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Based on an analysis of fundamental philosophical works of philosopher Volodymyr Soloviov "Justification of the Good" and "Law and Morality", the paper defines characteristics of justice, which allow perceiving it as a measure of interrelationship of morals and law, deed and retaliation. The author lays down the maxims of Volodymyr Soloviov's philosophical doctrine, which comprise the following: 1) recognition of criminal's and complainant's rights to state aid; 2) nonidentity of retaliation and current criminal laws; 3) respect for human dignity in any case; 4) necessity to influence a criminal solely through mutual understanding; 5) unjustifiability of punishment fromthe moral point of view; 6) necessity of social custody of a criminal [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays the Ukrainian historical and philosophical science is going through a harsh crisis of methodology, caused bydistortion of universal coordinates of scientific thinking allegedlyproviding the condition of the so-called methodological pluralism. Numerous discussions focus on the question about the very scientific nature of history of philosophy as a branch of knowledge. The tendencywhich appears to prevail in such disputes defines history of philosophy as philosophy in contrast to the opinion that history of philosophy should be rather seen as approximate to social history. This paper aims at revealing relevant methodological instruments of historical reconstruction of philosophical forms in the concreteness of their existence, conditioned by lives of real people with their real ends and drives. Thus we address Herbert Marcuse's critique of Martin Heidegger's philosophy, since once being a Heidegger's assistant he adopted a highly critical position towards his master's philosophy. Heidegger's Being and Time attracted Marcuse by existential analytics of Being-in-the-world of Dasein and the perspective on historicity of humane condition. In Marcuse's eye Heidegger had come close to the breakthrough towards maintaining of concrete philosophy, providing possibilities of philosophical approach to social realities. By 1932 Marcuse's attempts to reconcile categories of Heideggerian paradigm with strategies of Marxism proved to be a failure. After 1932 Marcuse finds the resources of theoretical enrichment in Marx's Economical and Political Manuscripts of 1844 and distances himself from Heidegger. Nevertheless Heideggerian moments appear to be employed further on in his thinking. Marcuse's critique provides us with an efficient assessment ofHeidegger's key concepts as neutralized terms, unable of reaching out to the very reality of human existence, being ideological doubles of sociologicaly valid terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I am going to depict and consider the meaning of authenticity in regard to the consciousness of absurd as it is an issue in the works of Albert Camus. As it is known, Camus makes the starting-point and a basic problem of his thought the tragedy of confrontation and clash between the rational human mind, experience, care and the un-rational world - world that just don't care. But this is also the clash where man has no more illusions and hopes. This is what exactly Absurd is. But there is a way which makes the absurdity of human life to be complete and happy life. This is the way of struggle for authenticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to put a stress on the significance of the context when facts from the history of philosophy are interpreted. The study of this particular case is based on research of archives, testifying simultaneously that the D. Michalchev - Rehmke's follower - positively appraises some of the ideas of Todor Pavlov while the Marxist, Nikolay Iribadzhakov, sharply criticizes him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper considers the last philosophical investigations and achievements in Bulgaria in the field of applied ontologies. It begins with a general review of the essence of ontology as a philosophical discipline and its close relationship with human knowledge as well as with the function of ontology as technology for the systematization of knowledge. Next the new arguments are considered in favour of the usefulness of process ontology as a general ontological framework, especially the basic statements of the theory of general processes, and the relationship of process ontology with the hierarchical levels of reality. It is paid a special attention on the substantiation and description of the differences between process and event in philosophical literature in the framework of contemporary process ontology. Finally, possible application is considered of process ontologies for the investigation and achievement of new knowledge with the help, first, of a formal-ontological model of the theory of general processes using an example of mereological formalization of dynamic (process) ontology, and second, of a process ontological approach to the investigation of the so-called anticipatory systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent article aims at investigating the prerequisites that lead to the appearance of Mark C. Teylor and Esa Saarinen's book Imagologies. Media Philosophy (1994) - the first cyber-hype book introducing the problems of media philosophy. Clarifying methodological advantages and disadvantages, which derive from the imposition of global village and technological determinism respectively, the paper is committed to an analysis of terms such as simcult, electronic discourse and hypertext within the framework of Regis Debray's conception on cultural transmission and Marshall McLuhan's theory of "The Medium is the Message". Last but not least, the rise of media philosophy as mediology is examined. In its turn, Saarinen's pathos in negating academic philosophy is traced from Imagologies to his practical philosophy based on the reconsidered role of Socratic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the basic elements and characteristics of the system of consumerism. Here are examined the main contemporary philosophical conceptualizations of the theme of contemporary consumer society. The influence of the "Diderot effect" on the system of consumerism is shown. It is analyzed the development of contemporary consumerism in relation with its opposite trends and moral strategies for achieving well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I will investigate and distinguish the basic form and meaning of the overcoming of nihilism in the philosophical thinking of Nietzsche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining approaches of classical text-based Islamic studies with social and intellectual history, the paper proposes a new interdisciplinary contribution in analyzing the philosophical legacy of Sadr al-Dīn al-Shīrazī known as Mullā Sadrā (d. 1636). His ideas are examined vis-à-vis the religio-political debates between Akhbārīs and Uṣūlūs in ShĐ'ī Islam. As a philosophical system incorporating elements from different traditions the doctrine of Mullā Sadrā is analyzed as one of the most powerful centers of intellectual synthesis throughout Islamic history. The adopted comparative perspective foregrounds and seeks to explore why two personalities as different as Sadr al-Dīn al-Shīrazī and Ayatollah Khumaynī (1902-1989) have enjoyed a similarly great influence in contemporary Iran. We argue that the study of such seeming paradoxes has a potential to reveal a new direction in the study of Islam and Muslim societies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the problem of rule following which is a traditional problem of the philosophy of language. Language communication is represented as a rule submitted activity. Two strategies of rule following are described. One of them is considered as habitual. It is strictly correlated with a system of social institutions and practices. The concept of habitus, developed by P. Bourdieu, is used for fuller investigation of this strategy. The other strategy is based on reflection. Reflective act implies alternative rules of communicative action and is correlated with responsible choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of the formation of present-day scientific knowledge is viewed in the paper through the prism of language. Language is seen here not merely as an external form vis-a-vis the content of scientific knowledge, but rather as the mode of emergence and existence of scientific knowledge as a certain reality (Shverev 2001: 509), the one that evolves as a result of cognitive and communicative practices in transdisciplinary studies. The mutual influence of the language of synergy and the synergy of language leads to a new unity of scientific experience and gives rise to the philosophy of transdisciplinarity (KuЯЩeHKo 2006; 17). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Not much attention has been given to material sources of civil law, in newer legal literature. It is evident that we are missing deeper researches which would contribute to the development of legal science, as well as the legal regulative in that field. It would definitively show that simplified, student book presentation of material sources is insufficient and outdated since long ago. Today, a lot of factors influence forming of civil law, such as: human needs, available resources, social relationships, legal tradition, value system, level of economic development, involvement in integration processes, legal politics, etc. It is indeed a very complex and important issue, which demands cooperation between experts in different fields. The author also points out the need for working on development of anthropology, sociology, philosophy, ethics, economy and politics of civil law, as separate scientific disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the landlord to victim, nature and our environment have gone the long way. It is destructed by the man, the only one that become from her. Deep ecology is a kind of philosophical theory , which would like to lead us to protect and respect our environment again, as we did it before. While trying to reconcile disfunctional parts of our lives and our indstialized present, deep ecology tried to resolve some rather important ecological issues. Although it is said that deep ecology is a kind of general and not so successful ecological philosophy, that it is quiet misanthropic, almost terroristic, this theory has been populated thru decades, especially in USA and scandinavian countries. We think that it is important to know where are its „rights“ and „wrongs“, so that we can make our future better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]