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The paper presents a completely new composition of the ceramic mass for production of ceramic tiles for interior lining of walls, on the basis of fusible clay. The optimal compositions of jade engobe and glossy glaze, the most suitable for this composition, are determined. A new technological scheme is developed for production of ceramic tiles for interior lining based on dolerite and fusible clay. The curve of firing, which is the most suitable for charge masses and decorative coating compositions being used, has been constructed. Subject: ceramic mass for the production of ceramic facing tiles. Ceramic tiles are the most popular building material in Russia. The most promising technology for its production from the standpoint of technical and economic efficiency is the technology of rapid single firing, which is rarely used at the plants of our country. In this regard, the development and implementation of new effective compositions of ceramic masses and decorative coatings that are the most compatible with the specifics of rapid single firing technology, based on new unconventional raw materials, are very relevant and promising. Research objectives: development of technological parameters, compositions of ceramic masses and decorative coatings of ceramic tiles for the internal wall lining that provide an increase in tiles production efficiency using the technology of rapid single firing through the use of non-traditional plagioclase-pyroxene raw materials: dolerites, loam and technogenic raw materials. Materials and methods: technological, numerical and experimental studies were conducted. To select the optimal composition of the ceramic mass, the method of mathematical planning was used, namely the simplex-centroid design of Scheffe. To identify the scientific foundations of the energy-efficient production technology being developed, differential thermal and X-ray phase, optical, electron microscopic and dilatometric studies were applied. Results: a composition of a moderately red-hot mass was developed for the production of ceramic tiles for the internal lining of walls using the technology of rapid single firing; compositions of engobe and glaze coatings were developed with improved physical, mechanical and aesthetic properties due to the use of new, non-traditional types of raw materials; an energy-efficient technological scheme for the production of ceramic facing tiles of the developed compositions was proposed, which makes it possible to increase the competitiveness of the finished product. Conclusions: the developed compositions of charge materials and their preparation can be used in the production of ceramic tiles for internal wall lining using the technology of rapid single firing at already existing plants and newly constructed ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subject: study of the Park of Measuring Equipment (PME) that includes hundreds of thousands of standard samples, measuring instruments, control and measuring devices and other measuring mechanisms with different areas of application, levels of reliability, service life, levels of technical perfection and levels of technical condition. Research objectives: 1. Development of a complex of mathematical models to simulate the processes of development of PME, control indicators of PME performance as a whole, purposefully control the stages of life cycle of measuring equipment samples. 2. Development of the method which, with a sufficient degree of validity and objectivity, would solve the tasks of management of procurement and repairs both in preparation of proposals for preliminary long-term plan documents (LTPD) and to ensure control over the implementation of adopted plans. Thus, the method being developed should be fairly simple to use, easily adjustable for solving problems of different dimensions, suitable for solving the optimal control problem for PME as a whole, for a part of PME, and also suitable for solving a generalized problem for certain “aggregated objects” such as the Metrology Centers. Materials and methods: the methods of mathematical simulation, methods of comparative analysis, simplex method for solving linear programming problem, methods of program-target planning were used. Results: an approach to the solution of problems of program-target planning based on solving a series of linear programming problems has been developed. The results have been presented of using the approach both for formulation of proposals into the preliminary LTPD and also for introducing revisions (amendments) to annual plans, which are implemented in the framework of the state defense order. Conclusions: the described method and algorithms constitute an effective tool for solving practical problems of target- oriented management of PME performance indicators. Analyzers, control and measuring equipment and devices used in the field of construction and housing and communal services go through the same stages of the life cycle and have similar levels of technical perfection and technical condition as the samples of measuring equipment, measuring devices and measuring mechanisms described in the article. Therefore, the results and methods presented in the paper can be effectively used to control the performance indicators of park of devices and measuring instruments used in the field of housing and communal services and construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subject: in this paper, the results of some tests are presented for two variants of strengthened joints of support of reinforced concrete flat slabs onto columns with the arrangement of capitals on the upper surface of the flat slab. Research objectives: the tests were conducted to confirm the rationality and reliability of the design solutions of reinforcement. Materials and methods: the tests were performed by loading selected joints of reinforced concrete building's frameworks under construction conditions. The joints were strengthened by reinforced concrete capitals or in combination with the steel girdle. Results: the experimental data on the response of joints under study was obtained. the analysis of the stress-strain state of the joints was carried out. Practical advantages and disadvantages of such joints were described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subject: the paper considers the development of a method for liquid media dispersion using a high-potential electrostatic field. The existing methods for dispersing liquid media used in industry nowadays have both a number of advantages and disadvantages, the main ones being: the heterogeneity of the particles in size and the increased energy costs for the dispersion process. The analysis of literature sources has shown that with regard to the dispersion of food products during the drying process, the electrostatic dispersion method has encouraging results. This induces great interest in approbation of the electrostatic dispersion method for a wide range of substances, as applied to other industries. To assess the potential of this method, experimental studies were carried out on the dispersion of liquids with electrically conducting, semiconducting and dielectric properties. Research objectives: obtain dependence of dispersity of spray (with an average diameter of droplets) on flow rate and voltage of the high-voltage power supply unit. Materials and methods: to achieve the goal, an experimental device was developed consisting of several functional blocks that allow us to change the flow rate of the medium being atomized, as well as the intensity and geometry of the electrostatic field. During development of the experimental device, in order to select the main equipment, the voltage outputted by the high-voltage power supply unit, as well as its power, were estimated. The results of the experiments (dispersion process) were recorded using digital photo equipment, which allowed us to determine the sizes of the dispersion particles on the basis of their comparison with the reference value. Results: it has been experimentally confirmed that the electrostatic dispersion method makes it possible to obtain a spray with predefined dispersity parameters at high degree of homogeneity. Conclusions: the experiments confirmed the working capacity of the given method of liquid medium dispersion. As a result of processing of the experimental data, a range of voltages was determined at which the change in the dispersity is the most intense. The obtained data form the basis for the development of dispersion devices for various industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article analyses the research papers devoted to changes in industrial workers'states of Ukraine during 1905-1914. Current understanding of the basic principles of historiographical studies stipulates a manysided approach to the studied problem. The analysis and generalization of extensive sweep of historical papers belonged to the historians of several generations outstand as an essential component. The presented article is devoted to presentation of the social and economic, political, ethnic changes in the environment of industrial workers of Ukraine in 1907-1914 in the papers of pre-revolutionary, Soviet andmodern historians. It is no coincidence that the workers of Ukraine came into view of the researchers- a change-over to capitalistic business model took place in consequence of economic growth and due to industrial advance of separate regions of Russian Empire in which there are two new classes: owners of enterprises - bourgeoisie and wage and salary workers - proletariat. A problem of the growth of a number of industrial workers in Ukraine in the period after revolution 1905-1907 in the terms of evolution of value judgments of this issue in the environment of historian was considered in the pages of the research. That fact that the overwhelming majority of industrial workers definitively severed ties with land and semi- agricultural sector was not remained out of view of the researchers. In the vast majority of papers there was traced the unified tendency- in estimating of the socio-economic state of industrial workers a salary level and unemployment index are considered. It should be emphasized that historians of the Soviet time pointed up the enterprises' drive against demonstration of labour solidarity, strike movements and trades unions. In contradistinction to them the modern researchers draw attention not to repressive-punitive measures of the government and enterprises but to democratic ways of search of understanding between two social classes. The foreign researchers do not leave aside the problems of the research of formation and development of industrial workers in the industrial regions of Russian Empire. They pointed out that progressive transformations were executed not through the capitalists' excessive jealousy for the state of wage workers and in the first instance for the purpose of increase in incomes by the intensive method of economy management. Consequently the following stages of research of changes in working environment in Ukraine during 1907-1914 can be distinguished in the following way - pre-revolutionary authors concerned themselves with accumulation of statistical data, reminiscences of parties involved in the events, descriptive materials which just stated the facts; the historians of the Soviet period gradually deviate from accumulation of information to its research, analysis, systematization and fusion that was most pronounced in the 70th -80th of the XX for a period of creation of collective papers; modern researchers basing on best practice of their predecessors consider transformation in the working environment in new perspective without ideological overrun of the Soviet period. At present there is necessity of creation of generalising historiographical papers the task of which consisted in systematization and generalization of the best practice of several generations of historians on the problem of industrial workers' state in Ukraine during 1907-1914. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a multivariate analysis of the involvement of post-Soviet republics in UN and NATO peacekeeping operations, the author explores the integration of New Independent States into UN and NATO international organizations. Chronology of some peace-support and peace-enforcement operations is given. Of special focus is participation of special units of armed forces in such operations. Logical sequence of intrastate agreement on engagement of the military of independent Ukraine in international operations under the mandate of the United Nations Security Council is traced.A respective decision-making process of the Lithuanian Parliament is examined for comparison purposes. Specific laws of Ukraine, which regulate such decisions, are indicated. The author offers concrete examples and describes the role of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in implementation of the UN peace-support mission. The paper cites Russian legislation governing cooperation with the UN and NATO in peacekeeping operations. By the example of formation of interstate military units between Ukraine, Poland and Lithuania ('Ukrpolitbat'), the Baltic Republics (the 'Baltic Battalion') and Central Asian Republics ('Kazbat'), the author shows the initiative of post-Communismrepublics in preservation of peace and stability in the world. Specific examples of involvement of the armed units of such post-Soviet republics as Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kirgizia in UN international operations are given. The paper describes the operations in Kosovo (1999), the Mediterranean Sea (2001), Turkey (2003), Iraq (2004), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996-2004) as well as Sudan (2005). Attention is drawn to reorientation of the NATO from the collective defence strategy to that of common security and execution of mostly international operations with domination of police functions, technical assistance in the postwar period and coping with technogenic catastrophes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the analysis of the national scientists' research papers devoted to the study of the significant for the Soviet science subject, namely the role of the Communist Party in the industrial development of the Ukrainian SSR. The review of Soviet scientists' papers has showed that they studied different aspects of the USSR industrial development in the latest 60's-80's of the 20th century. Apart from historians, there were also economists, sophists, demographists who were engaged in the research process. They succeeded in including this subject into science, analyzing Soviet statistic material, finding a specific algorithm of the industrial development. The interest to the socioeconomic life has been shown. The activity of CPSU-CPU directed at the management of the work of the workers' collectives at enterprises. In this connection the role of Party organizations in strengthening ties between science and manufacture, the improvement of labor force socialist emulation and further strengthening its leading role in the manufacturing enhancement. Most of these works were of propaganda purpose, but they contained certain information about the activity of Party organizations in the manufacturing industry. Soviet scientists made an extensive use of the specific "scientific" terminology which formed a false image of the human and the society, such as the communist truth, light future, victorious socialism march, inspired by the Party, growth of the material well-being, improvement of industrial performance, socialist emulation of foremost workers, socialist labor victory etc. The industrial development of the USSR was represented by absolutely perfect society; one of its capital traits was the Party leading role. It is only achievements that were revealed, while losses were concealed. If there were some critical comments they did not concern big problems in the economic system of that time. The great majority of Soviet historians' publications were disfigured by the "window dressing", false historical record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the features of managing the human resources formation and development in organization. Author considers the evolution of "human resource management", "personnel management" and "management of human resource capacity" terms. The evolution of these terms is accompanied by the expansion of their content, due to organizational changes with the advent of globalization, internationalization and technological progress. The study examines the conceptual position of human resources management including foreign and domestic experience. The paper determines the influence and relationship between organization goals and management of human resource formation and development. This paper shows the internal and external factors that influence on formation of human resource capacity. The study determines the basic principles of human resource formation. Author defines the methods of human resource capacity development and basic guidelines of this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article author compares two alternative integration projects, in which Russia was involved with a different degree of intensity during the post-Soviet period. Based on the material of a significant number of sources, author shows the main milestones of the project of European integration of Russia until its collapse because of the conflict between Russia andWestern partners. The project of Eurasian integration is also analyzed in the paper, and its hopelessness because of the failure of the Kremlin's policy towards Ukraine and other partners. It is demonstrated in the article, that project of Eurasian integration and creating of Eurasian Union is the attempt ofRussian Federation to build the international association with Russia in the role of main and active partner and Kremlin as a political center. This politics of Russia is one of the main reasons of closing the project of Eurasian integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paperdeals with social and psychological aspects of the restructuring process of coalmines in the Donbass. Statistic data on the coal industry situation, which are cited, confirm recessionary phenomena in all groups of mines: promising and potentially promising collieries, mines that develop the remaining reserves, mothballed facilities or those under closure. The restructuring process implies a number of organizations changes. The paper reviews three methodological approaches suggested by I. Ansoff: structural, technological and behavioral (social and psychological). Routine methods used to introduce behavioral changes are: formation of groups, sensitivity training and staff interaction analysis. Their application in mine operation allows determining impacts of such factors as job satisfaction, management style, psychological climate etc. Results of the research conducted indicate that job satisfaction depends on working conditions and a system of effective labor safety. Mechanization and automation of production processes, introduction of innovative coal production processes allow to improve social and economic performance. A key social result is improvement of labor conditions. However, natural mining and geological conditions of coal seamdeposits and production methods do not yet make it possible to eliminate occupational hazards and risks in full. It has been established that under accidental working conditions the share of workers dissatisfied with job conditions is 56%, it has been also proved that there is a relationship between the degree of job satisfaction and the number of injuries in a production face. Workerswere polled to assess the improvement of labor conditions and material consideration. The assessment shows that employees' views of scaling up wages and better working conditions change, depending on their age. To determine the management style of mine administrations, a special questionnaire was developed, which contains 40 questions-affirmations. The following staff was polled: Chief Engineer, Safety Deputy Chief Engineer, Chief Mechanic, Head of a Labor and Wages Department, Head of a Coal Production Unit and Foreman of a Roadway Maintenance and Recovery Unit. The data obtained were processed with computational and graphical methods. An analysis of the results indicates that most managers feature an 'average' management style. Specific recommendations are offered to improve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the economic substance of motivation entrepreneurship. The research determined the role of motivation in the activation of entrepreneurship. The article pointed out that motivation is an essential part of business. Motivation is a process that is aimed at encouraging businesses to efficient economic activity, which results in the achievement of the specific economic goals. In general, all business activities related to the satisfaction of social needs. Businessman takes on property risks of economic activity from differentmotives. The main motivation of business is business profit. Features an internal nature of income from business consists in the fact that he obtained through market exchange made entrepreneur products or services carried out and the result is a better use of economic resources of the entrepreneur in the process of economic exchange. The process of intensification entrepreneurial activity is a complex multi-system functional simulation which through the use of IDEF0-notation provides its formalization and detail. Functional multi-model business processes entrepreneurial revitalization constructed in order to visualize the structure of business processes, show their relationships to assess the optimality of interaction between business - processes and within a single business process. The model takes into account the impact of external factors and coordinated cooperation of the administration, support and promotion of entrepreneurship in the context of the business functions of motivation, coordination of business and most business entities. The paper summarizes, the motivation in entrepreneurship should be considered as an economic process that may regulate to achieve the desired positive economic effect on economic activity entrepreneur. Motivation - a specific set of tools to stimulate and coercion that can influence the cost-effectiveness as part of doing business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Ukraine is integrating into the European Economic Area the existing approaches to state regulation of sanatoria and resort services must be reviewed and improved as they should reflect socio-economic interests of the state and local communities in terms of renovation and sustainable development of resort areas and also create a favorable economic conjuncture - a situation that reveals the potential for the realization of market intentions of consumers (buyers) and suppliers (sellers) of sanatoria and resort services as well as reflects the efficiency of market institutions of which the state plays a leading role. The paper is dedicated to the macroeconomic analysis of the activity of stakeholders in a sanatoria and resort market. It highlights the political and economy aspects of interaction in supply and demand for services of spa treatment and recreation of the population. The relevant range of forming favorable market conditions of sanatoria and resort services is considered basing on the analysis of a market management. The study has revealed the theoretical aspects of interaction between supply and demand in the market of spa services and development of terminological apparatus of amarket interaction. Much attention is given to issues that are of a practical importance: the formation of effective demand and supply, mitigation of inequality in market conditions, establishment of economic equilibrium considering various needs and preferences of an individual, establishment of the primary rights of a consumer for services of sanatoria and resort treatment and recreation. The global trends in market conditions of sanatoria and resort services should be taken into an account and be made the basis for developing and implementing a strategy of tourism and resorts development in a transition period, implementing well-balanced measures to modernize a sanatoria and resort market, reforming a health care system, recreating a human capital in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviews the reasons, main goals and directions of association of the BRICS countries, which change the global economic order. These are: 1) interest of all stakeholders in reforming the current financial and economic architecture of the world with an allowance for the economic potentials of emerging countries; 2) commitment of association stakeholders to principles and rules of international law; 3) consolidation of efforts formodernization of economy and social life; 4) standing up to new global threats and challenges on a multilateral basis; 5) use of innovative approaches to accelerate economic and social modernization of the participating countries. The authors evaluate the potential of the BRICS countries. Prospects for cooperation of Ukraine with the countries of this Agreement are reviewed. The role of China in changing the global economic order and reforming the global financial architecture is substantiated, specific aspects of its economic development covered. Directions for economic cooperation of the BRICS are outlined with allowance for China interests. The authors show that today China has every chance of taking the global lead, competing with the USA, the reasons being: successful implementation of economic reforms, a well selected transformation strategy and the value system itself of Chinese society, which is better transformable and adaptable to the varied global environment than in other BRICS partner countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis of the documents of the State Archive of Luhansk region, which illustrate the activity of the industrial syndicates in the early 20th century. Study materials of regional archives is of special interest due to the fact that the documentation of monopolies in the Russian Empire kept very bad. Most of its mass is in the Russian State Historical Archive, there is no the special archival funds on this issue in Ukraine. In this regard, any mention of monopolies is particularly valuable The sources on researched topic at the State Archives of Luhansk region relate to the activities of syndicates in heavy industry - "Prodamet", "Produgol", "Truboprodazha", "Prodvagon", "Prodparovoz". The most informative is the fund of the Luhansk Locomotive Works Hartmann (F. 2 and R-1). Materials of other funds (F. 4, F. 9, F. 10, F. 11, F. 14) also contain papers we are interested in, but they are few and fragmentary. Basically sources on the history of monopoly capital in the archive represent business correspondence. Conditionally has been allocated to four groups of documents according to their origins: the internal documentation of enterprises; correspondence with customers; letters and resolutions of government and representative institutions; correspondence received directly from administrations of syndicates. The last group is the most informative. The great bulk of the documents here's period 1916-1918. Particular interest are the materials illustrating an attempt to restore the syndicate "Prodamet" in Ukraine in the summer of 1918, because in the Soviet historiography its nationalization in January 1918 traditionally completed the history of this association. The same applies to the syndicates "Prodvagon" and "Prodparovoz". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an analysis of fundamental philosophical works of philosopher Volodymyr Soloviov "Justification of the Good" and "Law and Morality", the paper defines characteristics of justice, which allow perceiving it as a measure of interrelationship of morals and law, deed and retaliation. The author lays down the maxims of Volodymyr Soloviov's philosophical doctrine, which comprise the following: 1) recognition of criminal's and complainant's rights to state aid; 2) nonidentity of retaliation and current criminal laws; 3) respect for human dignity in any case; 4) necessity to influence a criminal solely through mutual understanding; 5) unjustifiability of punishment fromthe moral point of view; 6) necessity of social custody of a criminal [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays the Ukrainian historical and philosophical science is going through a harsh crisis of methodology, caused bydistortion of universal coordinates of scientific thinking allegedlyproviding the condition of the so-called methodological pluralism. Numerous discussions focus on the question about the very scientific nature of history of philosophy as a branch of knowledge. The tendencywhich appears to prevail in such disputes defines history of philosophy as philosophy in contrast to the opinion that history of philosophy should be rather seen as approximate to social history. This paper aims at revealing relevant methodological instruments of historical reconstruction of philosophical forms in the concreteness of their existence, conditioned by lives of real people with their real ends and drives. Thus we address Herbert Marcuse's critique of Martin Heidegger's philosophy, since once being a Heidegger's assistant he adopted a highly critical position towards his master's philosophy. Heidegger's Being and Time attracted Marcuse by existential analytics of Being-in-the-world of Dasein and the perspective on historicity of humane condition. In Marcuse's eye Heidegger had come close to the breakthrough towards maintaining of concrete philosophy, providing possibilities of philosophical approach to social realities. By 1932 Marcuse's attempts to reconcile categories of Heideggerian paradigm with strategies of Marxism proved to be a failure. After 1932 Marcuse finds the resources of theoretical enrichment in Marx's Economical and Political Manuscripts of 1844 and distances himself from Heidegger. Nevertheless Heideggerian moments appear to be employed further on in his thinking. Marcuse's critique provides us with an efficient assessment ofHeidegger's key concepts as neutralized terms, unable of reaching out to the very reality of human existence, being ideological doubles of sociologicaly valid terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the work of contemporary Ukrainian historians devoted to the study of situation and development of historical science in the western regions of theUSSR in the second half of the twentieth century, the state of development of the history of social and political processes issues in the Ukrainian lands by researchers of this period. Out of special studies devoted to the analysis of the development ofUkrainian history in the second half of the twentieth century, attention should be paid to the works of such contemporary scientists: Dashkevych Y., Udod A., Smolii V., Yas O., Reient O., Kulchytskyi S., Liapina O., Koval M., Mozhovskyi M., Holovko V., Isaievych Y., Holubko V.,Yusova N.,Kolesnyk I.,Shevchenko F.,Matiah V.,YaremchukV., BulhakovaO., PohrebnaO. Features of the development of the topic are shown, critical assessments of local scientists are generalized. The author pointed to promising areas of further scientific study of historical research of scientists from the western regions of the USSR, scientific advances of Ukrainian historians of the second half of 1940s - the end of 1980s. Thus, the distinguishing feature of this period is an extension of the thematic field of the problem, critical interpretation of Soviet historiography heritage. In Soviet times the study of the modern history of the Western lands were of censored. Social and political processes in the Ukrainian lands of interwar Poland were unilaterally covered, the activity of national political parties was suppressed. The problem of "Western Ukrainian question" in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire did not become an individual object for research coverage by Soviet scientists in the early twentieth century. As for the degree of the problem research, it should be noted that modern historians uncovered themes and areas of historical research on this issue generally well. However, several issues remain less explored or have not been studied, namely, analysis of scientific works ofUkrainian historians concerning this problem, the issue of personal academic input into the development of Ukrainian history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article the trends of national industrial enterprises development are investigated. The problems of innovative development of domestic industry are identified based on state industrial development concept. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the management policy of industrial enterprises personnel quantity and quality dates. The processes of the personnel decreases invariably accompanied by a number of organizational and technical issues thatwill determine new requirements for the organization of internalmanagementmodel of enterprise environment. Considered and analyzed organizational and administrative activities of increasing professional and technical potential of personnel stuff. The paper proposes the ways to improve effectiveness of personnel stuff policy based on the current terms of international industrial market. The author refined the professional competences model structure of industrial enterprises staff. Consider the structure of complex events management personnel structure and the ways of their further development and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article is devoted to the problemof improving the efficiency of urbanmanagement. The work is characterized by an institutional framework of urban management as an important social phenomenon. Management form of this phenomenon is leading in terms of improving the systemof organization and regulation of the life and activityof the territorial community of the city. Urban management is a complex system of actions and managerial activities that are aimed at the effective organization, analysis, diagnosis and prognosis of various activities inthe city, rational andbalanced use of appropriate urban potentials, solution to the problems of local importance and welfare of the urban population. Principles of urban management in the context of the city as the territorial, economic and social systems were substantiated. The paper identifies the factors that affect the objects of urban management and determine the direction of its further transformation. The provisions on the formation and consolidation of organizational approach in ensuring the effectiveness of urbanmanagement were developed. This approach involves the consideration (as an object of management) of the city as a complex structured organizational systemand the use of traditional practices with the rules and procedures of organizational management. On the basis of the revealed features of organizational and economic unit providing of urban management have been substantiated proposals for its improvement in modern conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents scientific bases of diagnostics for the retail trade management system. Analysis of term "diagnostics" which has been presented in the scientific literature showed that itmainly applies to businesses and their subsystems. At the same time, diagnostic procedures may be adapted to objects at any level, in particular to the management process of retail trade sector. According to author, diagnostics has to identify the most important problems or irregularities in management systemfunctioning. Therefore, it is a tool for systemanalysis. In accordance to this approach the concept of trademanagement systemdiagnostics was developed, which includes diagnostics of all components (subsystems) of the system, chosen on the basis of a cybernetic approach - the control system, the controlled system, the relationship between them and the environment. The author has analyzed own position regarding the purpose, objectives, principles of diagnostics and a series of works: "diagnostics indicators - criteria for diagnostics - problems-symptoms - problems-causes - diagnosis - recommendations". The author proposed and specified interpretation of the criteria for diagnostics, symptoms and causes, as well as of providing information system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a logically structured classification of retail inventories in the context and for the purposes of category management. An analysis of the latest advances in research of the essence and classification of inventories in trade is made. It is proved that if a retailor applies a categorymanagement concept, it is necessary to develop a classification of inventories. The essence of retail inventories is refined, their major characteristics identified. Economic literature is reviewed and the most common approaches to classification of retail inventories are generalized (the major criteria of the classification of retail inventories are: functions performed (purpose), the objective, relationship with complex logistic functions, compliancewith regulations, a degree of meeting the demand, liquidity level, nature of demand etc.). Aretail inventory valuation systemis presented (application fields and valuation types). The classification of retail inventories is refined and supplemented, subject to location, as well as specificity of presenting respective information in accounting is described. It is proposed to introduce additional off-balance active accountNo. 010 "Goods on the way fromthe Supplier" into a Chart of asset, capital, obligation and business transaction accounts of enterprises and organizations. A structure for analytical calculations of the proposed account is offered. A classification of retail inventories is developed for those applying the category management concept (classification criteria of inventories are proposed in respect of: major economic parameters; parameters of an inventory regulation system; physicalproperties of goods; parameters of consignments of incoming goods; financial aspects; an impact of inventories on retailor' performance). The proposed classification of inventories will allow improving the retailmanagement efficiency in case of using category management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the main problems and the development of public-private partnership in Ukraine for 1992- 2012 years. The author characterized main trends by comparison with countries in the region, determined the main problems and possible solutions. In the database of theWorld Bank Ukraine attributed to the region called "Europe and Central Asia". This group include 22 countries, including: CIS, countries of the former Yugoslavia and Turkey. Determined that the activities of public-private partnership in Ukraine as a whole corresponds to global and regional trends. Ukraine is the third-highest number of PPP projects (58) after countries such as Russia and Turkey, their number by 55.4% over of a regional index. Similarly, look and performance of investments in PPP projects in Ukraine - 14.2 billion U.S. dollars, 3rd place, equal to the average. Since independence, Ukraine has sold 58 PPP projects worth a total investment of 14.1 billion U.S. dollars. This figure is quite significant compared to countries in the region. At the same time, most of the period of public participation in PPP projects are not carried out, more or less consistently since it began in 2009 This trend indicates a lack of attention paid by the government partnering with the private sector. A focus for the development of appropriate institutional component, which, in myopinion, will raise organizational aspects of PPPs in Ukraine to a new level. This was the experience of both developed countries and the EU new member states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents, analyzes and systematizes the sources on constituent elements of educational Jesuit Colleges of the East Slavic region in the late 16th - early 17th centuries. The author tabulates the data about the period of creation or functioning of Jesuit educational facilities and their components (missions, residences, schools, collegiums, "bursa", music "bursa", "konvikty", seminaries, houses of the third probation, theaters, student and philistine fraternities, churches, chapels, pharmacies, infirmaries, hospitals, orphanages, libraries, printing houses) in the twenty-seven cities of region mentioned in the research. The author analyzes the purposes of "bursa" and "music bursa", devoted to music teaching and singing, where students performed during religious holidays and other events. But the main purpose was the support of the poor youth. The article deals with the specific facilities - "konvikty" for gentry with student cohabitation in the flats of locals or individual facilities. The paper provides information about seminaries of order of Jesuits in the East Slavic region, which were an important component of Jesuit educational system of priest training, those who spread Catholicism among different stratums. The author analyzes "Sodalicii Marian" (Marian Congregations) of collegiums' students (organization, methods of skills and knowledge improvements, individual live events of fraternity members). The article shows that Marian Congregations had similar organizational elements to the order of Jesuits. For example, Society of Jesus prepared not only faithful Catholics, but also its own new members. The author mentions the theaters of Jesuit collegiums, their specific purposes as an effective way of spreading Catholicism among Orthodox population. The article also deals with educational and training purposes of churches, libraries, orphanages and hospitals of Society of Jesus. The author states the ways of implementing and funding certain components of the aforementioned colleges and examines their role in the educational system of the Order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with diachronic of rethink by the philosophy of modern times primordial existential problems of man, come down to European consciousness through their crystallization in the Bible, which was formed in the controversy with the pagan-magical desire to dominate man in the world. Bible ceases to be arch myth-poetical folk stories, it has mainly intellectualists nature and aims to organize reality of life on eradication of mythologist, strengthening a sense of the significance of their own real history of the Jewish people and the nations that surround it as sacrosanct, a cautionary tale. A task knowledge of the laws of the Divine plan and the distinction between Good and Evil places in the centre of the world Deity becomes a breeding ground for Christian anthropocentrism that elevating man as the "image of God", seamlessly connects with theocentric situation, and it is different from anthropocentrism of ancient-Renaissance type, that really treats a person as theomachist and "ruler of nature", which is made later in the project Modern. That is, the latter is already present in the Bible in the "bound" form, and formed, in fact, in the bosom of the biblical worldview. This biblical rational concept was replaced by anthropocentric myth, utopian fantasies, mythologies of "secularized religion", the mythologizing of scientific knowledge and even revival of occultism. This situation makes the view look at the innovation and creativity of the project [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the domain of the Ukrainian history of philosophy one can clearly observe symptoms of eclecticism, contamination, and corruption. Such situation is rooted in continuous insufficiency of the methodological framework of Ukrainian philosophy, split by the demise of Soviet ideological structures. Critical condition of humanitarian epistemology is aggravated by the urgent need to overtake foreign studies in the corresponding field, which constantly increase in number and evolve in character. All of the aforementioned symptoms are indicative for historical and philosophical reception of Martin Heidegger's legacy by the Ukrainian academy. Heidegger studies have already formed a separate trend in the world philosophical discourse. We focus on critical assessment of certain reflexes, i.e. definite interpretative strategies providing different transcriptions of the same referents, i.e. definite philosophical forms, texts, or problems. In the general contour of Heidegger studies I differentiate the following reflexes: reflex of immanent hermeneutics, reflex of reductive interpretation, reflex of genetic historiography, and reflex of ideological historiography. In this paper I continue to identify transcriptions of "Heidegger's controversy" (the referent of historico-philosophical thought), provided by the reflex of ideological historiography. As I have recently identified the transcription of political implications of Heidegger's philosophy in the terms of sociology of knowledge, so now it comes to biographical transcription of Heidegger's political engagement, elaborated by Hugo Ott and Victor Farias. Critical assessment of their methodological approach revealed imposition of biographical objectivity on philosophy discourse, simplification of the complexity of philosophical form, and the pathos of elementary humanism as the ideological criterion of their research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the contemporary processes in the field of heraldry in Luhansk region limited by the chronological framework of the early 90's of the twentieth century till the present time. The choice of the theme is determined by the fact that no comprehensive analysis of the development of the city emblem has been made. It is also necessary to make historical and professional analysis of all its aspects, namely the peculiarities of its development, the features of the symbols of city signs, the problems of creation and confirmation of new emblems The author has studied the specific features of the heraldry formation in the region using periodical materials, documentary sources and images of emblems. The paper has traced the debates as of the re-approval of historical emblems of Luhansk and its evolution. A number of modern municipal emblems have been analyzed as regards their subject matter, color and symbols. The compliance of the emblem with the heraldry rules has been found out; their disadvantages have been described and proposal of their improvement have been suggested. It has been concluded that the modern heraldic process in the Luhansk region is characterized by simultaneous coexistence of professional and amateur emblem formation. According to the author's calculations, 28 of 37 cities are provided with municipal emblems but most of them must be improved because of their uniformity, colors congestion and low artistic level of accomplishment. The author cities the heraldry developments of specialists, members of Ukrainian Heraldry Society A.Zakoretskoho and O.Zhytnychenko as an example of successful emblems that correspond to classical heraldry and have a deep original symbolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the content of Soviet propaganda and agitation used in working with the Red Army personnel in the European theater of military operations at the final stage of World War II. The author identifies the interdependence between the ideological work among the Soviet troops and political relations of the USSR with the European countries which the Red Army planned to enter and with guideline documents on organization and carrying out of outreach activities. It is demonstrated that the communications work ensured an appropriate moral and psychological state of Red Army soldiers and officers, contributed to establishment of adequate interrelations with local communities of foreign countries, allies in arms of other nationalities and military units of European countries. For the sake of objectivity in treating this issue, however, it should be pointed out that there were some cases of pillage, moral and physical humiliation of inhabitants of the 'liberated' countries. Their repercussions adversely affected the postwar image of the Soviet Union and dwell within the hearts of contemporaries. It is concluded that during the work of Soviet propagandists on the eve of the Red Army entering the territory of European countries the genetic patriotism inherent in any person in circumstances which threaten his or her life, existence of his or her family and Motherland was developing into the patriotism with notes of political understanding of the goals of the Soviet Union in the European theater of military operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines twenty years' historical experience an the independent state - the Republic of Turkmenistan in securing the national security during the post-Soviet period in 1991-2011. Five Ph. D. Theses of Central Asian researchers, covering issues of the national, regional and international security policies, are analyzed. The main constitutional and legislative instruments which regulate the operation of the national security system are looked into. The main focus is external and internal threats in new geopolitical requirements. The structure and functions of the representative, legislative and executive bodies of the Republic are described as well as the personal role of the President in protection of national interests. It is emphasized that the country upholds permanent neutrality and builds up an up-to-date national army. The Armed Forces posture and readiness are examined. Characteristic features of the Republic's foreign policy implementation in Central Asia and elsewhere are identified. The engagement of Turkmenistan in regional and international organizations is highlighted. Laws regulating military service, staff training for the Ministry of Defense and the national defense setting are reviewed. The defensive nature of the Republic's military policy is emphasized. Today's military risks and threats to national security are described. The military cooperation with the Russian Federation, the USA, the NATO, the UN, the CIS, the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is analyzed. The Republic is ready to take part in international humanitarian and relief operations. Specific examples of the relationship with Ukraine in the military field are given. The role and place of the Republic of Turkmenistan in Central Asia and in the world are summarized. Turkmenistan guarantees its security by permanent neutrality which is recognized by the UN member countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two types of publications on the estimation of the investment demand on the part of the municipal infrastructure companies engaged in the production and distribution of electricity, gas and water have been considered in the paper. In the publications of the first type only the results are examined while in the second type of publications attention is paid to the approaches and models of forecasting demand, taking into account various factors. The essential difference in the estimates of the World Bank and the Ministries of Economy, Water and Environment of the countries of EECCA (Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia) and their partners, in the work of other authors made the corresponding forecasts for the development of the situation in heating, water supply and sewerage both in Ukraine, and in its immediate environment has been determined. In the works of the second group attention is concentrated on the approaches of the forecasting with the complex issues of urban development and technical and technological advances in the industry. The approaches to the planning of investment programs on infrastructure development in Russia, modeling financial strategy in the water and sewer sector in Central and Eastern Europe, the multivariant model forecast of development of Russian heat supply up to 2030, the implementation of the financial strategy of water supply development in Armenia have been considered. The author's approach to the estimation of the investment demand on the basis of the data of the financial accounts from the corresponding service providers has been offered. The calculations made with the help of this approach led to the conclusion that the need for housing and communal economy of Ukraine in the investments of 2008 exceeded the amount of the state budget of Ukraine and has a constant tendency to the growth in the last years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring sustainable development of the national economy is impossible without effective management of domestic corporations, the implementation of risk management systems in corporations, requires reliable assessment of the risks of modern corporations. Financial risks are the most threatening to the successful operation and development corporations, so their score will increase the efficiency of forecasting and risk management corporations. In this paper the technique of integral assessment of the financial risk of corporations based on fuzzy inference system Mamdani-Zadeh. ?t is universal and can be applied in other areas (industrial, commercial, investment, innovation). The developed method of estimating the integral of the financial risk of corporations can be used in decision-making processes of the operation and prediction of corporate activities and allows you to improve as a methodology of modern risk management, and risk management practices of domestic corporations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper determines the essence of marketing complex and authors' approach to its structure as two-contour model. It regards specific elements of city marketing complex (personnel, city philosophy and mission, perception, personal presentation, city image, profit, political influence, process) from the point of view of their importance in implementation of modern concepts of city development. It gives the grounding that the element "personnel" is rational in composition with other elements of marketing complex as it is included as personnel component into traditional elements of municipal marketing complex. The work equally distinguishes the trends of city marketing's use of instruments of impressions economics oriented towards the consumes' perception. The conclusion has been made concerning necessity of optimal combination of elements of marketing complex for most effective influence on city target groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]