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Information on feeding habits and food choices of species living in heavily disturbed and fragmented habitats is critical to developing conservation plans for these animals. We collected data on the diet and food choices of two groups (Groups 1 and 2) of white-headed langurs ( Trachypithecus leucocephalus) from August 2011 to July 2012 in a highly fragmented limestone habitat within Chongzuo White-headed Langur National Nature Reserve, Guangxi province, China. The langurs fed on 97 plant species. Leaves constituted 72.2% and 80.7% of the overall diet for Group 1 and Group 2 (including 55.7% and 66.4% young leaves), and fruits accounted for 22.8% and 11.4%, respectively. The consumption of young leaves and fruits corresponded to their availabilities for the langur groups. Mature leaf consumption peaked in December and January, corresponding to a period of young leaf scarcity. Though the langurs fed on a wide variety of plant species, only ten species made up over half of their diet, and only two of these belonged to the ten most common species in the foraging region. Likewise, there was no significant relationship between the abundance of a species and its percentage of feeding records. Our results indicate that white-headed langurs respond to limestone habitat fragmentation by broadening their diet and relying more heavily on leaves, which may be enabled by their digestive physiology. We also emphasize the importance of conserving uncommon plant species for the survival of the langurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranging behavior and habitat utilization are important indicators of ecological influences on individual behavior. We collected data on the ranging behavior and habitat use of two groups of Assamese macaques ( Macaca assamensis) between September 2005 and August 2006 in a limestone habitat within Nonggang Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China. We evaluated the influences of spatial and temporal distribution of food resources on ranging behavior and habitat utilization. During the study period, total home range sizes for the two focus groups were 53 ha and 65 ha; mean daily path lengths were 590 m and 782 m, much smaller than those observed in other species of macaques. Assamese macaques did not use their home ranges uniformly. Fifty percent of location records occurred within 11% (group 1) and 13% (group 2) of their respective home ranges. A significant and positive correlation was found between the intensity of site use and the distribution of group feeding for both study groups. Macaques spent 71.1% of the daytime hours on cliffs during maintenance activities, including feeding. The differential utilization of the group's home range and more intense occupation of cliffs can be related to the spatial distribution of their staple food resources, the leaves of Indocalamus calcicolus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]