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Cancer has been responsible for high morbidity and mortality globally. The treatment of cancer is possible using different kinds of therapies using anticancer drugs if it is diagnosed at the right time. Nevertheless, their appropriate administration for maximum therapeutic effect and their elimination from the patient's body causing environmental problems are two big issues which could be successfully abated using molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) owing to their unique features. In this review, we have compiled and discussed the works on the determination and controlled release of anticancer drugs based on MIPs. We also highlighted the current challenges and remedies, and the future direction of MIPs in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apart from being a vital catecholamine molecule responsible for the proper functioning of central nervous system (CNS), hormonal and renal systems, dopamine (DA) has also been increasingly employed as a functional monomer in the fabrication of surface molecular imprinting of valuable analytes, especially for proteins. The application of dopamine as functional monomer was inspired from mussel adhesion protein, its capability of self‐polymerization under weak alkaline aqueous solution resulting into thin biocompatible highly cross‐linked polydopmaine (PDA) film and cost‐effectiveness. Furthermore, it could adhere strongly on various (organic and inorganic) substrates without any attachment, and possesses plenty of noncovalent functionalities such as amino‐containing groups, hydroxyl‐containing groups and π‐π for further modifications. In this first ever review, we focused our attention on the utilization and influence of DA as a functional monomer in the fabrication of molecular imprinting and discussed it comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apart from being a vital catecholamine molecule responsible for the proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS), hormonal and renal systems, dopamine (DA) has also been increasingly employed as a functional monomer in the fabrication of surface molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) for valuable analytes. Herein, we demonstrate the effective imprinting of 6-thioguanine (6-TG), an anticancer drug, via mussel-inspired self-polymerization of dopamine conducted in a weakly alkaline solution over reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The polymerization of 6-TG resulted into a thin polydopamine (PDA) film of 8.4 nm thickness. Removal of 6-TG molecules from this imprinted PDA film created numerous cavities of 6-TG. The electrochemical investigation of MIP electrodes found an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward 6-TG with a significant decrease in the over-potential as compared to that of the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). This can be attributed to the graphene's distinct physical and chemical features such as subtle electronic characteristics, an attractive π–π interaction as well as the strong adsorptive capability of MIP films. This electrochemical sensor displayed a high selectivity owing to the specific imprinted cavities for adrenaline and worked well over a wide linear concentration range of adrenaline between 0.0015 and 50 μM with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.25 nM and good reproducibility and stability. Our system depicts excellent recoveries from 97.0% to 100.6% for two different samples of urine and thioguanine drugs. These results show the great potential of our system with multiple advantages, including convenient fabrication and optimization, high sensitivity and selectivity, high reproducibility and stability, and cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dopamine (DA) is a valuable neurotransmitter of enormous biological significance and it is widely distributed in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). DA has been known to play a critical role in the functioning of central nervous system (CNS), renal, and hormonal systems. It has been discovered that the lack of DA is associated with many clinical conditions including debilitating ailment, Schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. Many reliable methods have been reported for the accurate determination of DA, however, interferences from co-existing molecules such as ascorbic acid (AA), and Uric acid (UA) are inevitable. To overcome it, molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) is considered one of the best strategy owing to its pre-determined selectivity for an imprinted template. A considerable amount of research has been done on MIP based approach for DA determination. Furthermore, various types of ways including the utilization of conducting monomers, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and so on have been incorporated to enhance the signal response. In this review, we have not included the vast literature available for dopamine, instead, we have summarized the recent developments of MIP based strategies for the determination of DA using articles encompassing 2010 to till now as well as outlined the current challenges and developmental needs of MIP strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, the toxic and mutagenic functional monomers are employed to synthesize the MIP films. This work demonstrates the fabrication of molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensor for adrenaline using a green functional monomer, nicotinamide. The adrenaline imprinted film was electropolymerized over reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The as-synthesized sensors were characterized by SEM. The electrochemical analysis showed that the graphene-modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward adrenaline and the over-potential of adrenaline decreased significantly as compared to bare GCE which can be attributed to graphene's unique physical and chemical properties such as subtle electronic characteristics, attractive π–π interaction, and strong adsorptive capability of MIP film. The thickness of MIP was estimated to be 1.97 nm by coulometric analysis. This electrochemical sensor displays high selectivity owing to specific imprinted cavities for adrenaline and worked well over a wide linear concertation range of adrenaline between 0.015 μM and 40 μM with a detection limit (LOD) of 3 nM. The sensor offered good reproducibility (Relative standard deviation of 3.44%) and retained 94.6% of its initial response for over 40 days. Finally, excellent recoveries from 96.0% to 100.7% were obtained for two different samples of urine and adrenaline ampoules. Thus, this work holds great promise with numerous advantages including easy fabrication, high sensitivity and selectivity, high throughput and satisfactory reproducibility for adrenaline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Some open tubular (OT) molecule imprinted polymer (MIP) silica capillary columns have been prepared using atenolol, sulpiride, methyl benzylamine (MBA) and (1-naphthyl)-ethylamine (NEA) as templates by the pre-established generalized preparation protocol. The four MIP thin layers of different templates showed quite different morphologies. The racemic selectivity of each MIP column for the template enantiomers was optimized by changing eluent composition and pH. The template structural effects on chiral separation performance have been examined. This work verifies the versatility of the generalized preparation protocol for OT-MIP silica capillary columns by extending its boundary toward templates with basic functional group moieties. This study is the very first report to demonstrate a generalized MIP preparation protocol that is valid for both acidic and basic templates. The chiral separation performances of atenolol and sulpiride by the MIPs of this study were found better than or comparable to those of atenolol and sulpiride obtained by non-MIP separation techniques and those of some basic template enantiomers obtained by MIP based techniques. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]