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Relying on aggregate-level or cross-sectional survey data, extant research suggests that economic inequality erodes social trust. In this article we distinguish between cross-sectional and longitudinal components of inequality, using a sample of approximately 140,000 individuals in 19 countries over a thirty year period (1990- 2020). Accounting for individual-level predictors as well as the direct and conditional effect of income, findings suggest a strong negative association between inequality and trust among countries. Individuals from countries with higher levels of inequality systematically report lower levels of trust, but evidence is less clear to substantiate that individuals are less trusting of one another during times of higher inequality. In the second part of the paper, we reassess these findings using subnational data for Spain between 2008 and 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La Ilustración Española y Americana (1869-1921) was the main illustrated weekly newspaper of the last quarter of the nineteenth century in Spain. Its pages, as well as those of its equals in Europe, were filled with engravings and, later, with photomechanical prints of pictures of contemporary events, discoveries, and national and foreign works of art and architecture. Compositions of various images in a plate were one of the main strategies adopted by this newspaper to inform graphically and were also used in the representation of architecture and cities. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, through the visual analysis of some of these compositions, that they were a relevant tool in the presentation of architecture to the great public, incorporating some of the characteristics of the 'sequential image', allowing the reader to embark on an architectural journey and globally understand complex spaces just by browsing the page. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]