time properties of domain concepts are rarely taken into account in current approaches. Second, current automatic concept relation extraction methods mainly rely on the local context information that surrounds current considered concepts. These two problems prevent most current ontology construction methods from being employed to their full potential. To tackle these problems, we propose a hybrid learning method to integrate concepts’ global information and human experts’ knowledge together into ontology construction, among which concepts’ temporal attributes are taken into account. Our method first divides each concept into four time periods according to their attribution distribution on a time axis. Then global time-related attributions are collected for each concept. Finally, concept relations are extracted with a hybrid learning method. We evaluated our method by testing it on Chinese academic papers. It outperformed a baseline system based on only hierarchical concept relations, showing the effectiveness of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

À l'aube de leur cinquantième année d'existence en tant que publication savante, les Papers/Cahiers de la Société bibliographique du Canada continuent de jouer un rôle primordial dans l'histoire du livre au Canada. Cet article donne un aperçu historique des Papers/Cahiers et de leur évolution au fil des ans y compris des notices biographiques des principaux rédacteurs et collaborateurs. Il contient également des observations pertinentes au sujet du contenu intellectuel et culturel des Papers/Cahiers, des points de repères et des données bibliographiques en mettant surtout l'accent sur l'histoire du livre au Canada durant les deux dernières décennies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper begins by reflecting on the general methodologies of studying translation in periodicals, summarized by studying Hong Kong literary magazines and newspapers. It appeals for translation studies to pay closer attention to periodicals and consider how the characteristics of periodicals affect translations. It starts with the most basic features, including the heterogeneity in periodicals, the paratexts, and the periodicity, and proposes studying translations in periodicals can help us to better understand the translation strategies and structural positions of a certain literary field. This paper then focuses on three examples from the 1970s and 1980s in Hong Kong, including the column writings of Leung Ping-kwan, the literary magazine Su Yeh Literature, and the translation of Pablo Neruda in various Hong Kong magazines, demonstrating cases of various research scales. With these, it aims to argue that periodicals are not only a medium of translation and a record of historical development but also active agents in the literary field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collection management is an important duty of librarians. In the last years journal prices have increased and library decision-makers have been forced to consider cancelling some journal subscriptions as budgets have not increased always by the same ratio. This fact has made it essential to supply reliable and efficient measures about the importance of different journals for in-house users in order to help the decision-makers to cancel subscriptions. Many journal-use studies can be found in the literature providing methods for making these kinds of decisions, but usually they consider only one single and precise decision criterion. Nevertheless, it is common knowledge that any real decision usually considers more than one criterion, and so the problem of choosing a set of journals to cancel is compounded by the existence of conflicting criteria, such as the cost of the journal and demand for the journal. As predicting possible number of users of a certain journal is a complex task, the expert''s judgments could be vital elements. Fuzzy Set theory could be a useful tool in dealing with these kinds of real decisions based on the expert''s knowledge and characterized by some level of subjectivity, in which the decision-maker has imprecise and/or vague data and/or incomplete information. In this paper a fuzzy bicriteria optimisation method is proposed to determine the optimal shape of the printed journal collection in a medical library in a Spanish public hospital. We jointly consider two criteria: maximising a usage function and also an opportunity coefficient of purchase function, both defined for each printed journal. Budget constraints and minimum availability constraints are taken into account. The proposed model is flexible, incorporates expert knowledge and can be easily extended to other hospital libraries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The paper presents linguistic error analysis of articles written by non-native speakers of English which were published in the journal 'Transport' in 2003-2004. The errors were identified, classified and analysed from various perspectives. The main causes of language misuse were also identified and explained within the framework of the theory of linguistic relativity and laws of interference of the native language of the learners. The analysis is aimed at building competence of technical writers in the English language used in scientific papers. The results obtained in the investigation allowed the authors to provide some recommendations to technical writers as to improving the proficiency in scientific English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The purpose of our study was to analyze scientific papers published by South Korean plastic surgeons in journals included in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), and to evaluate the publication and research activities of Korean plastic surgeon. Methods We conducted a survey of SCIE papers in the field of plastic surgery published by South Korean authors between 2001 and 2010 using Web of Science software. We further analyzed these results according to the number of publications per year, journals, institution, and type of papers. We also compared the total number of citations to published scientific papers. We analyzed the rank of South Korea among other countries in representative journals. Results Overall, 667 papers were published by South Korean authors between 2001 and 2010. The number of publications increased dramatically from 2003 (n=31) to 2010 (n=139). Subsequently, the ten most productive Korean medical colleges were identified. All published papers received 2,311 citations and the citation to paper ratio was 3.49. The rank of Korea among other countries in terms of the number of published papers remained in the top 10 during the recent 10 years. Conclusions Publication output of Korean plastic surgeon over the last 10 years showed a remarkable growth in terms of quantity and quality. Currently, Korea is among the top six countries in representative plastic surgery journals. Korean plastic surgeons have played a central role in this progress, and it is anticipated that they will continue to do so in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the specific features of historical papers relevant for information retrieval and bibliometrics. The analysis is based mainly on the citation indexes accessible under the Web of Science (WoS) but also on field-specific databases: the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) literature database and the INSPEC database. First, the journal coverage of the WoS (in particular of the WoS Century of Science archive), the limitations of specific search fields as well as several database errors are discussed. Then, the problem of misspelled citations and their 'mutations' is demonstrated by a few typical examples. Complex author names, complicated journal names, and other sources of errors that result from prior citation practice are further issues. Finally, some basic phenomena limiting the meaning of citation counts of historical papers are presented and explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that existing accounts of the 'post-feminist' gender regime place excessive emphasis on modes of repudiation of feminism, at the expense of analysing possibilities for the affirmation of feminism in the mainstream media. I argue that this oversight may be rectified by an assessment of the ways in which feminism is affirmed, contested and spoken about in the pages of the quality press. Consequently, the bulk of the paper consists of an analysis of articles specifically about feminism and gender in two British quality newspapers with divergent political orientations. These are The Guardian, which is left-leaning and broadly pro-feminist, and The Times, which is more conservative and ambivalent towards feminism. In so doing, the paper introduces the notion of feminist 'domestication' as central to constructions of feminism in The Guardian, and to a lesser extent in The Times. Domestication refers to the explicit or implicit affirmation of a safe, unthreatening form of feminism via a disavowal of a more radical feminist position. Strategies of domestication thus constitute an acceptable space for feminism to reside, whilst at the same time curtailing its more radical political dimensions. Introducing the notion of 'domestication' gives us a better understanding of the conditions under which feminism can be affirmed within mainstream public discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impact factors (and similar measures such as the Scimago Journal Rankings) suffer from two problems: (a) citation behavior varies among fields of science and, therefore, leads to systematic differences, and (b) there are no statistics to inform us whether differences are significant. The recently introduced 'source normalized impact per paper' indicator of Scopus tries to remedy the first of these two problems, but a number of normalization decisions are involved, which makes it impossible to test for significance. Using fractional counting of citations-based on the assumption that impact is proportionate to the number of references in the citing documents-citations can be contextualized at the paper level and aggregated impacts of sets can be tested for their significance. It can be shown that the weighted impact of Annals of Mathematics (0.247) is not so much lower than that of Molecular Cell (0.386) despite a five-f old difference between their impact factors (2.793 and 13.156, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ERGUL, S., ARDAHAN, M., TEMEL, A.B. & YILDIRIM, B.Ö. (2010) Bibliometric review of references of nursing research papers during the decade 1994–2003 in Turkey. International Nursing Review 57, 49–55 Aim: To identify important information on the state of academic nursing and the characteristics of academic nursing publications in Turkey. Methods: The study consists of retrospective bibliometric research. The selected sample of the research consisted of six Turkish nursing journals published between 1994–2003 from a total population of ten journals. Seventy-four issues of these six journals were included and 825 research papers were analysed. A series of classic bibliometric indexes were used. Results: The average number of references per scientific paper is 16.19 [±standard deviation (SD) 8.56]. The changes in the number of references taken from journals over time do not show strong fluctuations but were statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The average number of references per paper is 17.71 (±SD 8.09) for research papers, while it is 14.50 (±SD 8.76) for reviews. The Price's index is 23.8% and the insularity index is 31.8%. Conclusions: The number of references used for papers has been increasing in recent years. The use of journals within references is high while the use of books is low. The Price's index tendency is decreasing. The high insularity index observed in the articles may be considered as a negative indicator of nursing journals in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews a content analysis of papers published in the Journal of Sustainable Tourism, the only journal exclusively devoted to sustainable tourism research over the past 15 years (1993-2007). Based on a detailed examination of the contents, a database was developed which consists of information about (1) volume/number/year; (2) study areas; (3) forms of tourism; (4) subject themes; (5) research perspectives; (6) concept and measurement and (7) methodology. A series of trends describing the growth of sustainable tourism research has been identified. The findings present the journal's contribution to theoretical debates, methodological sophistication and practical implications in sustainable tourism development. Future directions for sustainable tourism research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the emergence of electronic (e)-paper adaptations of the periodicals and books in the U.S. in 2008. It indicated by "Esquire" magazine's 75th anniversary issue in October. It describes that the magazine comprised with flashing 3 millimeter (mm)-thick cover which actually a electrophoretic paper display that forms visible images. Technological process and tools for the development of the journal are mentioned. The possible benefits that newspapers could be acquired if it will adapt e-paper are also discussed.

Aim To evaluate the effectiveness and appropriateness of a course that promotes familiarity with biomedical periodicals and teaches efficient reading skills. Methods A 16-hour course was designed to help inexperienced readers gain confidence navigating the contents of a research paper (instead of reading only abstracts), and make the first steps to critical appraisal. The course consisted of short lessons and small group work in which research papers were read and presented to the class. Participants learned a method called "browsing" that guides the first, superficial reading of a research paper and substitutes abstract reading. The course was administered to 15 hospital physicians and 40 graduate students of molecular medicine, in 4 separate sessions. Results At course entry, 45 of 55 participants normally read the abstract before consulting the body of a research paper. An end-of-course questionnaire, completed by 47 participants, revealed that only 3 would still read the abstract first, while 33 would perform browsing, 7 would scan figures and tables, and 4 would consult another section of a paper outside of their research interests; similar responses were given for a research paper within their fields. For 43 participants, the course was effective in developing reading skills. On a final comprehension test, participants had a median score of 69% correct responses (interquartile range, 56%-80%). Conclusion This introductory course on reading scientific articles is effective in overcoming abstract-only reading and in developing confidence with the research literature. Considering participants' subjective evaluation and test scores, the course contents are appropriate for both physicians and young researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the 30 years between 1837 and 1867, the Gateshead Observer provided coverage of local and national business, financial and political news that rivalled and frequently surpassed that of the various Newcastle papers and was vastly superior to that of other north-eastern publications. This article examines how this came about. It also considers how a newspaper avowedly political in its foundation emerged, as a result of the particular circumstances of Gateshead's enfranchisement and industrial development and the individuals involved, essentially as a paper for the business community. This case study also reveals how the provincial press can shed light on an otherwise very much under-documented period of local business history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on how the change of ownership of the Oshkosh, Wisconsin-based newspaper "Oshkosh Northwestern," affected the quality of the paper. The "Oshkosh Northwestern," was one of the most successful newspapers in Wisconsin during the 1900s. In the fall of 1997 the two families that owned it brought in a team of consultants to upgrade the publication. The improvements set the stage for the paper to be sold three times in less than three years. The paper was first sold by its family owners to OgdenNewspapers Inc. on May 15, 1998. A little more than a month later in early July 1998 it was acquired by Thomson Corp. On July 21, 2000 the Northwestern became property of Gannett Co. Inc. The newspaper became demonstrably worse in the five years after its family owners sold it to a series of chains. With fewer reporters writing fewer local stories and generating less copy for the local section, circulation fell more than 4 percent from the time Gannett acquired the paper in 2000 through the end of 2002.

A preliminary, two-part study explored the extent to which authors reuse portions of their own text from previously published papers. All 9 articles from a recent issue of a psychology journal were selected as target papers. Up to 3 of the most recent references cited in each of the target articles and written by the same authors were also obtained. All target articles and their corresponding references were stored digitally. Then, using specialized software, each reference was compared to its target article to assess the number of strings of text identical to both papers. Only one of the nine target articles reused significant amounts of text from one of its references. To explore further the possibility of additional text reuse, the references in each of the 9 sets of papers were compared against each other. The new comparison identified 5 pairs of papers with a substantial number of identical strings of text of 6 consecutive words in length or longer, but most of the reused text was confined to the Method section. The results suggest that some of these authors reuse their own text with some frequency, but this was largely confined to complex methodological descriptions of a research design and procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented which offers information on the transmission of knowledge between English and non-English speaking worlds in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It discusses the case of the missionary periodical "Xiaohaiyuebao," which was financially supported by the American Tract Society and the Religious Tract Society of London.

CONTEXT.: Preparing a manuscript for publication in a medical journal is hard work.OBJECTIVE.: To make it easier to prepare a readable manuscript.APPROACH.: Start early—A substantial portion of the manuscript can be written before the project is completed. Even though you will revise it later, starting early will help document the methods and guide the analysis.Focus on high-visibility components—Pay attention to what readers are most likely to look at: the title, abstract, tables, and figures. Strive to develop a set of tables and figures that convey not only the major results but also the basic methods.Develop a systematic approach to the body of the paper—A standard framework can make it easier to write the introduction, methods, results, and discussion. An obvious organization with frequent subheadings and consistent labels makes the paper easier to read.Finish strong—Improve the paper by sharing it with others and by learning how to elicit and receive their feedback. Take the time to incorporate useful feedback by revising frequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since January 2003, all clinical scientific articles published in the American volume of The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS-A) have included a level-of-evidence rating. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the interobserver agreement among reviewers, with varying levels of epidemiology training, in categorizing the levels of evidence of these clinical studies. Methods: Fifty-one consecutive clinical papers published in the American volume of JBJS were identified by a computerized search of the table of contents from January 2003 through June 2003. Each paper was blinded so that only the title, abstract (without the level of evidence designated), and methods section were provided to the reviewers. The papers were coded and were randomly organized in a binder. Six surgeons graded each blinded paper for (1) the type of study (therapeutic, prognostic, diagnostic test, or economic or decision analysis), (2) the level of evidence (on a scale of I through V), and (3) the subcategory within the particular level of evidence. Three surgeons were members of JBJS American Editorial Board, two surgeons were reviewers for JBJS-A, and one surgeon was an active researcher not formally associated with JBJS-A. The reviewers did not receive any formal training in the application of the classification system, but each was provided with a detailed description of the classification system used by JBJS-A. Intra-class correlation coefficients with 95% confidence intervals were determined for the reviewers' agreement regarding the type of study, level of evidence, and subcategory within the level of evidence. Results: The majority (69%) of the fifty-one included articles were studies of therapy, and 57% of the studies constituted Level-IV evidence. The intraclass correlation coefficients for the agreement among all reviewers with regard to the study type, level of evidence, and subcategory within the level of evidence ranged from 0.61 to 0.75. Reviewers trained in epidemiology demonstrated greater agreement (range in intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.99 to 1.0), across all aspects of the classification system, than did reviewers who were not trained in epidemiology (range in intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.60 to 0.75). Conclusions: These findings suggest that epidemiology and non-epidemiology-trained reviewers can apply the levels- of-evidence guide to published studies with acceptable interobserver agreement. The validity of this system remains a question for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A crossmapping technique is introduced for visualizing multiple and overlapping relations among entity types in collections of journal articles. Groups of entities from So entity types are crossplotted to show correspondence of relations. For example, author collaboration groups are plotted on the x axis against groups of papers (research fronts) on the y axis. At the intersection of each pair of author group/Search front pairs a circular symbol is plotted whose size is proportional to the dumber of times that authors in the group appear as authors in pipers in the research front. Entity groups are found by agglomerative hierarchical clustering using conventional similarity measures. Crossmaps comprise a simple technique that is particularly suited to showing overlap in relations among entity groups. Particularly useful crossmaps are: research fronts against base reference clusters, research fronts against author collaboration groups, and research fronts against term co-occurrence clusters. When exploring the knowledge domain of a collection of journal papers, it is useful to have several crossmaps of different entity pairs, complemented by research front timelines and base reference cluster timelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Garfield (Impact) Factor (GF) is one of the most frequently used scientometric indicators. In the present article it is shown that the main factors determining the value, of the mean of representing a set of journals are the number of articles published recently (articles referencing) Sated to those published in a previous time period (articles to be referenced) and the mean number of references in journal papers referring to the time period selected. It has been proved further that OF corresponds to the mean chance for citedness of journal papers. A new indicator, specific Impact Contribution (SIC), is Introduced, which characterizes the contribution of a subset of articles or a journal to the total impact of the respective articles or journals. The SIC index relates the share of a journal in citations divided by that in publications within a set of papers or journals appropriately selected. It is shown, however, that the normalized GFs of journals and the normalized SIC indicators are identical measures within any set of journals Selected. It may be stated therefore that Garfield Factors of journals (calculated correctly) are appropriate scientometric measures for characterizing the relative International eminence of journals within a set of journals appropriately selected. ft Is demonstrated further that SIC indicators (and so GF Indexes) correspond to the (number of citations per paper) indicators generally used, within the same set of papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a 50-year overview of the production and dissemination of the articles published in "Papers in Regional Science" as of 2004. Historical background on the development of the journal; Concept and contents of the golden anniversary issue of the journal; Developments in the field of regional science.

Highly cited articles are very different from 'ordinary' cited articles. Typically, they are authored by a large number of scientists, often involving international collaboration. The majority of the papers represent regular journal articles (81%), although review articles (12%) are over-represented compared to the national average. The citation curves of highly cited papers follow a typical pattern of rise and decline. However, different types of citation curves can be identified, reflecting possible differences in the cognitive function of the articles. Highly cited papers typically obtain citations from a large number of different journals and from papers representing both close and remote fields. However, this pattern is not very different from the average distribution for all papers. We discuss how the findings can be explained by introducing a conceptual distinction between quality dynamics and visibility dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focussed on a comparison of the contents of volumes 1 (1953) and 50 (2002) of Acta Metallurgica/Materialia, with the aim of analysing the nature of the change as regards both the numbers and locations of the authors, and the subject-matter covered by the published papers. While much has changed drastically over the past half-century, the basic principles laid down by the first editor and his advisers have not changed in essence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Peer reviews of research articles submitted to journals are an occluded genre, that is, they are not publicly available documents which are part of the research record. When submitting their first scientific papers to international journals for publication, NNSE (non-native speaker of English) novice researchers face the challenging task of framing effective replies to referees’ criticisms, a complex process requiring considerable socio-cultural sensitivity and pragma-linguistic competence. In order to lessen the impact of linguistic and cultural barriers to early publication, it is likely that an awareness of relevant features of peer reviews would be helpful. However, as gatekeeping discourse, peer reviews remain largely under-researched principally due to their hidden status and issues of confidentiality. This study presents the description and analysis of referees’ comments contained in a corpus of 40 peer reviews of short scientific papers known as Letters. In the task of revising their manuscripts for publication, novice researchers need to interpret appropriately the motivation behind referees’ comments, for example, whether they are more directed towards revision of the technical subject matter (ideational), the effectiveness of the writer''s interaction with the reader in the text (interpersonal), or an aspect of the text itself, for example, its format or length (textual). The results of this study highlight the strongly interpersonal orientation of referees’ concerns, with two-thirds of all comments in the corpus focusing on interactional deficiencies of NNSE researchers’ manuscripts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

THE PAPER STARTS OUT by reviewing the so-called "library crisis" and the extensive literature on the determinants of journal prices. It discusses the impact of the recent merger activity among journal publishers and notes, among the possible remedies that have been suggested, the possibility that electronic publications may slow down the increase in journal prices. It next discusses the "productivity puzzle," i.e., the question of why the substantial improvements in computer technology may not have been translated into productivity increases at a faster rate. While the longer-term impact on productivity is not as unfavorable as initial approaches may have suggested, the paper argues that the cost savings in producing electronic rather than paper journals tend to be overestimated, particularly because the costs of archiving are not adequately dealt with in many approaches to this problem. While much attention has been devoted to how electronic approaches can affect the costs of producing journals, relatively few people have dealt with the even more important question of how these approaches affect productivity in teaching, learning, and research. The final substantive section of the paper deals with pricing and related issues, with particular attention to price discrimination and the bundling of journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is a published research paper an important indicator of successful operational research at programme level in low-income countries? In academia, publishing in peer-reviewed scientific journals is highly encouraged and strongly pursued for academic recognition and career progression. In contrast, for those who engage in operational research at programme level, there is often no necessity or reward for publishing the results of research studies; it may even be criticized as being an unnecessary detraction from programme-related work. We present arguments to support publishing operational research from low-income countries; we highlight some of the main reasons for failure of publication at programme level and suggest ways forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the problem in accounting the public documents of the first 14 Congresses in the U.S. It cites various problems associated with congressional printing of documents for the House and Senate during the first 14 Congresses. It cites Timothy Pickering, who introduced a series of resolutions on Congressional printing and passed by the House on December 14, 1813. It also examines several publications and reprint of reports from the House and the Senate and bibliographies on the early Congressional documents. Moreover, it supplicates for a national census of public papers of the first 14 Congresses through the "Documentary History of the First Federal Congress," by Dr. Charlene Bangs Bickford.

The article presents the guidelines for submission of research studies to the chief editors that will be published at the "Restaurator," an international quarterly journal that welcomes contributions in all areas of conservation and restoration of archival materials. It states that the submissions should constitute a contribution to the conservation literature and should be previously unpublished. Furthermore, authors are encouraged to write in a style understandable to readers who are only familiar with the general subject area. Meanwhile, the article also discusses the editorial process, submission format and the citation guidelines of each paper.