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This paper employs an MHD-PIC method to perform numerical simulations of magnetic-reconnection-driven turbulence and turbulent reconnection acceleration of particles. Focusing on the dynamics of the magnetic reconnection, the properties of self-driven turbulence, and the behavior of particle acceleration, we find the following: (1) When reaching a statistically steady state of the self-driven turbulence, the magnetic energy is almost released by 50%, while the kinetic energy of the fluid increases by no more than 15%. (2) The properties of reconnection-driven turbulence are more complex than the traditional turbulence driven by an external force. (3) The strong magnetic field tends to enhance the turbulent reconnection efficiency to accelerate particles more efficiently, resulting in a hard spectral energy distribution. Our study provides a particular perspective on understanding turbulence properties and turbulent-reconnection-accelerated particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: By analyzing COSMIC data, found more than 50% reduction in electron density during a solar eclipse at the F2-layer and above, with the peak of ∼70% at 370km. So great eclipse effect on topside ionosphere was very abnormal and much different from previous studies. However, by comparing the cosmic data with IRI results, we find that the abnormal reduction comes mainly from the significant local time variation at sunrise, not from the eclipse effect. Furthermore, we simulated the eclipse effect by using a theoretical model to confirm our analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The ship recycling industry has grown over the years, and it has become a major source of revenue for some developing states. Grave occupational and environmental problems have been associated with the industry during its growth in such countries. Due to growing occupational and environmental concerns, the International Maritime Organization adopted the Hong Kong Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ship in 2009. This paper examines the existing shipbreaking regime in India, to determine, if the Recycling Act, 2019 contributes anything new to the existing framework, in terms of environmental protection. Even though the Act is a positive step towards making the ship recycling industry greener in India, a lot depends on the regulation and rules that may be developed to complement the Act. Therefore, its long-term benefits to the environment will have to be revisited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This short note is a reply to the comments by on the paper by that is concerned with the eclipse time observation of ionospheric TEC and electron density. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Using GIS software and based on exposure-response functions, this paper estimated the health-related economic losses that China suffered in 2009 due to the presence of particulate matter (PM10). The results show that China suffered a health-related economic loss due to PM10 of US$ 106.5billion, or 2.1% of China''s GDP, for the year 2009. Some urban areas, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing, and Changsha, reported large health-related economic losses due to PM10, with a value of US$ 1.5million per square kilometre or greater. Some parts of Beijing, Ji''nan, and Chongqing reported health-related economic losses due to PM10 as being greater than 4% of the 2009 GDP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: In June 2009, the World Health Organization declared an influenza pandemic associated with the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 strain. It was summer in the northern hemisphere, and therefore travelling and vacation time, which also provided an increased opportunity for the dissemination of respiratory diseases. Methodology: We reviewed the paper case report forms from all the patients with influenza-like illnesses with nasopharyngeal samples submitted for laboratory diagnosis of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection during the first wave of pandemic influenza that occurred between June and August 2009, in the central region of Portugal. Results: From all the patients with influenza-like illnesses, one third was found positive for pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Individuals under the age of 29 (75%) were the most affected. Most of the patients (91%) presented with fever. A group of symptoms were positively correlated with the probability of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection: cough, epistaxis, lack of dyspnea or vomiting, fever, headache and myalgia. Conclusions: During the first wave of the pandemic influenza, young individuals were the most affected, and in the ambulatory setting, presentation was of a mild febrile illness without complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]