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The climate changes represent an important problem in today's society. Our study refers to the West Region of Romania, formed by the counties of Arad, Timis, Caras-Severin, Hunedoara, and it shows that there are significant differences regarding the climate changes between these counties. In our paper, we analyze the evolution of annual, respectively seasonal precipitations, and of the minimal, maximal and medium air temperatures in the considered region in the time frame 1991-2021. The statistical analysis of data shows an increase of the medium annual air temperatures, the observed changes being more pronounced in summer and winter. Beside the increase tendency of the air temperature in winter, one could observe also that the time of heat waves has become significantly longer in the West of Romania, such that the number of hot days is larger. An increase of the maximum length of the periods without precipitation has been observed over the last decades in the west during summer, as well as monthly anomalies of temperatures and precipitations. Annual estimates of the Climate Altering Land Cover Index are presented for the analyzed period and we observe that there is a positive correlation between these indices and the mean air temperature. In conditions of the climate changes, the mean summer precipitations will reduce in the coming decades, which will affect the management of water resources and the agriculture, which leads to the necessity of adjustment to the climate changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water crises have become more and more frequent in recent years. In fact, the ongoing climate changes have led very often to periods of drought, which, together with the increasing of groundwater exploitation, leads to a depletion of thess resources, which are fundamental for human life. Most of the most important springs, in the world, are located in karst areas. Specifically, for a large part of the Mediterranean region, karst springs play an essential role in water supply systems. The quantitative analysis of karst aquifers is therefore of primary importance, in order to undertake a sustainable management of groundwater resources. Monitoring the karst spring discharge during the entire hydrological year is recommended. When measurements are not possible, spring discharge estimation, should be done. In this study, authors monitored the Capodacqua di Spigno Spring from January 2018 to September 2020. They have measured the surplus discharges in the river near the spring, using a current-meter. It was thus possible to reconstruct the flow rate delivered by the spring for the entire monitoring period. The most important value to be considered, in groundwater management, is the minimum discharge that the spring supplies during the year. In this paper, an existing forecasting method, that uses the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), for the estimation of the minimum annual spring discharge, in the Capodacqua di Spigno Spring, was applied. The forecasting method using the SPI does not give any indication on the timing of the minimum flow rate. Using the recession curves, it was possible to estimate when the expected minimum will occur. The estimated minimum flow rates were compared with the measurements carried out and with the real flow rates supplied by the spring. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated how important is to associate discharge estimation methods with its monitoring. The comparative analysis in fact leads to a better knowledge of the spring drought phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the management of meteoric waters on the hearth of the localities taking into considerations the climatic changes. The proposed solutions follow the new European requirements for the promotion of the separative sewerage system concept. Also, localities that currently have a unitary sewerage system have to implement the European requirements for rainwater separation from domestic waters according to the available funds. Along with climate changes, the localities in Romania are facing high risk of floods on large area during heavy rainfall. The model of urban development of the localities led to the modification of the meteoric water drainage coefficient. This change makes visible the inability to accept the meteoric waters into the sewerage network. Solutions for the construction of centralized sewerage systems for the collection, transport, storage, use or disposal of meteoric waters are analyzed. According to the Water Framework Directive 2000/60 / EC, which reflects the sustainable water management strategies, water is not a commercial good, but a patrimony that must be protected, defended and treated as such. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change will lead to an intensification of the hydrological cycle and can have a major impact on regional water resources. A change in water volume and distribution will affect both groundwater and surface water reserves usable in industry, domestic activities, irrigation, navigation, aquatic ecosystems, hydropower and some recreational activities. Changes in the total amount of rainfall, in their frequency and intensity, directly affect the size and times of floods and droughts. The impacts of climate change will also depend on the basic conditions and the ability of water managers to respond to climate change, population growth and changing demand and technological, economic, social and legislative conditions. The paper presents an alternative for water supply in populated centers in situations of crisis or accidental pollution. Monitoring the public fountains from city has led to the finding that the underground water supplied by the public fountains keeps its quality throughout the year being better during the hot seasons of the year, which is highly appreciated by the consumers in the detriment of centralized water supply system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land management and spatial planning are closely linked to the adaptation of water management to climate change impacts. Land management has an influence on the ability of the soil to retain precipitation or flood water and sustainable land use can help to better manage risks related to both increased precipitation/flooding and water scarcity. Land and soil management can also realize significant synergies between climate change adaptation and mitigation. Agriculture as a key form of land use will play a crucial role in adaptive spatial planning approaches. Intensive agriculture in flood-prone areas is at risk of substantial economic loss in the case of flooding. On the other hand, the increased challenges for flood risk management will create a demand for new ways of accommodating flood water and managing flows, which may increase economic opportunities for water farming. There are sufficient reasons to understand land drainage arrangements importance. Drainage has been identified as the forgotten factor in sustaining a sustainable irrigated agriculture. Surface and subsurface drainage provides a lot of functions that meet some actual and challenging needs. Some of these functions are: resource base protection for food production; sustaining and increasing the yields and rural incomes; irrigation investment protection etc. This paper is based on an analysis of managing water excess in north-western Romania using Romanian expertise in this field but also the results from some bilateral projects between Romania, Norway and Iceland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last years presented in Romania large variations regarding the temperatures and precipitations regimes. The western part of this country (which includes and the Timis County) was affected several times by floods, phenomenons which were followed at very short periods of time by other water hazards. All of these phenomenons can be understand as results of climatic changes. This paper will present a study for the humidity excess in Bega Veche River Basin (western Romania) using new drainage software (Espadren, DrenVSubIr, Sisdrena) and integrated analysis flood system (IFAS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]