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Background: Surgical further training faces the challenging task of reconciling technological advancements and patient safety, particularly in the context of the planned hospital reform. Additionally, the generation shift and evolving expectations of Generations Y and Z in the workplace present further challenges. In response to these demands, the Berlin-Brandenburg Surgical Society (Berlin-Brandenburgische Chirurgische Gesellschaft, BCG) initiated a structured discussion and developed a position paper during the Neuhardenberg talks (Neuhardenberger Gespräche). Methodology: Within the framework of the Neuhardenberg talks, four sessions with keynote presentations and discussions took place. Based on the main discussion points, theses and positions were subsequently formulated and digitally voted on. Results: The results reveal a clear consensus favoring flexible working hours models, earlier specialization options and the integration of external rotations in surgical further training. Regarding talent acquisition and early recruitment of residents, there was a clear consensus supporting the promotion of employee engagement and structured early recruitment of students. There was unanimous agreement on the introduction of training associations as an effective means to ensure high-quality surgical further training. Discussion: One of the central points in the discussions was that high-quality surgical further training will only be achievable within training associations, especially given the impending hospital reform. The BCG plans to develop a modular further training association to make surgical further training in Berlin/Brandenburg fit for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Even now the further training in surgery faces considerable challenges. The planned hospital structural reform will result in new bureaucratic and organizational hurdles, which could lead to a considerable loss of quality in advanced surgical training across all disciplines. Objective: The aim of this position paper is to describe the current and future challenges for advanced surgical training and to identify possible approaches and opportunities for the further development against the background of the planned hospital structural reform. Material and methods: For the development of this position paper a committee of representatives of the Young Forums of the German surgical societies identified and critically discussed current problems and challenges of the present residency training system and formulated a list of demands for a sustainable residency training concept. Results: The planned shift to outpatient treatment and centralization were identified as central challenges for surgical residency training. Surgical training must be considered consistently and from the outset in all political reform efforts. In addition to a transparent and cost-appropriate financing of residency training, we call for the involvement of all German surgical societies in the reform process. Furthermore, the social framework conditions for junior surgeons should be considered. Conclusion: The structural change in the hospital landscape in Germany, which is being forced by politicians, harbors the risk of a further loss of quality and experience in surgical treatment and training. At the same time, the planned hospital reform offers a unique opportunity to address existing problems and challenges in surgical training and to consider them as a starting point for structural changes which are fit for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Maternity Protection Act is intended to protect the mother and the child from hazards, excessive demands and damage to health in the workplace, and from financial disadvantages and loss of employment. However, the objectives defined by the Maternity Protection Act—the safety and health of the pregnant employee on the one hand and the prevention of disadvantages in working life on the other—are not yet adequately achieved in the intensive care unit (ICU). Implementation of the Maternity Protection Act to the benefit of all involved parties should also be promoted in the specialist areas represented by the DIVI, in particular the work of pregnant physicians and nursing staff and other working specialists (respiratory therapists, physiotherapists, speech therapists, psychotherapists, and social workers) in the ICU. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of the need to consider each pregnant and breastfeeding staff member individually and to work together to find a personal solution for continuing to work in the ICU. Possible ways and solutions to achieve this goal are outlined and practical examples are given for implementation in everyday clinical routine. These are also based on comprehensive presentation of activities according to a traffic light color-code system for all occupational groups. Arguments against pregnant employees working in the ICU are discussed and possible solutions are presented [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Journal for Individual Psychology plans to announce the topics for the upcoming issues and invites interested authors to submit articles. The topics for the upcoming issues are Education II, Research Methods, Conference Proceedings Annual Conference DGIP 2024, "Cancel Culture" - Identity Search through Power Struggles?, Literature and Individual Psychology, and "In Touch" - Between Abstinence and Touch. The submissions will undergo an anonymous peer review. The deadlines for submissions for the different issues are June 1, 2024, September 1, 2024, December 1, 2024, March 1, 2025, June 1, 2025, and September 1, 2025. [Extracted from the article]

The Journal for Individual Psychology plans to announce the topics for the upcoming issues and invites interested authors to submit articles. The topics for the upcoming issues are: professionalization issues in further education and the role of science, education II, research methods, conference booklet for the annual conference of DGIP 2024, and "Cancel Culture" - identity search through power-seeking? The submissions will be reviewed anonymously. The deadlines for submission for each issue are indicated. [Extracted from the article]

In 1785, Joseph II set out to introduce „a new judicial order" (Novus ordo iudiciarius) in the Kingdom of Hungary and its neighbouring lands (Regnum Hungariae partes et eiusdem adnexas), as well as the Grand Principality of Transylvania (Magnus Principatus Transilvaniae). As a result of the Emperor's comprehensive and rapid judicial reform, which went against the historical constitution of the country and was therefore opposed by Hungarian and Transylvanian estates, new subordinate or subaltern (first-instance) courts (iudicia subalterna) were established in Hungary and Transylvania. On 1 September 1787, 38 courts in the Kingdom of Hungary and its neighbouring lands and 11 courts in the Grand Principality of Transylvania officially had to start their operation. The new judicial bodies took over the place of the former country courts (sedes iudiciariae i. e., sedriae), which were terminated on 31 August 1787. Although the iudicia subalterna were „short-lived" because the entire judicial system known as Novus ordo or Justitia Josephina collapsed in 1790, shortly after the death of Joseph II, the more in-depth examination of the josefinist first-instance courts is still considered a research field that has not been fully explored yet. However, the new judicial reform removed the sedriae, in fact, the distinction between iudicia subalterna and sedriae was not as sharp as it appeared, at first glance, from the rules related to the new first-instance courts. By analyzing archival sources of some iudicia subalterna and relevant secondary literature, the paper aims to shed light on the dual nature of these courts. The research uses the term „two-faced" to describe how the dividing line between iudicia subalterna and sedriae, royal court and municipal court, politica and iuridica could become blurred in Novus ordo. To illustrate this phenomenon, the paper primarily relies on the general concepts applied in studies that focus on the history of the court system and it uses the various names of the iudicia subalterna as a guideline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD), a fundamental change in psychiatric care in Germany was proposed in 2019 by Zinkler and von Peter, supported by a legal perspective from Kammeier, which has since led to controversial debates. Essentially, the aim is not only to reduce coercion in psychiatry to a minimum, but also to fundamentally exclude it in a psychiatry that only provides care. The function as an agent of social control is to be returned from psychiatry to state institutions. Psychiatric hospitals will only admit patients with their consent; patients who refuse therapy will not be admitted regardless of their capacity for self-determination and will remain untreated or, if they have committed a criminal offence or threaten to commit a criminal offence, they will be taken into custody or imprisoned in accordance with the legal regulations applicable to all people. There they will receive psychiatric care if they so wish. Aim of the paper: The paper outlines the background of this concept, including international sources, traces the discussion in German specialist literature and takes a critical look at it. Results: The criticism is primarily directed against the fact that responsibility for a relevant proportion of psychiatric patients would be handed over to the police and judiciary and that, as a result, two realities of care would be established that would considerably differ in terms of quality. Conclusion: Arguments are put forward in favor of retaining the function of social control and considerations are suggested as to how caring coercion can be largely minimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars usually understand Κύρια Δόξα (ΚΔ) 33 as an antiplatonic polemic. This paper denies the communis opinio. First, it argues for an ontological reading of the maxim according to which justice (understood as virtue) is not a body but a property. Second, it shows that the Stoics hold the very thesis disputed in ΚΔ 33, namely that virtue is a body. This makes the Stoa the natural target of the maxim. Finally, the paper deals with De rerum natura I.464-482: here Lucretius criticizes nameless opponents with regard to the thesis that events are to be understood as bodies. If these opponents can be identified with the Stoics, as is usually assumed, there is further evidence besides ΚΔ 33 that the Epicureans engaged with the Stoic thesis of corporealism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting with cultural-scientific research on family albums and what they have in common with the New Testament, this paper invites us to reflect upon what changes when we look at questions of New Testament introduction through the lens of social memory theory. Building on the research of Oral History and Cultural Memory Theory, it is argued that general introduction (allgemeine Einleitung) falls into the realm of cultural memory, while special introduction (spezielle Einleitung) falls into the realm of social/collective memory, and that both are divided by the floating gap. This, in turn, explains some of the developments of the first half of the second century. In the next step, the paper combines a model building on the three-generational-memory, the generational gap (after one generation), the floating gap (after three to four generations), and the first generations of Jesus-followers, with conventional suggestions for dating New Testament books and draws first conclusions from this synopsis. It turns out that the genres used before and after the generational gap exhibit different characteristics, which fit scholarly expectations for media of social and collective memory. The paper closes with general questions about media and media changes in the New Testament, i.e. orality and scribality, identical texts and textual criticism, the canon as the primary context, the extension of the scope and genre-fluidity, concluding that social memory theory does indeed provide new perspectives for New Testament introduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The position paper of the State Student Council for Everyday Culture and Health at the Pedagogical Universities in Baden-Württemberg demands that the subject Everyday Culture, Nutrition, Social Affairs (AES) be mandatory for all students in secondary level I in the educational plan. The subject should teach students skills for a health-promoting and sustainable everyday life. Currently, AES is only provided as an elective subject starting from 7th grade, which means that not all students have access to this subject. The position paper also argues that a general inclusion of AES in the curriculum would not only benefit the students but also the economy and society. It is pointed out that AES offers relevant educational opportunities for the guiding perspectives of prevention and health promotion, education for sustainable development, and consumer education. Furthermore, it is emphasized that AES can also contribute to raising awareness for gender equality and career orientation in the care sector. The position paper "AES for all" argues that the subject Everyday Culture, Nutrition, Social Affairs (AES) should be mandatory for all students starting from 5th grade. AES lays the foundation for career orientation in the fields of social work, household services, health and care, education and training. A mandatory inclusion of AES could contribute to strengthening career orientation in these areas and alleviate the shortage of teachers. [Extracted from the article]

The paper discusses the connection of the foundational economy approach, a contemporary concept in the public services discourse, with the notion of spatial justice. It argues that the economic relevance of the systems of the foundational economy are important for territorial development issues, too and that they are able to provide a substantial contribution to sustainable and just spatial development. First, the concept of spatial justice is introduced as a spatial planning policy interpretation of equal living conditions. Based on four sub-dimensions, it is shown that access to basic services for all people plays an elementary part in this. The concept shares this perspective with the foundational economy approach. The latter opens up a new perspective on public services and, in addition to the service provision, also emphasises the high significance of foundational economic systems for labour markets. Against this background, a descriptive-statistical evaluation of labour market data on the spatial distribution of the foundational economy at the district level in Bavaria is carried out. Overall, the paper addresses the uneven spatial distribution of the foundational economies and advocates better funding for municipalities in order to achieve spatial justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article contains a list of contact persons of the DMV (German Mathematical Society) at various German universities and colleges. It also mentions some dissertation topics and their supervisors. Furthermore, scientific papers and research projects by mathematicians at various universities are listed. Information about the DMV, its board and presidency, as well as contact details and membership fees, are also provided. However, no further information is given about the content of the papers or research projects. [Extracted from the article]

Translation abstract Deformation monitoring of bridges applying remote sensing satellite radar measurementsDeformations of the Earth's surface can be measured from space using remote sensing radar interferometry (InSAR). This paper demonstrates the use of these data for deformation monitoring on the Schottwienbrücke‐S6 Semmering motorway. The European Space Agency (ESA) recently began providing free research satellite data from the Sentinel‐1 mission. The approach uses historically recorded natural reflection points as well as corner reflectors artificially attached to the structure. These are measured coordinately and analyzed using remote sensing methods. Thermal displacements of the structure are compensated to increase accuracy. A new model predicts the temperature of the structure based on network weather data. This means that the deformation measurements from the satellites can be analyzed and thermally compensated without sensors on the building, and the deviations can be more than halved. The recorded and processed annual measurements from 2022 onwards show a standard deviation of 1.7 to 3.0 mm compared to the reference system (Liquid Leveling System). Good agreement with the long‐term settlement behavior of the bridge was also found for natural reflection points. Satellites can also be used to simultaneously record different structures at 6‐day intervals up to 2016. Due to the time‐delayed processing, they are currently well suited for long‐term deformation monitoring of long‐span bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation abstract Legitimation of circular timber constructionThe sustainability principle requires that only as much wood is removed from the forest as will grow back in the same period. The annual harvest volume available for use in construction is therefore limited, also in view of the fact that other sectors of the economy are increasingly relying on the raw material. Accordingly, the aim is to maximise carbon storage as the sum of the carbon bound in the forest and the material use of wood. For the construction industry, this means maximising the longevity of building components by using wood as a resource in a circularly effective way. On the one hand, this paper presents the strategic approach to increasing the circularity of timber construction. On the other hand, the climate‐relevant proof of the necessity of circularly effective construction is provided and demonstrated using a dynamic balancing method. For this purpose, it is shown for resource consumption and global warming potential how circularly effective construction can be quantified in principle and in particular with wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Paper deals with the importance of the Slovak influence (the role of Hungarian law and Slovak commissions) in the and recodification of civil law in Czechoslovakia for the time period 1918-1948 using the example of inheritance law. Firstly, different approaches in private law legislation after 1918 are presented (discontinuity, compromise, continuity with Hungarian law, continuity with Austrian law). Secondly, attention is paid to the inspiration of Slovak (Hungarian) law in the course of the recodification of inheritance law, which together with family law was one of the areas differing the most in the Czech lands and Slovakia, while receiving the most attention in the literature of the time and compared to other areas of civil law, which also influenced the further legal development the most significantly (Slovak law, the preparation of the Civil Code of 1950, the interwar curricula of 1931 and 1936/37, as well as the preparation of the Civil Code of 2012). In particular, the issues discussed in the so-called Slovak commissions (the Commission for the Civil Law established in Bratislava in 1922 and partly also the Commission under the Justice Commission for the Codification and Unification of Civil Law established in 1946), such as the acquisition of inheritance, incapacity to inherit (crime against the testator, the status of members of religious orders, adulterers and deserters), waiver of the right of inheritance, oral will, testamentary succession, protection of the surviving wife, extraordinary right of inheritance of legatees, determining the value of the gift by collation, transfer of the testator's debts, contract of inheritance, war will, annulment of last will and testament and protection of illegitimate children. The ABGB was chosen as the basis for the recodification, which was only to be modernised (mainly the codification of Austrian law, its applicability to the majority of the population of the new state and its familiarity with Slovak lawyers were the reasons given for the preference of Austrian law), however, the law in force in Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia was also to be taken into account. However, the reality was different, and the comments of the Slovak Commissions were only marginally taken into account. The dismissive attitude towards Slovak law and, indirectly, towards Slovak lawyers was also one of the reasons why only partial unification took place in the interwar era and the Civil Code was not adopted in the end. Comprehensive unification of private law, which followed the interwar recodification (albeit to a limited extend), only took place after the communist overturn within the framework of the so-called legal biennium from 1948 to 1950, which took real account of the Slovak legal situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On September 17, 2023, the Jewish Medieval Heritage in Erfurt was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List at the 45th session of the World Heritage Committee chaired by Saudi Arabia in Riyadh. This brought a decades-long process to its provisional conclusion, in which research into the history of the Jewish community in Erfurt in the Middle Ages and its material evidence had been intensified in preparation for the World Heritage application and also during the evaluation, thus leading to a great increase in knowledge. This process should and must continue, but an (interim) conclusion can be drawn in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the history of the Graß or Graß and Barth publishing house in Breslau from the eighteenth to the middle of the nineteenth century. In particular, it tackles the role of women in the management and the involvement of the printing house in the dissemination of Haskalah literature, two chapters that are usually underrepresented in book history. In addition, the commitment of a Christian printer to Hebrew printing and his involvement with the Jewish Enlightenment will be addressed. The hitherto under-researched history of the Graßische Druckerei in Breslau will thus be embedded in cultural-historical questions about booklore, the Central European Haskalah and Gender Studies. Additionally, the paper examines the transfer of knowledge between the majority and minority population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the use of the term "shamanism" in archaeology and develops criteria for identifying shamanism in archaeological contexts. The focus is on the site of Göbekli Tepe, which offers rich iconographic finds and serves as a case study. It discusses whether Göbekli Tepe can be interpreted as shamanistic and whether it is a place of institutionalized religion. The description describes a shamanic healing ceremony among the Evenki. The shaman makes contact with the spirit world during an altered state of consciousness and is accompanied by helping spirits. Shamanism is seen as a practice that encompasses various tasks such as healing, divination, and the preservation of myths and traditions. Shamanism can be found in various cultures and social contexts and is based on animistic ontologies that emphasize a close relationship between humans and animals. The boundaries between humans and animals can be crossed, but this also carries dangers. Animistic ontologies determine the conception and representation of the world and can be recognizable in archaeological finds. The text describes the relief images and anthropomorphic sculptures at the early Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe in Turkey. The relief images depict various animals such as snakes, birds, bears, and leopards, with the movements of the animals often aligned with the center of the buildings. The sculptures are more naturalistic and use stylization techniques, especially in the depiction of faces. The faces have a T-shaped forehead and nose and show different expressions through the depiction of eyes and mouth. The bodies of the sculptures follow certain principles of representation, such as unnaturally curved arms and oversized hands. Other anthropomorphic sculptures from Göbekli Tepe show similar features to the Urfa figure, such as leaning back of the head and looking upwards. There are also zoomorphic sculptures, of which 102 are currently known. The animal representations at Göbekli Tepe are mainly limited to felids (probably leopards: 30), wild boars (21), and birds (12). Other animals such as bears (4), turtles (3), aurochs (2), and rams (1) are less common. Larger sculptures are usually identifiable to the species, while smaller representations (10 cm and below) are often generic "quadrupeds." The animal representations exhibit certain features such as detailed heads of felids and wild boars with emphasized teeth and tusks. The bodies often have few details, while the ribs are strongly emphasized in some animals. The study deals with shamanism at the early Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe in Turkey. Various depictions of shamans and shamanic practices are analyzed, including the use of masks, garments, and staffs. It is noted that shamanism played an important role in the early Neolithic period of Göbekli Tepe. The study examines various artifacts that indicate a connection to shamanism at the early Neolithic Göbekli Tepe. "Nemrik scepters" are mentioned, which may have been shamanic staffs. There are also indications of musical instruments such as bullroarers and flutes that had a ritual function. In addition, sculptures are discussed that may represent spiritual beings, as well as amulets, jewelry, and other objects associated with shamanic practices. [Extracted from the article]

The article describes a cultural and chronological analysis of artifacts from the late La Tène period, which were discovered in the Prosna and Warta rivers in Poland. Imported items such as brooches, painted ceramics, mirrors, and knot rings were found, while coins and blacksmithing products were locally produced. Gold coins were also found in the Janków II settlement, indicating the presence of a mint. In addition, rich graves of blacksmiths and armed individuals were discovered, indicating a flourishing power center of the Celtic Rix. The findings suggest that the area between the Prosna and Warta rivers was controlled by a Celtic faction within the Przeworsk culture at the end of the La Tène period. [Extracted from the article]

The study examines changes in cattle farming between the Iron Age and the Roman period in the Netherlands. There are regional differences in the frequency, management, size, and shape of cattle. The western and northern regions had higher proportions of cattle, while the southern region had the lowest proportions. The size of cattle did not significantly increase until the Roman period, and only in the regions that were part of the Roman Empire. There are also differences in gender ratios and the size of cattle in different regions and time periods. The size of cattle generally increases during the early and middle Roman period. There are also regional differences, with the southern region having the largest cattle, possibly due to intensive agriculture. The use of cow's milk was limited and decreased during the Roman period. Overall, the study shows that Roman occupation had an influence on cattle farming, particularly on the size of the animals and their use as meat suppliers and draft animals. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Cardiac biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N‑terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are measured perioperatively to improve the prognosis and risk prediction. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC), European Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) and the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI) have recently published guidelines on the use of cardiac biomarkers prior to surgery. Objective/research question: This article provides an overview of the available evidence on perioperative troponin and BNP/NT-proBNP measurements. Current guideline recommendations are presented and discussed. Material and methods: MEDLINE, Cochrane and google.scholar were searched for relevant keywords. Titles and abstracts of identified papers were checked for relevance and published results were summarized. Guideline recommendations from the ESC, ESAIC and DGAI are presented, compared and evaluated based on the available literature. In addition, the significance of new perioperative cardiac biomarkers is discussed based on the existing evidence. Results: The definitions, diagnosis and management of cardiovascular events in the perioperative context differ from those in the nonsurgical setting. The evidence for the measurement of hs-cTn and BNP/NT-proBNP is evaluated differently in the guidelines and the resulting recommendations are partly contradictory. In particular, recommendations for changes in perioperative management based on biomarker measurements diverge. The ESC guidelines propose an algorithm that uses preoperative biomarkers as the basis for additional cardiac investigations. In particular, invasive coronary angiography is recommended for patients with stable chronic coronary syndrome who have no preoperative cardiac symptoms but elevated biomarkers. In contrast, the ESAIC guidelines emphasize that the available evidence is not sufficient to use perioperative biomarker measurements as a basis for a change in perioperative management. Discussion: Treating physicians should coordinate interdisciplinary (surgery, anesthesiology, cardiology) recommendations for clinical practice based on the aforementioned guidelines. If cardiac biomarkers are routinely determined in high-risk patients, this should be done in accordance with the ESC algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a reply to George Pattison's magistral triology on a "Philosophy of Christian Life" – focusing on its second part: "A Rhetorics of the Words" (2019). The paper offers an analysis of the main concept, namely the 'call' or the 'vocation'. This leads to three basic questions concerning the lack of vocation's communal character in Pattison's account; his one-sided inclination to pessimism in his cultural critique; and, the only marginal role that other articulations than the call might play within a "devout life" and its ambivalent authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article "Two Coptic grammatical morphemes of unknown origin" Carsten Peust discusses the etymology of two Coptic morphemes whose origin has remained unclear until today. These are the n-prefix of the so-called adjective verbs and the particle ⲡⲉ, which often accompanies the preterite converter. It is suggested that both have arisen through a false segmentation of contexts in which their predecessors typically occurred. The use of these morphemes is a distinguishing criterion between Demotic and Neo-Egyptian Egyptian. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Learning Through Practice: On How Kemyt Contributed to Crafting and Transmitting Scribal Knowledge" by Aurore Motte examines the practices of ancient Egyptian scribes and how they transmitted their knowledge. It analyzes the structure of the Kemyt text and the choice of ink and writing direction used. It is determined that there was a complex network of scribes who contributed to the development and transmission of written knowledge. The Kemyt text has been found in various materials and regions of Egypt and describes different features of the Kemyt specimens found in Deir el-Medina. Various types of corrections and revisions in Egyptian literary texts are also described. The texts demonstrate the changes in literary culture during the New Kingdom. Various aspects of Egyptian script and language are also addressed. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The healthcare sector is responsible for 5.2% of CO2 emissions in Germany. The prescribing of medicines is a significant contributor. Among the prescribed medicines, metered dose inhalers (MDIs) play a decisive role due to the propellant gases they contain. A relevant reduction in emissions is possible by switching to dry powder inhalation systems (DPI). Aim: The guideline "Climate-conscious prescribing of inhalants" is intended to provide assistance in the prescribing of inhaled medicines by summarising the available evidence on the decision between DPI and MDI and explicitly addressing the aspect of climate damage caused by propellants. It addresses everyone involved in prescribing and counselling those affected. Materials and methods: The S2k guideline was drawn up under the joint leadership of DEGAM (German College of General Practitioners and Family Physicians) and the German Society for Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine (DGP) under moderation of the AWMF (Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany). The main contents from a practical perspective are presented in this paper. Results: Overall, MDIs account for a high proportion of inhaler prescriptions in Germany. The aspects of climate damage should be considered when prescribing MDIs. In order to facilitate implementation in practice, several decision aids were developed. Conclusion: The guideline is the first to address the importance of prescribing a group of medicines in relation to climate change. The degree of implementation of the guideline recommendations can be determined by future analyses of prescription data. A planned practical test is required to check the acceptance of the decision aids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for the measurement of morphological features of horses that is suitable for mobile applications and requires only a smartphone camera to perform measurements with a short preparation time. This study compares, various body lengths of 46 warmblood horses. The 3D-coordinates were determined photogrammetrically i.e.), using overlapping photographs and video recordings. To measure the relevant points, 12 markers were affixed at significant points to the left body side of the horses. A local coordinate system was defined by using a mobile reference frame to ensure that the measurements can be collected independently of local conditions and still are directly comparable. The measurements were repeated three times and analyzed for their accuracy by various statistical methods. With an average standard deviation of 1.75 cm for the three repeated body length measurements, the method is very reliable. The repetitions of the body length measurements showed that body parts with a high mobility, especially the measurements from the neck to the withers, have a significant impact on the attainable accuracy. To determine the absolute accuracy of the photogrammetric measurement method, a single horse was also measured with a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). The standard deviation of the two measurements was between 0.24 cm and 1.79 cm, which demonstrates the high absolute accuracy of the measurement method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this paper we review the current literature on the clinical problem that some patients do not achieve response after adequately conducted psychotherapy. We explicate our understanding of nonresponse and treatment resistance including the operational definitions, summarize the theoretical explanations and empirical studies and put forward possible study designs and treatment options. Methods: Literature search using PubMed and Web of Science. Results: For the domain of psychotherapy, the term treatment resistance does not seem appropriate; instead, we use the more descriptive terms nonresponse and recurrent nonresponse. Generally, this topic is far less represented in psychotherapy than in pharmacotherapy. Controlled switching studies with a switch from pharmacotherapy to psychotherapy are rare and those switching from one psychotherapeutic approach to another are nearly nonexistent. Building on clinical considerations, we propose a flow-chart for clinical decision making after nonresponse in psychotherapy. Discussion: Learning from errors is highly beneficial. This principle should be more consistently followed up in psychotherapy research as well as in supervision and training. Guidelines should include consensual and evidence-based advice on how to deal with nonresponse and recurring nonresponse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to present a Christian mission of hunger and poverty alleviation through a life in communion with the trinity and in the context of the Ga celebration of homowo in Ghana. It is in the hope of the renewal of all things at the end of the world. It is to appreciate the essence of homowo in order to appropriate it for a Christian mission. The paper seeks to achieve this goal of mission by connecting the hunger and poverty alleviation and life-giving essence as well as the sense of unity embedded in the homowo feast to the mission of the triune God in the cosmos and with the "give us this day our daily bread" statement of Jesus Christ. Although the Kpelelogical method seems to be easily understood because it is mutually critical and connects seamlessly with the praxis of Christianity among Ga Christians, it has previously not been adopted as a theological method, as it is in this article. It is the paradoxical Ga Christian articulation of the Christian faith whereby the Christian faith is enlightened by the Kpele homowo and yet transforms the Kpele homowo after rejecting it. At the end of the engagement, Jesus in the homowo celebration is seen as the Okpelejen Wulormor Homoyiwolor ker Naanowalahalor (the cosmic priest, king, prophet who jeers at hunger, and giver of eternal life). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freud claimed that objects are means of satisfying drives (Freud, 1916), a view that was strengthened by object-relation theories, which claims that drives are primarily object-seeking (Fairbairn, 1946). In a recently published paper, I have suggested modifying this assumption. I argue that while drives are consciously directed at objects, they are unconsciously directed solely at characteristics (Saad, 2022). In this paper, I examine the distinction between directing drives at characteristics and directing drives at objects. I then use this distinction to make a distinction between transference relations and real relations. Finally, I show that the characteristic/object distinction might reveal intrapsychic conflicts in which the subject is consciously attracted to an object and unconsciously repulsed by its characteristics (or vice versa), and I examine how these conflicts can be analyzed within the psychoanalytic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The significant cultural achievement of the development of the cultivation of Coca (Erythroxylum coca) by the indigenous South Americans was never adequately recognised by the European Conquerors. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate its importance for Western science by summarising its perception during the colonial period and the 19th century and reviewing the isolation of cocaine, its use as local anaesthetic, determination of its chemical structure and synthesis of substitutes as milestones of Western chemistry, pharmacy and medicine. Finally, it summarises the culturally impact of cocaine on the Western culture during the 20th century and the economic impact of coca production in South America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the opaque origin of our food and the increasing demand for regional products, regionalism can be considered a counter trend to globalism. The objectives of this paper are to challenge widespread assumptions such as “regional production is sustainable” and to illustrate the complexity of the supply chain using the potato as an example, to draw conclusions for the Nutrition and Consumer Education (EVB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Various professional groups are involved in the daily work of the central operating room with the aim of providing the best possible treatment for each individual using modern medical technology (sociotechnical system) in a cost-effective manner. Ensuring perioperative patient safety is of particular importance. At the same time, the efficient use of the central operating room is essential for the economic success of a hospital. Preoperative preparation is a complex process with many substeps that are often difficult to manage. Historically, the focus has been on retrospective learning from errors and incidents. More recent approaches take a systemic view. A central idea is to consider the mostly positive course of treatment and the adjustments to daily work that are currently required by the people involved (Safety-II). By taking greater account of how the many components of the system interact, processes can be better understood and specific measures derived. This strengthens the system's ability to adapt to changes and disturbances, thus ensuring that goals are achieved. The functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) is an internationally recognized method for modelling work as done compared to work as imagined. This paper presents the application of FRAM to preoperative preparation in a major regional hospital. Objective: Is FRAM suitable for improving process understanding in preoperative preparation? Material and methods: An interdisciplinary project team identified relevant functions of preoperative preparation through document analysis and walkthroughs. Based on this, more than 30 guided interviews were conducted with functionaries. The results were presented graphically and specific information, such as safety-related statements or reasons for the variability of functions, were also presented textually. In the next phase, statements were evaluated and compared with the target model and the job descriptions. Results: The FRAM revealed the process as a complex network of relationships. During the modelling process, a varying degree of centrality and variability of certain functions became apparent. From the observations, the project team selected those with high relevance for patient safety and for the efficiency of the overall process in order to prioritize starting points for deriving measures to increase resilience. These starting points relate either to single functions, such as surgical site marking or to multiple functions that are variable in their execution, such as delays due to nonsynchronized duty times. Conclusion: The FRAM conducted provides valuable new insights into the functioning of complex sociotechnical systems that go far beyond classical linear methods. The awareness of operational processes gained and the resulting dynamic view of interactions within the system enable specific measures to be derived that promote resilient behavior and reduce critical variability, thus contributing to increased patient safety and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to a traditional interpretation of Kierkegaard, he endorses a strong form of direct doxastic voluntarism on which we can, by brute force of will, make a “leap of faith” to believe propositions that we ourselves take to be improbable and absurd. Yet most leading Kierkegaard scholars now wholly reject this reading, instead interpreting Kierkegaard as holding that the will can affect what we believe only indirectly. This paper argues that Kierkegaard does in fact endorse a restricted, sophisticated, and plausible version of direct doxastic voluntarism. On Kierkegaard's view, when we take ourselves to be in an epistemically permissive situation, we have the ability to form outright beliefs (but not credences) at will in virtue of our ability to voluntarily 1) open or close inquiry and 2) determine our attitude towards epistemic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing an inclusive pilot project as an example, this paper at hand discusses how establishing and implementing inclusive elements and practices in social spaces raises new issues about the importance of theoretical reflection. The pilot project »Kommune Inklusiv« aimed to open up opportunities for participation for people at risk of exclusion in five contrastive social spaces under a broad concept of inclusion. During the course of the project, scientific analyses showed that socio-theoretical perspectives on inclusion were neglected in favour of a process-optimising control logic performed in the project, which proved to have a tangible impact on the success of (sub-)projects. This article therefore advocates to strengthen socio-theoretical perspectives, which can be of critical importance in the successful implementation of inclusive practices and projects. In particular, theoretical aspect of crisis, which according to Oevermann is always inherent in pedagogical action, can contribute to understand inclusion as a (pedagogical) negotiation practice and manifest necessary reflective processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

»This space is so dreary - the kind of place you'd go to if you wanted to hang yourself.« Patient and therapist maneuvering between psychoanalysis, neurology and palliative care The paper is a reflection on the psychotherapeutic treatment of a patient viewed from the perspectives of psychoanalysis, neurology and palliative care. The author discusses the development of these three perspectives, showing how they complement and enrich, but also interfere with each other in the course of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictive processing in neuropsychoanalysis.Feelings as an aid to navigating the field of tension between powerlessness and creative powerIn this paper I summarise Mark Solms' neuropsychoanalytic model of the generation of consciousness, according to which consciousness is not, as previously presumed, generated in the cerebral cortex, but in the upper brainstem. References to individual psychology are shown. Tracing back to Kant and Darwin, both models understand psychological dynamics - including the question of conscious or unconscious processing - as a result of self-organisation, the goal of which it is to maintain homeostasis. It is within this field of tension that teleologic intentionality and subjective consciousness are developed. In the final discussion of various aspects, reification is understood as a means of finding a reliable prediction. Solms and Adler describe basal processes, which might inform work with patients with early/structural issues. Considering the question, what it is that is felt, when we feel, Adler places a greater emphasis on relationality. This is understood as a response to a situation characterised by double dynamics, i. e. the need to establish a relationship to the outer world in which homeostasis can be maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disposal has always been a source of conflict in academic and scientific libraries. Amid the increasing relevance of electronic resources, the disposal of e-books is becoming pertinent as well. Weighing up the pros and cons, every academic library should consider carefully whether it sides with the "Das frisst kein Brot/It doesn't consume space" team or the "Need to weed" team. The paper makes a proposal where to start the negotiation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper from 1980, the author addresses the concept of regression from a primarily ego-psychological and interactional perspective. Thus, Freud's aspect of topical regression moves into the center of consideration. Regression appears here as a revival of outdated functional levels and forms of organization of mental experience and behavior. For Loewald, this was not just about retrograde development but also about a reorganization of the psychological material and the connection between different levels of mental organization. In this process the bilateral regression of the patient and the therapist has a restitutive function. This represents opportunities for the individual, for the therapeutic relationship and for society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective of the study: Hospitals, especially surgical departments, are among the largest producers of waste in Germany. Data on waste management in the operating room (OR) are largely lacking. The aim of this study was to assess and discuss the possibilities of reducing waste and recovering recyclable materials in general surgery against the background of current practice. Methodology: Surgical departments throughout Germany were surveyed on waste management. First, the theoretical waste separation possibilities for laparoscopic appendectomy were determined. Subsequently, a simple system for the separation of recyclables was established and practically tested in 35 operations. These were compared with 35 appendectomies without separation. Results: Only 25.7% of hospitals perform waste separation. Theoretically, 20.7% of waste can be recycled, in practice up to 18.9%. Paper, cardboard and plastics, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were separated. This leads to a significant reduction in residual waste without extending the operation time. Discussion: Separation of recyclables can contribute to more sustainable waste management in the OR. High-value recyclables can be recycled and the residual waste mass can be significantly reduced. This is possible without special effort and does not delay the processes in the OR. The opportunities for this have hardly been used in Germany to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: The Working Group on Ethics in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine of the Austrian Society for Anesthesiology Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine (ÖGARI) already developed documentation tools for the adaption of therapeutic goals 10 years ago. Since then the practical implementation of Comfort Terminal Care in the daily routine in particular has raised numerous questions, which are discussed in this follow-up paper and answered in an evidence-based manner whenever possible. Results: The practical implementation of pain therapy and reduction of anxiety, stress and respiratory distress that are indicated in the context of Comfort Terminal Care are described in more detail. The measures that are not (or no longer) indicated, such as oxygen administration and ventilation as well as the administration of fluids and nutrition, are also commented on. Furthermore, recommendations are given regarding monitoring, (laboratory) findings and drug treatment and the importance of nursing actions in the context of Comfort Terminal Care is mentioned. Finally, the support for the next of kin and the procedure in the time after death are presented. Discussion: A change in treatment goals with a timely switch to Comfort Terminal Care enables good and humane care for seriously ill patients and their relatives at the end of life and the appreciation of their previous life with the possibility of positive experiences until the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a reply to George Pattison's magistral triology on a "Philosophy of Christian Life" – focusing on its second part: "A Rhetorics of the Words" (2019). The paper offers an analysis of the main concept, namely the 'call' or the 'vocation'. This leads to three basic questions concerning the lack of vocation's communal character in Pattison's account; his one-sided inclination to pessimism in his cultural critique; and, the only marginal role that other articulations than the call might play within a "devout life" and its ambivalent authority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volunteer firefighters are an established institution in many rural areas across Europe. In spite of this ubiquity, many volunteer brigades have been increasingly facing challenges in discharging their functions. Issues such as undertaking necessary investments, and ensuring daytime availability have become particularly critical against the backdrop of an increase in the number of interventions. Many of the measures intended to futureproof volunteer firefighting are based on transferring responsibility to different actors. To this end developing and expanding the reach of fire safety education functions to enhance the public's prevention and self-protection skills. The aim of this paper is to explore the process of institutional change induced by innovative initiatives, which aim to advance fire safety education. For the study, we draw on empirical research, which follows the development and mainstreaming of two projects in Austria and Germany. These initiatives aim to standardise disparate approaches and are underpinned by new forms of multi-level cooperation. Our inductive analysis identifies five key steps which define the successful long-term implementation of projects in coproduced services of general interest. We conclude with observations on the redistribution of responsibility for fire services and hazard prevention in contemporary societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgent transformation of our energy system towards a sustainable infrastructure of public services regularly fails in regional implementation due to spatial and social requirements of rural areas. Using the example of a transdisciplinary project, this paper identifies dilemmas in the participatory implementation of the regional energy transition and formulates conditions for the success of a spatially sensitive energy transition governance. As shown by the governance approach developed for "co-transformation", context-sensitive forms of participation in co-regulation, co-allocation and co-visioning can contribute to procedural, distributional and future justice and thus to the acceptability of the regional energy transition as a public service infrastructure in rural areas. Central fields of action are open-ended and regionally adapted forms of participation through co-regulation in the planning process, approaches to spatial co-allocation of energy transition-related burdens and local added values, as well as the co-visioning of regional energy futures and regional energy visions to be derived from them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Issue 32(1)" in the Communications of the German Mathematical Society (DMV) covers various topics such as the DMV Student Conference 2024 in Ilmenau, the significance of mathematics in museums, job opportunities for mathematics graduates, and the name of the DMV. The president of the DMV emphasizes the need to attract more and younger members and to make greater efforts towards women and diversity. It also reports on the discussion about renaming the DMV, for which suggestions from members are being collected. The 2023 PISA study shows that the average mathematical and reading competencies of adolescents in many OECD countries have declined compared to the previous study in 2018. Scientific competence has also decreased. In Germany, the performance losses in all three areas are above average. The reasons for the deterioration are mainly attributed to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as language difficulties, interest, and motivation. The exhibition "From Newton to Einstein - a journey through space and time" was developed at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Potsdam and is now on display in Tübingen. The award winner Carla Cederbaum has also developed other projects, such as a book on mathematical magic tricks and the publication series "Oberwolfach-Snapshots of Modern Mathematics". Mathematicians Carolin Mehlmann and Thomas Richter from the University of Magdeburg participated in an expedition of the Polarstern to the Arctic Ocean to calibrate a new hybrid sea ice model. The hybrid sea ice model combines particle and continuum methods to better resolve the different sea ice regimes on different local scales. The text deals with the deformation theorem in differential geometry. It is shown that a manifold with boundary possesses a metric with certain properties if the double of the manifold carries such a metric. The question of whether the converse of this statement holds is also raised. The text deals with hypothesis testing and the problem of multiple error probability. Various methods for solving this problem are presented, including the Bonferroni correction and the development of better methods taking into account the dependency structure of the tests. It also addresses pseudoline arrangements, which have connections to combinatorics, geometry, and computer science. The text deals with various mathematical topics, including sorting networks, pseudoline arrangements, Rubik's cube, the PISA study, calculating machines, student studies, Felix Klein, and international cooperation in mathematics. Various concepts and applications are explained, such as the creation of sorting networks from pseudoline arrangements, the use of Markov chains to generate random pseudoline arrangements, and the development of calculation aids and calculating machines. The importance of student studies and international cooperation in mathematics is also emphasized. The text provides an insight into various mathematical topics and their applications. The article reports on Renate Tobies, a visiting scientist at Friedrich Schiller University Jena. She studied chemistry and mathematics and obtained her habilitation in the history of mathematics and natural sciences. Tobies has taught in various German cities and in Austria and was the managing editor of NTM History and Ethics of Natural Sciences, Technology, and Medicine. The article deals with a position paper by the professional societies DMV. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The level of perceived control in people with Parkinson's disease plays a significant role in affecting their quality of life. Simpson et al. developed a scale of perceived control specific to Parkinson's disease called the Parkinson's UK Scale of Perceived Control (PUKSoPC). In this work, we present a cross-culturally adapted German translation of the original English version. Methods: After receiving approval by the original authors, an internationally established procedure was used for cross-cultural adaptation. Firstly, the original English version was translated into German independently by two bilingual neuroscientists, who then agreed on a consensus version. This was tested on 10 people with Parkinson's disease and independently back translated into English by two different neuroscientists. After forming a consensus version, this English version was compared with the original version by all four translators. Differences between the versions resulted in modifications to the German translation so that the back translation matched the original as closely as possible. The final version was approved by two of the original authors and clinically tested on 50 people with Parkinson's disease. Results: During the translation process, the four translators agreed on a culturally adapted German version of the PUKSoPC. Testing of the final version on 50 people with Parkinson's disease did not reveal any linguistic or content-related problems. Conclusion: The linguistically validated German version of the PUKSoPC presented in this paper is now freely available for measuring the levels of perceived control in people with Parkinson's disease to advance both research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual subtitles show the spoken words of the audio track simultaneously in the original and as a translation when viewing audiovisual media. Since DVD players and TV sets usually do not have a function that allows dual subtitles to be switched on, the paper first describes how this can nonetheless be done by using a computer and special software. Then 36 empirical studies are reviewed that have investigated the effects of dual subtitles. The article comes to the conclusion that they are only of limited use for the classroom but have great value for self-directed learning outside the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The «Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD)» were developed in parallel with the Swiss National Dementia Strategy 2014-2019 under the auspices of the Swiss Society for Geriatric Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (SGAP) and mark the beginning of a series of recommendations for geriatric psychiatric disorders. They depict the evidence-based state of knowledge about diagnostics and therapy, based on the clinical experience of the experts, and are designed for interprofessional and interdisciplinary use. The non-pharmacological intervention options and pharmacotherapy are discussed in detail. This paper is the revised version of the 2014 publication and compiles the development in this area for everyday clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]