Search

„Austrian Transition to Open Access (AT2OA)" ist ein Hochschulraumstrukturmittelprojekt zur Förderung von Open Access an den 21 öffentlichen Universitäten in Österreich mit der Laufzeit 2017–2020. AT2OA widmet sich in vier Teilprojekten den Themen (1) Analyse der Auswirkung einer Umstellung auf Open Access, (2) der Finanzierung von Open-Access-Übergangsmodellen, (3) dem Auf-, Ausbau und der Finanzierung von OA-Publikationsfonds und (4) der Förderung von OA-Publikationen und alternativen OA-Publikationsmodellen von Universitäten. The goal of the "Austrian Transition to Open Access (AT2OA)" project is to support the large-scale transformation of scientific publications from Closed to Open Access and to implement measures supporting this transformation. The project aims to increase Austria's Open Access publication output by restructuring licence agreements with publishers and by providing targeted support for researchers' publication activities. It will also establish new venues for Open Access publishing. The subprojects will examine the following topics: (1) Impact analysis of the transition to Open Access; (2) Funding for transitional Open Access business models; (3) Publication funds; (4) Support for Open Access publications and alternative Open Access publication models. These subprojects will be supplemented by networking and knowledge transfer activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present contribution informs about current projects and trends in Austrian librarianship in 2015. Network projects and cooperation projects are presented as well as important projects of the Austrian National Library and of the Council of Austrian University Libraries. Themes such as Open Access, research data, provenance research of Nazi looted property, library education, conferences, and publications of the Austrian Association of Librarians and library and information policy in Austria are mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present contribution relates about current projects and trends in Austrian librarianship in 2013. Network projects and cooperation projects are presented as well as important projects of the Austrian National Library and of the Council of Austrian University Libraries. Themes such as Open Access, provenance research of Nazilooted property, conferences and publications of the Austrian Association of Librarians and library and information policy in Austria are mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses developments in Austrian libraries in the years 2010 and 2011. Topics include network and cooperation projects including electronic media and Google books. Projects of the National Library are also presented as well as issues related to the libraries' public relations and various library associations' activities. in Austria.

This is the third in a series of articles exploring international trends in health science librarianship in the first decade of the 21st century. The invited authors were asked to reflect on developments in their country - viz. Austria, Belgium, France and the Netherlands. Future issues will track trends in the Nordic countries, Southern Europe and Latin America. JM [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instabilities can affect the quality of flux compression and other high-current experiments. The modeling of such experiments involves a number of numerical difficulties. One such difficulty is the selection of proper material property models. This paper investigates the effect of different electrical resistivity models on the development of the m = 0 instability in a single cylindrical conductor driven by a current typical of the Atlas generator. The nonlinear development of this magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instability can lead to current disruption. An important challenge for modeling is to predict the maximum magnetic field on a rod surface that can be obtained prior to disruption. This problem can also be generalized to the more complicated moving liner problem. LA series of 2-D MHD simulations was performed with the state-of-the-art MHRDR code to conduct a sensitivity study. Results indicate that the development and growth of m = 0 instability is sensitive to the resistivity models used. Furthermore, it was observed that models with lower values of resistivity near the metal-insulator transition produce higher growth-rate sausage instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the use of resonant laser scattering to detect ion plasma waves in multiply ionized, laser-produced plasma. Problems inherent in the detection of ion plasma waves; Minimization of frequency smearing of the scattered signal by plasma gradients; Comparison of the theoretical dispersion relation with the wave data.

Describes measurements of laser-plasma instability relevant to ignition hohlraums. Importance of the potential for laser-plasma instability for indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion; Calculation of the spatial growth of convective instability by accounting for laser speckles; Assumption of pump depletion as the only saturation mechanism.

An understanding of material phase transitions in megaampere pulsed-power–driven exploding conductors is important for predicting the growth of hydrodynamic instabilities in magneto-inertial fusion concepts. This study analyzes phase transitions in electrical conductor explosions using 1D Lagrangian and 2D arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations to show that micrometer-scale surface roughness can lead to the electrothermal instability (ETI), a feedback effect that concentrates resistive heating and leads to early melting and ablation. Simulations of the Mykonos electrothermal instability II (METI-II) experiment show melting begins 19% sooner for machined rods with micrometer-scale surface roughness than for rods without these features. The surface magnetic field is 41 T around the initial region of melt, representing a lower magnitude than both the 86 T from 1D simulations and the 85 T threshold reported elsewhere. In 2D simulations with micrometer-scale surface roughness, temperature measurements indicate the critical point temperature of aluminum is reached 17% faster in comparison with 1D simulations. Values from 2D simulations with surface roughness align with predictions from ETI theory, and the observed temperature redistribution further supports the ETI as an underlying mechanism. Simulation results are validated against experimental photonic Doppler velocimetry data. This study shows 1D simulations are adequate to model conductors with sub-micrometer-scale surface roughness in this high-energy-density regime; however, 2D or 3D simulations are required to capture the full range of physics for accurately describing phase transitions in conductors with micrometer-scale or larger surface roughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma formation from thick Al rods ohmically heated during the diffusion of pulsed multimegagauss magnetic field is examined experimentally. Rods in the Z-pinch configuration are driven to 1.0-MA peak current. The evolution of the resultant surface plasma is complex yet highly reproducible. Surface plasmas first form at discrete hot spots. As the pulsed current grows, plasma filaments form, first along the current, and then transverse to it. As the plasma temperature rises, emissions become increasingly uniform until instabilities grow and modulate the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An alternative concept for fusion energy production is magnetized target fusion using metal liners to compress a mixture of magnetic flux and plasma fuel. In liner flux compression experiments, megagauss fields are produced at peak compression that heats the surfaces of aluminum walls of the liner cavity. Some radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling indicates that plasma formation should occur between 3 and 5 MG; however, such modeling depends on assumed material properties, which are a topic of ongoing research. Load hardware and diagnostics have been developed to study metal vapor and plasma formation on aluminum surfaces subjected to pulsed megagauss fields on the University of Nevada Zebra facility. The experiment is designed to study this interesting threshold for plasma formation. A current of 1 MA is pulsed along a stationary central rod to generate magnetic fields of 2-4 MG. The goal is to observe and diagnose the formation of metal vapor and plasma in the vicinity of the rod. The simple geometry enables easy access by diagnostics, which include magnetic sensors, filtered photodiode measurements, optical imaging, and laser schlieren, shadowgraphy, and interferometry. From these measurements, the magnetic field, the temperature of the surface metal plasma, the radiation field, and the growth of instabilities can be inferred. The diagnostics are time resolved to individually examine the distinct phases of heating, surface plasma formation predicted by radiation MHD modeling, and instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the field-reversed configuration heating experiment (FRCHX) is to obtain a better understanding of the fundamental scientific issues associated with high-energy density laboratory plasmas (HEDLPs) in strong, closed-field-line magnetic fields. These issues have relevance to such topics as magneto-inertial fusion, laboratory astrophysical research, and intense radiation sources, among others. To create HEDLP conditions, a field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma of moderate density is first formed via reversed-field theta pinch. It is then translated into a cylindrical aluminum flux conserver (solid liner), where it is trapped between two magnetic mirrors and then compressed by the magnetically driven implosion of the solid liner. A requirement is that, once the FRC is stopped within the solid liner, the trapped flux inside the FRC must persist while the compression process is completed. With the present liner dimensions and implosion drive bank parameters, the total time required for implosion is \sim25~\mus . Lifetime measurements of recent FRCHX FRCs indicate that trapped lifetimes following capture are now approaching \sim14~\mus (and therefore, total lifetimes after formation are now approaching \sim19~\mus ). By separating the mirror and translation coil banks into two so that the mirror fields can be set lower initially, the liner compression can now be initiated 7–9 \mus before the FRC is formed. A discussion of FRC lifetime-limiting mechanisms and various experimental approaches to extending the FRC lifetime will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A series of experiments to study the behavior of thick wires (0.5–2 mm in diameter) driven by currents of about 1 MA has recently been conducted on the Zebra facility at the University of Nevada, Reno. The objective of these experiments was to study plasma formation on the surface of conductors under the influence of megagauss magnetic fields. Laser shadowgraphy, filtered optical and extreme ultraviolet photodiodes, and extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy used in the experiments provided data on radial expansion of wires and on plasma radiation. This paper focuses on numerical simulations of these experiments. Simulations with wires having diameters up to 1.6 mm demonstrated plasma formation with temperatures above 3 eV, which is in preliminary agreement with the experiment. For 2-mm-diameter wires, although plasma can be observed in the simulations, it has substantially smaller optical thickness than in the simulations of the smaller diameter wires, and the radiation fluxes prove to be much lower. This can shed light on the experimental results where the radiation of the 2-mm wires was very weak. The simulated time dependences of the wire radii agree rather well with the experimental results obtained using laser diagnostics and visible-light imaging. The experimental data of the photodiodes also agree well with the simulated time dependence of the detected radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Examines the onset of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Variation of the effective F number of the optical system used to irradiate a performed longitudinally uniform hydrocarbon (CH) plasma; Quantitative comparison between theory and experiment; Implications for the National Ignition Facility.