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Virtual patients have long been established as part of medical training. With their help, students can develop their therapeutic and diagnostic skills under conditions that are as realistic as possible, without any risk for a patient. While model or dummy simulations represent a standard in dentistry for the training of manual skills, computer-based, interactive simulations of virtual patient cases in this field are rarely described. Some of these systems have been designed for a limited purpose and do not permit a flexible and reusable design of virtual patients, or only permit it with restrictions. The MedBiquitous standard offers solutions for this purpose. This has proven itself in the medical field as a basis for virtual patient simulations. It offers an expandable structure for the data of virtual patients and describes fundamental algorithms of associated simulation software. In this paper, virtual patient player simulation software for interactive emergency training in dentistry is developed on the basis of the MedBiquitous model. As an example, a first virtual patient was created. MedEmergency Player enables action-focussed simulation without rigidly predefined linear or branched treatment pathways, unlike existing systems and the previous use of the MedBiquitous standard. The user directly experiences and examines the reactions as with a real patient [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Zwangsbeanspruchungen auf geotechnische Bauwerke infolge Quellen von feinkörnigen Böden. Anhand von Versuchsergebnissen an neu entwickelten Ödometergeräten werden für einen quellfähigen teilgesättigten Kaolinit-Ton das Volumenänderungsverhalten sowie die einhergehenden Spannungsänderungen in Abhängigkeit von dem Sättigungsgrad und der Porenzahl untersucht. Aus den Versuchsergebnissen werden empirische Beziehungen hergeleitet, die in ein allgemeines Finite-Element-Programm implementiert werden. Mit diesem Modell werden anschließend die Zwängungen auf ein im Boden eingebettetes Gründungselement als Konsequenz der Feuchteausbreitung analysiert. Swelling behaviour of a partially saturated kaolinite clay: Laboratory tests, model and numerical simulation. The paper addresses the constraints imposed on geotechnical structures due to swelling of fine-grained soils. The volume change behaviour and the associated changes in the stress state for an expansive kaolinite clay are experimentally investigated in specially developed oedometer devices in dependence on the degree of saturation and void ratio. Empirical relationships are derived from the test results that are implemented in a finite element code. Using this model, the constaints imposed on a foundation element embedded in this soil due to moisture diffusion are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]