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The paper deals with the pupil's ideas of the concept of the "Human nervous system" at primary school with an emphasis on the identification of misconceptions. The theoretical starting point, which enables basic orientation in the issue, is work focused on pupils 'ideas, namely misconceptions (misconceptions of the curriculum) and preconceptions (pupils' imperfect ideas about the concept). The research tool for identifying the pupil's ideas of the concept was a phenomenon interview. The research sample consisted of pupils in the 7th grade of primary schools. The participant sample was selected on the basis of deliberate selection. At the end of the paper we present the identified misconceptions of the examined concept on the basis of a qualitative analysis of the obtained data and recommend conclusions for the pedagogical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence on the preparation and implementation of sex education in the Czech Republic is very limited as regards both the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports (the Ministry of Education) and researchers. Relevant systematic reviews are non-existent. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to assess the current status of school-based sex education in the Czech Republic and identify the limits of research into sex education provided by Czech elementary schools in terms of its theoretical, research-based, and legal background, as well as its practical application. CONTENT: The first few sections of this article outline the framework for understanding sex education and its role in the school curriculum. It briefly defines the concept of sex education, explains the role of the applicable legal documents and the Ministry of Education, and summarises the theoretical materials that are available (including relevant international documents). The second part focuses on the methods and results - a review of research evidence pertaining to school-based sex education. The article includes an overview of some external sex education programmes delivered in the Czech Republic. DATA SOURCES: Most of the research carried out in the Czech Republic on the topic of sex education is part of bachelor's or master's theses at universities. This paper is based mainly on students' thesis-related research conducted in the past five years (n=9). These theses were often used as sources for articles published later on in journals and yearbooks. CONCLUSION: Sex education is mostly taught in middle schools and is not comprehensive (biological aspects are highlighted). Teachers usually use frontal teaching together with video projection; the utilisation of active participation methods is minimal. Some schools use external programmes. Cooperation between the school and family is not common. Selective or indicated prevention is rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]