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This paper analyzes the central role played by Argentinian modernista writer Enrique Rodriguez Larreta in the vindication of the Castilian cultural heritage in early 20thcentury Argentina. As part of the wave of hispanophile sentiment produced by the Spanish-American War and the debates on identity linked to the celebration of Argentina's Independence Centenary, Larreta aims to create a new Argentinian identity of Castilian filiation based on the Spanish cultural heritage epitomized by Golden Age. This profoundly conservative aesthetic project finds expression in his successful historic novel La gloria de don Ramiro, conceived as an archaist textual simulacrum that reconstructs the historical reality of Phillip II's reign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the 20th century, the Basque nationalist movement imitated other movements that took place in other stateless nations around the World, in order to achieve their own cultural and political independence. Because of that, Basque nationalism (either moderate or radical and revolutionary) observed with great interest the process of independence in African nations and their fight to recover their ancestral cultures. On the other hand, the fact that Spain (the greatest enemy of Basque nationalism) had some colonies in Africa contributed to create a feeling of sympathy between Basque nationalism and some cultural and political movements in Africa. In this paper I analyze the relationship between Basque nationalism and the movements for African independence, in both cultural and political contexts. I pay special attention to differences between the PNV and ETA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sabino Arana was the founder of Basque Nationalism and set up the main symbols of the Basque Country. From his death in 1903, Arana himself became an essential symbol of Basque Nationalism, due to the mythification of his figure, carried out by his disciples and followers. This paper analyses the cult to Sabino Arana within Basque Nationalism from 1903 to the present, focusing in particular in its heyday during the Spanish Second Republic and its continuity in exile during Franco's Dictatorship. Arana is a very controversial symbol, exalted by Basque Nationalists and, in contrast, disparaged by non-Basque Nationalists, who have never considered him the real Father of the Basque Nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]