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Under the background of “The Double First-class University Initiative” and “Double Ten Thousand Plan” implemented in colleges and universities, professional education at all levels of library information and archival studies in mainland China is undergoing a period of rapid change and uncertainty. Based on the changes in the policy direction and assessment system of various regions and universities, which present a common phenomenon of lacking a top-down design policy, an in-depth study on the professional education of the discipline as a whole was conducted, in order to readjust the academic education and adapt to the needs of professional education and career development during the transition period. The research questions in this paper include: what is the current status of the library, information, and archives management education in mainland China? What are the characteristics of academic education of each level? What is the regional distribution of relative educational institutions? What is the status quo of enrollment and cultivation? The data collection methods in this study include literature research, website interviews, content analysis, etc. The research subjects were set as the educational institutions in China's library, information, and archives management field, for analyzing the disciplinary settings and educational development at all levels including junior college, undergraduate, and graduate levels, such as master̓s, doctoral and postdoctoral. The main research findings are addressed below. Firstly, the overall discipline scale of library information and archives management in Mainland China has been stable in the past decade, the number of undergraduate educational institutions has slightly decreased, the master's education represented by MLIS is developing prosperously, the scale of traditional academic master's education has been shrinking, and the doctoral education is growing steadily. Secondly, the distribution of educational institutions among provinces and cities is highly fragmented, and the layout of disciplines has remained stable, with a total of 25 provinces and cities having institutions providing library information and archival education, and East China and North China accounting for 58% of the total, among which more than 60% of the departments were established before Year 2000 and fewer new programs were launched in recent years. Thirdly, “admitting students according to the first level” has become a trendy policy in some departments, and the quality of education training has steadily improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the diary and other records of Liu Dapeng 劉大鵬 (1857-1942), a Shanxi village resident, to examine how people in rural China experienced and understood illness at an important time of transition for medical systems in China. It explains how Liu understood the illnesses that afflicted himself and members of his family in terms of providence. The healing methods he used ranged through self-medication with folk remedies and modern patent medicines; remedies provided by families friends and neighbours (including acupuncture and prescriptions based on classical Chinese medicine); remedies provided by gods and shamans; and prescriptions provided by professional doctors of Chinese medicine, whom Liu deeply distrusted. It also examines the arrival of Western medicine in Shanxi and argues that while this existed it was incorporated into networks of medicine provided by family and friends, rather than functioning as a separate institutional system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper surveys the life and medical activities of Chinese scholar, physician, and translator Ding Fubao 丁福保 (1874-1952). Ding's career as an early adopter and translator of scientific medicine, and as a broker between western-trained physicians and reform-minded practitioners of Chinese medicine, affords rare insight into both the promise and the shortcomings of western-style medical modernization. In particular, Ding's experiences illustrate the ways in which illness and healing remained closely associated with moral virtue, even in the mind of this most committed modernizer. Through Ding, we can examine the growth of modern professions in China and the struggle to achieve any kind of professional monopoly on practice; the huge influence of Japan on China's modernization, and aspects of the relationship between culture and scientific change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]