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The map named Carta Geographica deProjecçaõ Espherica Orthogonal da Nova Lusitania ou America Portugueza e Estado do Brazil from 1 798, together with its 1 795 (?), 1 797 and 1 803 versions, is undoubtedly one of the cartographic monuments developed by Portuguese cartography from the late eighteenth century. Its organizer was the geographer, astronomer, and frigate captain Antonio Pires da Silva Pontes Leme, who relied on the work of 34 people, including astronomers, geographers, and engineers, who, although only mentioned in the 1 798 version, contributed to the creation of all versions. All of them are similar in appearance, but differ in size, content, details, amount, and distribution of toponyms, which will be the subject of another paper. The greatest similarity, however, concerns the defined map projection. The objective of this paper is to analyse and present the possible hypotheses and conclusions about which map projection was adopted for all versions of Nova Lusitania, through the identification of characteristics that allowed to infer and prove the adopted projection. The applied methodology verified that in the bibliographic search, the information about the map structure is insufficient. An article presented by General Djalma Polli Coelho in October 1 950 states that the projection suggested by its title, as orthogonal spherical, appeared to be the Sanson-Flamsteed equal-area projection. However, the expression Carta Geographica de Projecçaõ Espherica Orthogonal allows us to infer also the transverse orthographic projection. Through parameters defined for the two projections, it was possible to establish the comparative elements for a cartographic analysis, which would allow us to conclude and prove the structure adopted for the map, allowing to conclude if the adopted projection for the Nova Lusitania was an azimuthal orthographic equatorial projection, or a Sanson-Flamsteed, sinusoidal projection on the meridian 31 5°, defined west-east, (counterclockwise), from the El Hierro (Ferro) Island. This meridian is referenced approx. -62°39'46" off the Greenwich meridian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this expert paper is to show development in the area of cartography in chronological order from the time when Albania first appeared on maps by well-known Venetian cartographers (with toponyms in Albanian). An overview of various topographic maps and maritime charts is presented, along with the relevant local and international institutions whose main activities were cartography and geoinformation during different periods. An expert opinion is expressed on the current state of cartographic and geoinformation data as a scientific discipline, with a special emphasis on alignment with international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]