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During the first decades of the 20th century, the supply of paper for the printing industries in Mexico became a problematic issue. Production difficulties, price increases and poor distribution during the monopoly of the San Rafael factory started a deep debate on the modernization and interference of the State in the paper industry. This article analyzes the transition between the private monopoly and the creation of the public company, Productora e Importadora de Papel Sociedad Anónima (PIPSA) in 1935, during the government of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940). Through parliamentary debates, press articles and ministerial reports, the questioning of the monopoly as a public policy, the birth of PIPSA and the results in its first years of operation will be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at identifying good practices in different systems of Vocational Education and Training (VET) around the world and in some regions of Mexico, with the purpose of designing a new vocational model for the state of Guanajuato, integrating the educational and employability dimensions, and considering the new trends in vocational systems, that have evolved from an exclusive action of educational centers, towards a new conception that integrates strategic actions carried out collaboratively by educational, governmental, social and economic actors in the region. This is a research project where a documentary analysis methodology is applied, exploring different sources and references of vocation systems that have been implemented by different countries and in other states of the Mexican Republic, to make the proposal of a new vocation model, which is the theoretical-practical reference to coordinate the actions of different actors in the region, which facilitates adequate decision-making by Guanajuato students about the continuation of their educational preparation at the high school and college levels, in addition to the best option for employment. The resulting model integrates two major conceptual axes and four subcategories in each axis, so that it is the initial input for the design of state public policies, as well as the formation of strategies in the educational, social and economic sectors of the state of Guanajuato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with popular dissatisfaction with liberal-capitalist democracy, at the beginning of the 21st century there is a governmental shift to the left in Latin America, in which Mexico is recently participating, with the arrival of the Morena party to power. The social movements that promote these political projects convey leftist utopias that seek to institutionalize themselves in political systems and public policies. However, this process of utopian institutionalization presents tensions and contradictions within the so-called party-movements. In this paper I present a methodological proposal for utopian analysis, which I apply to the "Colectivo La Calle", a group that is part of the lopezobradorista movement in Mexico. I analyze three utopias mediated by this group and find that indeed the Colectivo is mobilizing against Morena's pragmatism. This result adds to previous literature, which, given contemporary governmental experiences, questions the ability of the Latin American institutional left to overcome conservative hegemony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international utilization of the evaluation of programs is limited, in Mexico too. The objective of this paper is to analyze the recommendations made by the evaluation of federal programs in Mexico during 2007-2017, their commitments and the actual fulfilment of them; to review possible explanations and to make suggestions, in the case of National System of Researchers. The methodology used is based on the analysis of documental information and interviews. The results present recommendations that were not transformed into institutional commitments and recurrent issues that have not been fully resolved, particularly, the difficulty to undertake high impact evaluations. It concludes the need to make changes in the organizations of evaluation that favor the analyzed use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes job training strategies oriented to young people, as carried out by organizations in Mexico's civil society. The objective is to share experiences that can enrich proposed high school curriculums. These experiences discuss alternative methodologies rather than traditional pedagogical techniques, and turn to the value of students' own knowledge and background. The text concludes by presenting reflections on the potential and challenges that these organizations face, as well as recommendations for policies, institutional management, alliances, and financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the programs and social development actions that have been applied in Mexico during the period 2009 to 2016 with the purpose of comparing the number of programs and the level of existing linkage with the target population. It was identified that there is a decoupling of public policies aimed at social development, mainly on the issue of exclusion, inequity, approach, and some programs do not have the targeting of their target population. Family agriculture should be considered as the axis for the articulation of public policies and should be inclusive of all types of family farmers that exist in the Mexican countryside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key part of the Mexican economy are the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) because they represent a great part of the industrial universe in the country, they are more than 90% of the total companies. Their contribution is remarkable, in the labor and economic aspects, for this reason their progress contribute to the wellness of the people. One of the main tools of the State to improve continuously the productive conditions is the planning and implementation of public policies that strengthen and develop the key aspects of MSMEs. Through these policies there are presented economic support programs that can focus on different aspects and needs they have. The objective of this paper is to analyze if the financial reforms that were carried out in Mexico during 2014 have facilitated the access to credit and the financing of MSMEs. The methodology that was used to elaborate this study was through a multivariate analysis by two methods: a) hierarchical methods (dendogram) and multidimensional scaling techniques (MDS), ten variables were applied to all the entities of The Mexican Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analize four competitiveness indices for Mexican federative entities produced by two local higher educational institutions and two local agencies. The results indicate that while these studies require indicators to continuously improve their quality and explanatory power, these changes are greater compared to the main international competitiveness indices. Relevance and reliability for the economic planning will be greater for decision makers, policy makers and individuals concerned as usefulness and benchmarks in the design and monitoring of local public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyze how the video surveillance puts the personal data that manage in a space of legal indeterminacy, and how generates process of social and space classification that derive, sometimes, in forms of social exclusion. The perspective that frame the capacity that individuals have to construct autonomy and control spaces against the stratification and domination logics. From this perspective, it's analyzed how the weak or inexistent regulation of video surveillance cameras in Mexico can affect the citizenship practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-enterprises have traditionally been considered a burden for development, from both the theoretical perspective of social sciences as well as policy praxis. However, for some years now, some of the specialized literature has presented evidence that despite their low productivity, the contribution of the informal economy to job creation and income in less-developed economies is significant. Given that other countries have begun to develop policies to encourage productivity in the informal sector, the main purpose of this paper is to understand, through a review of the regulations that support micro-enterprises, as well as new decrees and regulations, the current position of Mexico in this debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourse theory is useful for understanding the creation of borders, whether material or imaginary. This paper addresses three situations on Mexico's southern border between 2000 and 2015 in which elements of discourse theory may be applied. The outcomes were the following: 1) correlations may be made between the elements of the discourse moving from the northern to the southern border, but not in the opposite direction; 2) the process of securitising the discourse about migrants is continuous, and new securitising elements are regularly added; 3) an "elastic borders" phenomenon exists, where borders extend or retract, thereby creating new border regions; and 4) discourses around the southern border are constructed with more pejorative elements than the northern, despite the fact that crime rates are higher in the north. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the economic, politic and social conditions around the construction of the Queretaro’s Intercontinental Airport in Mexico. Rural communities surround this airport and the research is oriented to analyze what kinds of changes have been produced in one of the most important locality: San José de Navajas. In order to do so, it is study the negotiation process that allow to expropriate the community land, the conflicts generated as a result of it and the changes in the labor conditions and labor identity of the inhabitants. The research team also studies the expectative of development created in the community as a result of the arrival of foreign direct investment, which supposed to create new jobs in benefit of the community. The results of the research show how negatives effects are produced when government takes unilateral decisions and do not consider the opinion of the community residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]