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The purpose of the paper is to analyze the phenomenon of loneliness that was caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. As this is a very broad issue, it was just limited locally to the Polish society, and thematically to the religious aspect. Pandemic loneliness was mainly the result of social isolation to contain the spread of the Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus, causing the Covid-19 disease. In terms of religion, loneliness was caused by separation from public religious practices and the feeling of a lack of Providence. This paper presents three faces of religious loneliness caused by the COVID-19 pandemic: liturgical loneliness, doctrinal loneliness and loneliness related to the feeling of lack of full religious freedom. Zusammenfassung: Der Aufsatz untersucht die Auswirkungen "pandemischer Einsamkeit" auf christlich-religiöses Leben in Polen. Er unterscheidet drei Aspekte des Phänomens: liturgische und doktrinäre Einsamkeit sowie eine Einsamkeit, die aus einem Mangel an religiöser Freiheit entsteht. Der Aufsatz führt diese Formen nicht nur auf die Notwendigkeit zum Social Distancing zurück, sondern auch auf eine Erschütterung des Vorsehungsglaubens durch die Covid-19-Pandemie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I reconstruct the continuities and differences between Karl Bühler's pre-cybernetic model of non-verbal interaction - as sketched in his Krise der Psychologie (1927) and his Ausdruckstheorie (1933) - and present-day debates on the expression of emotion and affect. I offer the thesis that today, almost 100 years later, the field of psychology is still caught up in very similar quandaries. This is shown by comparing Bühler's work to the theories and models of a present-day ethologist (Frans de Waal), a neuroscientist and psychologist (Lisa Feldman Barrett), and a culturalist developmental psychologist (Michael Tomasello). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of happiness is fundamental to human beings and this state of striving is closely intertwined with consumption behavior. “Consumers want to be happy, and marketers are increasingly trying to appeal to consumer's pursuit of happiness" (Mogilner et al., 2012, p. 429). Current research on customer happiness is only in its early stages and therefore offers little guidance. This is the starting point of this dissertation, which addresses the key questions: what is happiness and what is its relationship with consumption? Furthermore, how can we measure the impact of marketing on happiness? And finally, does customer engagement have an impact on customer happiness? To address these questions, this dissertation comprises three discrete empirical papers. The central contribution of this work is the combination of different research perspectives – on the one hand the qualitative study on happiness theories through the functional analysis of sociology, and on the other hand two quantitative studies which develop a measurement and use it within structural equation modeling. Additionally, this work includes theories and insights from various disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, sociology, history, economics as well as marketing. Building on these comprehensive insights, this work develops a fundamental theory on customer happiness and also provides an empirical measurement for use in further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moritz Geiger developed an original phenomenological account of the splitting of the Ego (Ichspaltung) in two papers, written in 1911 and 1913. Husserl read the 1911 paper as he was working on preliminary manuscripts to Ideas I. The first part of Husserl's comments focused precisely on the splitting of the Ego. In this paper I will answer three questions: (1.) What is the historical- philosophical context of Geiger's and Husserl's discussion on the splitting of the ego? (2.) What are the phenomenological features of the splitting of the ego? (3.) What is the relevance of Geiger's account of the splitting of the ego, for the further development of Husserl's phenomenology? Reading Geiger was, indeed, the first occasion in which Husserl started to develop his own phenomenological account of the splitting of the ego. This will prove itself to be crucial for his mature analyses on the phenomenological reduction, as Husserl will distinguish more clearly between reflection and splitting of the ego. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report from an October 12-13, 2017 conference in Berlin, Germany on the history of "nerves" in German war psychology from the turn of the 20th century to the outbreak of World War II. Topics of presentations delivered included the collective psychological impact of World War I on the nerves of the German population, the political symbolism of "strong nerves", and the 1913 paper "Krieg und Geistesstörung" by psychiatrist Gustav Specht.

This paper presents the results of a pre-study on completing the cataloguing of the exile library of Charlotte and Karl Bühler. The value of a bequest library like the one in question lies in the unique traces of use and perusal. Consequently, the project focused on securing and indexing the specific features of the items as well as making them accessible. As there is no accorded procedure for cataloguing item-related characteristics in the Austrian Library Network (OBV) the core issue of the project was the development of a solution that fitted the specific requirements of the Bühler's bequest library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the course of implementing the UN CRPDquestions arise as to which services for children with special language and communication needs currently exist, and what systemic changes may be necessary. Objectives: The research project will first examine the status quo of services in schools for children and adolescents with special language and communication needs, as well as the working conditions of health care professionals. The survey will later be repeated in order to document future developments. For international comparison, the survey will be conducted in different countries. This paper focuses on results from Germany. Methodology: The main question is: What professional services for children and young people with special language and communication needs exist i in schools of participating countries? The Method of choice is a quantitative and qualitative online survey with repetitive measurement times. The three existing professional groups in Germany are compared: academic and college level speech therapists, and special education teachers specialized on language and communication needs. Results: The results for Germany show great similarity of the two speech therapists groups, but differences between these two groups and the special education teachers specialized on language and communication needs. Therapists tend to work with individual mainstream students outside of the school environment, with treatment rarely linked with the curriculum. Only 15.9 % of the therapists also work in schools, and only 8.8 % in the classroom. Special education teachers specialized on language and communication needs inherently provide group- and classroom-based intervention, particularly for children with special education needs. 76.3 % of these teachers offer speech therapy, linked mostly with the lessons. Almost all work directly in the classroom (92.4 %). Their educational methods show greater diversity than those of speech therapists. Conclusions: In the context of inclusion, due to their diversity, both speech therapists and special education teachers specialized on speech language impairments, will contribute as systemic resources with specific strengths to a functioning educational system in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Knowledge and its Limits (2000) Williamson defends not only the negative claim that knowledge cannot be analysed, but also the positive claim that knowledge is the most general factive mental state. In this paper two objections to the positive claim are presented: First, knowledge is not more general than e. g. seeing. After discussing several alleged examples of seeing without knowing a new example is offered. Although both seeing and knowing are incompatible with luck, they are incompatible with different kinds of luck. Secondly, factive mental states that are more general than knowledge are conceivable. Williamson's characterisation of knowledge as being the most general factive mental state is not substantial enough to pick out exactly one state. The idea that there is such a thing as a maximal factive mental state cannot be sustained merely on the assumption that knowledge is unanalysable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on "Performing Emotions," a conference that focused on the relationship between emotions and politics in Europe from the early modern period to the modern period. It took place in Berlin, Germany from June 23-25, 2011. Papers presented at the conference discussed topics such as the rule of the Spanish Queen Isabella, the political movements in the 17th century, and how the uniforms of German Schutz Staffel (SS) soldiers contributed to their identity.

The paper deals with the question of to what extent the development and application of medical nosologies are dependent upon social, political and economic conditions and which (often utilitarian) considerations decide on the fitness for use of a clinical picture and a diagnosis. The context and the framework of the construct are crucial to understanding, recognition and finally to compensation procedures. With reference to historical and current material supplied by war veterans, processes of recognition and rejection of entitlements to benefits will be illustrated; the significance of psychoanalytical concepts in this process will be reflected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychoanalytic identity is the result of identification with a psychoanalytic introject. It protects against the fears to which everyone who is attempting to illuminate the unconscious is exposed. In this paper the substantive issues of identity are discussed as a psychoanalyst who is a support for the work by providing concepts for the understanding of the unconscious. Using the example of the intersubjective wend in psychoanalysis it will be examined how these contents have changed under the influence of intersubjectivity. The notion that psychological development also occurs in psychoanalysis in unmistakable interpersonal contexts implies removing the restraints imposed by commitment to the technical rules and normative expectations. The intersubjective view of psychoanalysis therefore demands from the psychoanalyst an identity which is fundamentally different from that of the classical psychoanalyst. Processing the associated fears places the psychoanalytic identity at a more mature stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on recent developments within the field of discursive psychology that integrate the works of Bakhtin, the present paper discusses the dialogical self with regard to early infancy research. It draws on examples from a comparative study of mother-infant interactions among North German middle class families and Cameroonian Nso to illustrate the potential of a dialogical approach to language and self for developmental psychology and to demonstrate empirical ways of studying child development from this perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not language but speech that is claimed as the subject matter of psychology. Psychoanalysis represents the most important projects to investigate speech. In this paper, the psychoanalysis of Jacques Lacan is given priority. He explicitly incorporated the social sphere into psychoanalysis by ways of putting the speaking subject in the center of social theory reflexions. Lacan's discourse in this article becomes the discourse of the media and as such represents the post-democracy and the unfolding of the discourse of power. As such, subjectification becomes understandable as defrayment of the paroles of the discourse of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the conference "Stadt zwischen Erinnerungsbewahrung und Gedächtnisverlust" (Cities Between Preservation and Loss of Memory), held from November 19-21, 2010, at the City Archives of Esslingen, Germany, to commemorate the 400th anniversary of that institution. The papers presented discussed the media and urban spaces of remembering and forgetting, focusing in particular on the role of archives. Historical case studies included Pisa and Rome, Italy, and Cologne, Gemany.

Seventy years after the insurrection of Spanish military forces against the democratically elected government of the Second Republic, several political, cultural and scientific initiatives have set out to reinforce the historical memory of the Spanish Civil War. An objective historical debate about the war was impossible in Spain under the Franco regime and quite difficult during the transition period to a democratic state because of the ongoing conflict between Francoists and democrats, which led to an attempted military coup against the new Spanish democracy in 1981. The stable democracy Spain now enjoys allows us to revisit the history of the Civil War from a republican and democratic point of view, in order finally to offer a just remembrance of the war's victims on the Republican side, something which has been neglected for decades. This paper explores the representation of the Spanish Civil War in children's drawings, which were collected by several institutions, among them the Biblioteca Nacional de Espana. The existence and preservation of these drawings is the result of unique circumstances. The Spanish Civil War was the first conflict in which modern arms were intentionally used against the civil population on a large scale, so that children became eyewitnesses of military attacks. The government of the Republic organised the evacuation of the civilian population, especially children, from the war zones, using an existing system of school colonies. Guided by their educators, these children started to reflect on their new experiences - the bombardments, the evacuation, the separation from their parents, but also the games, lessons and other activities in the school colonies - in their drawings. These drawings had a double purpose. On the one hand, they were designed as a therapeutic measure to help the children to overcome the traumas produced by the war. On the other hand, these drawings were used as propaganda in order to convince the Western democracies to support the legitimate Spanish government and to stop their policy of non-intervention, which only favoured the military rebels and their supporters, National-socialist Germany and Fascist Italy. Today, the children's drawings of the Spanish Civil War represent a valuable and direct testimony of different aspects of this conflict: life before the war, the breakdown of the Lebenswelt of the children, the presence of the war in daily life, humanitarian support and evacuation, organisation and life in the school colonies and the politicisation of the children. Nowadays, children who suffer the horrors of war continue to draw their experiences. The only difference with the drawings of the children of the Spanish Civil War is that today there is more blood, weapons are more powerful, and society is indifferent and has become accustomed to coexisting with injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article tries to point out that in the early modern period, including the Renaissance, philosophy increasingly developed a certain kind of thinking and arguing that needed to be sustained by ...icons..., ...pictures... or ...signs.... Following a suggestion made by Stephen Clucas in inviting a group of scholars to discuss the topos of ...silent languages... at Birbeck College (University of London), this paper discusses 1. a general possible meaning of ...silent language..., divided into three modes of symbolic and geometric representation, and introducing 2. three ...stages... in the historical development of philosophical systems representing these three modes: Plotinus, Cusanus, the philosophy of the 16th and 17th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]