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Trees are indispensable to human life, they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, protect ecosystems, reduce erosion and help to reduce the environment temperature. The manual identification of trees on public roads requires expense and time for recording and managing the data collected, since urban regions can be very large. We developed in this paper a method for the trees detection in urban areas from a 360 video. A YOLO neural network was trained to detect the trees from frames of the equirectangular video (360 images). We used Computer Vision techniques with the OpenCV library to develop algorithms to segment the regions that fit the detected trees in the rectilinear field of view (gnomonic projection), in order to verify if the trees are on the sidewalks. The results obtained showed around 80% success in detecting trees using YOLO, and an accuracy of 71% in the algorithm that checks if the trees are on the sidewalk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a theoretical model was developed from first principles to describe the increase the pressure caused by carbon dioxide, formed by the reaction between baking soda and vinegar inside a PET bottle. This reaction, in this type of container, is commonly used in rocket launch in high school students nationwide competitions. The motivation happens by the safety, control and waste of material, since students perform tests without control over physic and chemical parameters. Another fact, is that the two existing theoretical models describe well the pressure behavior in rigid closed containers up until 60 PSI, which is half of the pressure value of a recyclable PET bottle. The model, established here, presents agreement with the empirical model up to 160 PSI and, by consequence, with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial eutrophication is an anthropic action that alters the metabolism of freshwater ecosystems, increasing carbon incorporation from or emission into the atmosphere in the form of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4). In this paper, we evaluated the contribution of several studies for the understanding of the relationship between the artificial eutrophication and the dynamics of CO2 and CH4 in coastal lagoons. Some controlling factors of the dynamics of greenhouse gases were identified. In general, it was observed that artificial eutrophication enhances the emission of CO2 and CH4 into the atmosphere. The studies were conducted in a segmented rather than on an integrated approach to the main controlling factors. The studies were conducted in different graduate programs in the State of Rio de Janeiro. We highlight the importance of such graduate programs, since graduated professionals continue to develop research in various institutions in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to identify, describe and analyze the national scientific and technical publications to be carried on carbon fixation in Amazon Agroforestry Systems (AFS). We performed a list of online databases literature review of the most significant portal for digital collections of electronic papers that deal with the subject, posts between 1998 and 2012. It follows that there are few studies on AFS considering the carbon fixation and studies presented on Amazon rainforest plants. Therefore, also has been found few meaningful differences focused on Methodology in recent assessment articles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to identify the amount of greenhouse gases from cattle culture in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Thus, it was analyzed the economic viability, in terms of installation of carbon credits, of biodigesters installations on farms. It was calculated the measure of the amount of tons measured in units of carbon dioxide per year in which the use of that technology would mitigate. Among the outcomes obtained, the biodigesters installation is profitable just on farms where there are more than 20 animals. These farms represent 63% of cattle culture in Rio Grande do Sul and the mitigation 29.548,26 CO2 tons per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]