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Rods glued into cross laminated timber – experiments, numerical simulation and load capacity prediction Timber construction is currently pushing new boundaries in terms of dimensions and architectural possibilities, as shown by the increasing number of high‐rise buildings. This is made possible by high‐performance connections, such as glued‐in rods (GiR, with rods made of steel and fibre reinforced polymers), and wood materials, such as cross‐laminated timber (CLT), which consists of several layers of boards glued flat and crosswise to each other, or glued‐laminated timber (GLT) where all layers are glued together in the same orientation. This paper highlights the current state of the art of GiR glued into CLT and gives an overview of recent experimental and numerical results. The similarities, but also the differences, between GiR glued into CLT and GLT, which result from the different orientation of the individual layers, are shown. Another focus is on the prediction of the connection load‐carrying capacity, for which only very few approaches are currently available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ultimate limit state of retaining structures with vertical loads considers in general diverse degrees of mobilization for vertical earth pressures independent from vertical displacements of the wall. The vertical component of the earth pressure on the earth-retaining site is coupled to the classical design. Shifting the design to the partial safety factor concept has shown an increasing significance of the vertical bearing capacity of earth retaining structures. In this paper, the mobilization of the vertical resistance of retaining walls is investigated with numerical methods and it can be shown that for the ultimate limit state a decoupling of the vertical resistance from horizontal stress states due to the classical design is reasonable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Zwangsbeanspruchungen auf geotechnische Bauwerke infolge Quellen von feinkörnigen Böden. Anhand von Versuchsergebnissen an neu entwickelten Ödometergeräten werden für einen quellfähigen teilgesättigten Kaolinit-Ton das Volumenänderungsverhalten sowie die einhergehenden Spannungsänderungen in Abhängigkeit von dem Sättigungsgrad und der Porenzahl untersucht. Aus den Versuchsergebnissen werden empirische Beziehungen hergeleitet, die in ein allgemeines Finite-Element-Programm implementiert werden. Mit diesem Modell werden anschließend die Zwängungen auf ein im Boden eingebettetes Gründungselement als Konsequenz der Feuchteausbreitung analysiert. Swelling behaviour of a partially saturated kaolinite clay: Laboratory tests, model and numerical simulation. The paper addresses the constraints imposed on geotechnical structures due to swelling of fine-grained soils. The volume change behaviour and the associated changes in the stress state for an expansive kaolinite clay are experimentally investigated in specially developed oedometer devices in dependence on the degree of saturation and void ratio. Empirical relationships are derived from the test results that are implemented in a finite element code. Using this model, the constaints imposed on a foundation element embedded in this soil due to moisture diffusion are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]