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The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on the global economy and especially on tourism. Though, the effects of the health crisis have been geographically uneven. This paper aims to understand the socioeconomic and labour consequences of this crisis in one of the main tourist municipalities on the Spanish Mediterranean coast, Lloret de Mar. It is a prototype of a Fordist city based on tourism. To achieve this, quantitative and qualitative techniques are combined. The extreme vulnerability of this productive model was shown with the interruption of the tourist activity. COVID-19 exacerbated the structural crisis of the destination. Various indicators demonstrate that its socioeconomic situation is worse than that of the majority of Catalan municipalities. Lloret is at the forefront among the municipalities with the lowest median income per consumption unit, and among those where the pandemic had a higher incidence in terms of income reduction and inequality. Broken the balance between work, unemployment insurance and informal activities, the crisis exacerbated the vulnerability of its workforce, especially those who could not take advantage of public protection mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moratoriums constitute strategies and instruments used by public policies to establish limitations of the growth in the tourist accommodation. They are usually justified by the need to correct market failures and incorporate rationality criteria in the territorial development of tourism from approaches linked to sustainability. Thus, they contemplate some measures aimed at establishing quantitative, qualitative and temporal limits and rhythms of tourist containment, which, in some cases, are aimed at regrowh, postgrowth or degrowth. However, sometimes these measures result from regulatory capture processes. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the measures to contain and limit the growth of the tourist accommodation supply of the tourist moratoriums. The intention is to determine if some of them approached the tourism post-growth paradigm, as well as detect some non-existent effects. desired. We base ourselves on the paradigmatic evidence of the moratorium on tourist accommodation implemented in the Canary Islands (Spain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature-based tourism has been gaining momentum over the last decades, with special development in protected areas as the main destinations; mostly after the pandemic and within the new dynamics caused by the crises. This paper focuses on Spain as a case study. It provides a state of the art and analyses some of the post-pandemic recovery policies materialised, in this case, in tourism sustainability plans for the creation of supply around high-value natural areas. The risks derived from the adoption of regrowth measures make some considerations necessary. Also, the proposal of alternatives for the promotion of recreational practices linked to different conservation instruments, as well as the proposal of actions within the tourism containment and degrowth frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The socio-economic consequences of the volcanic eruption that destroyed part of the Valle de Aridane (La Palma, Canary Islands) in 2021 have provided a favourable context for strengthening a narrative that sees an intense and accelerated tourist development of La Palma as the only viable economic option for the island's future. Although the discourse is not new, the wide convergence of political and business actors that endorse it leads one to believe that it is the most solid attempt to reverse the traditional productive structure of the island. It is dominated by banana cultivation and a model of tourism development that is far away from the dominant patterns in the Canary Islands. In this paper, we analyze the territorial planning of tourism in La Palma since 1990, demonstrating the role played in its evolution by the transition from Keynesian- style regulatory approaches to others clearly indebted to neo-liberal principles. It also shows the validity of the postulates of tourism development formulated in 1971 to understand the territorial model aspired to by the aforementioned actors, who use the crisis cycle culminating in the volcanic eruption of 2021 to construct a narrative that justifies their model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wine-growing areas of the Douro river have achieved a great commercial projection under the protection of territorial brands that guarantee their quality in global markets. However, the evolution of consumer preferences and the limits and contradictions of the production models in the vineyard and in the winery, explain the emergence of new differentiation strategies. This article analyses the case of the PDO, where the specificity of its main variety -verdejo- and the investments made to modernise the sector, generated an unusual economic and demographic dynamism in a region where depopulation was widespread. An accelerated growth of vine plantations and wine production and the commercial blockade resulting from COVID-19 have acted as a catalyst in the activation of singularisation strategies. Using participatory methods, the paper explores these processes of change and the role that landscape -as an expression of territorial and viticultural diversity-can play in the marketing of singular wines from La Seca. This municipality, located in the heart of the PDO, stands out for its winemaking tradition and business dynamism, being the most densely wine-growing area in the region of Castilla y León (Spain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the significance of cooperatives in the territorial development of the province of Chefchaouen on the basis of the actions linked to the National Initiative for Human Development (INDH) between 2011-2018. Both quantitative methodology is used, to analyse variables such as the number of cooperatives, projects implemented, investment made or subsidies received or their territorial distribution, and qualitative methodology through information obtained from 12 in-depth interviews conducted in the field. The quantitative results show the scarcity of cooperatives and subsidised projects, as well as their concentration in the most dynamic communes, marginalising the poorest territories. Respondents' answers reveal the importance of the Initiative's support both for the implementation of projects and for improving the competitiveness of cooperatives. Other relevant aspects are, among others, the identification of the obstacles that still hinder the development of the cooperative fabric. It is concluded that the study area has not benefited sufficiently from this aid due to the lack of support and dynamization of the different institutions, and it is proposed that development and cooperation offices with the necessary human and logistical resources be created at the provincial level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacation home is a thriving form of accommodation in Spain that arouses great interest among academics from various disciplines. Most of the studies have focused on regulatory aspects, the type of business and the impact generated on tourism activity, the economy, urban spaces, the population and the environment. Few works have addressed the citizen perception of this type of accommodation, having focused on micro analyses. This paper analyzes the perception of the residents of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria based on a self-made survey that has been analyzed at a municipal and intra-urban scale. Specifically, it is proposed in this article to know the perception of residents about the impact that this type of accommodation has on the economy, housing, heritage, culture and neighborhood identity of the municipality and analyze the underlying reasons. The results allow us to recognize that, firstly, the opinion of the residents is not negative in general terms and, secondly, that this perception shares the economic rationality with which tourist activity in general is judged and is conditioned by the contact directly with the activity and for personal interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with the generalized idea that protected natural areas were and are created to protect a unique, biodiverse or threatened nature, this article explores other reasons, which often go unnoticed, but which are perhaps more powerful and influential in promoting the protection of certain territories. From the point of view of environmental history and social geography, using historiographical and qualitative techniques, the discourses, socio-political situations and the representations and interests of the actors involved in the conservationist objectives of Tablas de Daimiel National Park and Doñana as a backdrop, are analysed here with the aim of understanding many of the realities experienced - conflictual or not - in the protected areas. The paper relates the representation of nature with the knowledge and power that the expert naturalist possesses over it and applies to its management and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work goal is to evaluate the use of cadastral information -geographical and literal- to determine and quantify the changes in crop types between two dates. The changes in an agricultural area of the Alboraya municipality since 1930 are studied. As information source, the cadastral parcel data of the cadastral polygon 4 of the municipality is studied. The Topographical Cadastral Map (TCM) of 1930 is used as old cadastral information, and the associated listing of parcels in paper format. This old information is compared with the current cadastral information. This research compares the crops registered on both dates. Along the process, the factors, characteristics and conditions to accomplish by the information of the study are also studied - availability, format, age, production technique, and georreferencing- to evaluate the method's advantages and limitations. As conclusion, remark on the utility of the old cadastral maps to detect crop changes. The TCM use allows quantifying and delimitating the produced changes in each territory element with detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of current climate change, it is a priority to develop mechanisms that facilitate the integration of the public's perspective in the fight against this phenomenon. Organisations such as the IPCC have highlighted the importance of paying attention, in the inexorable transition that is approaching, to the perception and experiences of the population as sources of information complementary to scientific evidence. In addition, it is of interest to check the assessment of institutional action in this respect and the degree of social awareness of this global challenge. Thus, this paper, based on an extensive survey carried out on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands), analyses the resident population's perception of the causes and effects of climate change, as well as their environmental commitment and knowledge of governmental mitigation and adaptation initiatives. There is a high degree of concern about the issue among citizens, who support the existence of climate change, say they know what it consists of and generally have a negative view of the actions of public administrations, and are unaware of the initiatives that have been approved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Those requiring emergency health care cannot wait. Ambulances must arrive at the scene as quickly as possible. Ambulances are usually assigned to bases distributed throughout the city to minimize arrival time to the event. However, the spatial distribution of events changes during the day according to people's rhythm and city use. This paper evaluates, through location-allocation modelling, the Spatio-temporal performance of SAMUR-PC, the Emergency Medical Service of Madrid (Spain), in two different scenarios, before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the first months of the new normality period. The results show that the system responded relatively well to the change in event patterns due to the pandemic. However, some interventions would have been necessary to guarantee the same service as before the epidemiological crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, research which highlights the role of the different stakeholders, who participate in fire management, has gained importance. Recently, some studies have also incorporated a geographical approach, exploring the territorial aspects of this management. However, to date there is a lack of investigations in this regard in the world's tropical areas. The present paper pretends to contribute to the filling of this knowledge gap, analysing the situation in recent years (2016-2020) in the Los Tuxtlas mountains (Mexico), an area with a remarkable incidence of forest fires. This is based on the review of official data and the application of interviews to representatives of the different actors. The processing of the data has included textual analysis, which has revealed the actors' diverse management activities. A cartography of the organizational geography and the networks of cooperation has been presented to deepen the understanding of the actors' territorial configuration. The results show areas with an outstanding presence of different actors and a dense social network, but also other zones with low or zero activity. Finally, the paper discusses the reasons of this configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial network of international corporate connections filtered in the so-called Panama papers has been analysed for the whole of Europe. This has allowed us to know the spatial morphology of the financial structure of capital evasion from Europe to tax havens around the world. It also makes it possible to map financial capital flows in Europe, identifying their points of origin, transit and destination. The result reveals the existence of different financial spaces within the continent, as well as territories outside Europe that are under the geopolitical control of the EU, and which constitute critical nodes as the final destination of capital. The most important by far belongs to the remains of the English colonial empire. It is a space used by the United Kingdom to establish a global financial network with its epicentre in the City and its final destination in the British Virgin Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the introduction of the "gentrification" concept by Ruth Glass in 1964, Anglo-Saxon urban geographers have extensively studied the process and phenomenon of gentrification. In recent years, gentrification studies have moved beyond the Anglo-Saxon academic field. This paper aims to review the current stage of English-Language gentrification studies about China. Using the case of China, the paper argues that gentrification can be generalized to a universally applied paradigm. However, the challenges of studying gentrification in any country are to transfer and adapt the broad paradigm that could capture the complexities of local conditions. Scholars studying gentrification in China have recognized the local and national differences that are specific to China and have worked out to establish their own theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides evidence for the racialization of urban neighborhoods in Kansas City Missouri, USA and the ways in which voluntary associations of citizens work to resist and reduce conditions of urban vulnerability. The paper presents data from historical patterns of raciallybiased real estate practices, including redlining, and demonstrates how these patterns continue to shape the politics of vulnerability in the region today. Three neighborhood profiles provide evidence of the ways in which local neighborhood associations are organized to respond to both social and spatial conditions of vulnerability. In contrast to the estimates of low community resilience in these neighborhoods, the author demonstrates that neighborhood empowerment is an important counterpoint to concentrated vulnerabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last 50 years there have been significant changes in land cover and land use, mainly those classified as artificial. This process, and its generalisation on a global scale, affect directly the basic functions of the soil, increasing other problems such as the loss of biodiversity, pollution, soil degradation, flooding and the effects of climate change. In the study area (Mazarrón, Region of Murcia) this problem is exemplary: the binomial urban development associated with the increase of beach tourism and intensive agriculture (under greenhouses) alter drastically the nature of the soil. The aim of this paper is twofold: to establish a supervised classification model that distinguishes, with an assumable error, the different classes established, highlighting those considered as sealed surfaces and, in addition, to make a comparison with the latest Corine Land Cover available information (2018). For this purpose, Sentinel 2A satellite images were selected and a maximum likelihood classification was performed. To validate the results, a confusion matrix was developed and an overall accuracy of 89% was obtained. Finally, a significantly underestimation by the Corine Land Cover of 75% of the sealed surfaces was observed, mainly due to its resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arctic was a relevant hotspot during the Cold War. Years later, the global warming derived from climate change is producing transformations that reveal different possibilities to exploit the Arctic's wealth: natural resources, new trade routes, and tourist activities. This range of opportunities has raised tensions among Russia and United States and European countries. Since 2008, the European Union has been developing its own policy for the Arctic space, being security one of the main challenges that it has to tackle as an international organization. This paper, examines this European Arctic policy through the Conventions Theory to identify the evolution of security issues in the European Union's discourse on the Arctic territory. In order to analyze the situation, we use N-Vivo software to encode the content of fundamental documents published by the EU up to 2021 concerning the Arctic region. The results reflect how security and defense issues have gone from being of secondary importance to being one of the fundamental axes of the current European Arctic policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After its political independence in 1956, Morocco faced different socio-economic problems. This paper shows the development policy implemented in the country, especially that related to the fight against poverty and inequalities. Development policy is analyzed from the first years of independence to 2004. The few good results obtained forced the national government to face such problems through a new development model. Thus, since 2005, the National Initiative for Human Development (NIHD) was initiated. However, this research shows that the NIHD's investments have been directed mainly to the most populated areas and have a null impact on the indicators that measure social problems such as poverty. Therefore, it is clear that the NHRI is not the "magic" solution to the social issue in the country. Regarding the methodology, quantitative and qualitative information has been combined. The first allows for the extraction of indicators for its graphic and cartographic representation and the second allows for an analysis of the assessments expressed by the public actors involved in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish tourism sector, and specifically its labor force, has been severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. According to official data, the aftermaths are variated concerning diversity of regions, territorial typologies, and segments of the tourism industry. In addition, differential impacts can be observed by sex. This paper deepens into the impacts, both territorial and gendered, in tourism employment as a consequence of the first wave of the pandemic (spring 2020). Selected structural variables related, both to the characteristics of the territories and to the activity, have been considered. The first step in the study has been setting up a database concerning structural and short-term indicators, at the provincial and municipal levels. Thematic cartography and principal component analysis have been carried out, complemented with spatial autocorrelation analysis (Moran's Index). The study reveals that highly specialized tourist locations (sun and beach places), were very vulnerable, related to the drop of the international demand. On the contrary, rural mountain areas have shown high levels of resilience, according to the preferences of national tourism during the summer of 2020. Female labor in the tourist industry also experienced a significant decrease, although its behavior is quite similar to the activity as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research focuses on the analysis of the housing public policy trajectory in Spain from 1956 to 2020, emphasizing the social and residential emergency over sixty years aiming to show up the current conjuncture and future challenges in the post-pandemic scenario. According to that, it has been developed an exhaustive search in statistics and bibliographical legal databases. The paper deeps on the public housing policy through the different frameworks of actions over sixty years, their comparison to the European context, and the introduction of the geography of housing emergency aggravated by the impact of the COVID-19 crisis. From the mentioned analysis, it is suggested the necessity to impulse, regarding the several Recovery Post-COVID-19 Plans, ambitious public housing and rental plans in Spain, as a way to contribute to repair during the next decade the lack of public housing policies aligned with the surrounding European states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and its effects will be an important factor for the future of tourist destinations. On the Mediterranean basin its influence on water availability will be remarkable. It might have influence on the attractiveness of destinations, and it could affect tourist arrivals. However, there is a little knowledge about how tourists perceive the decrease of water availability and how it is linked with climate change. This paper analyses some of these perceptions from the results obtained carrying out 752 surveys on 19 different tourist accommodation establishments located on the Muga river basin, on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Results determine that some factors of the tourists and their motivations to stay at the destination can be explicative to explain their different perception and behaviour on climate change and water availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a study of the current door-to-door accessibility of inter-island air transport as an element of territorial cohesion in the Canary Islands. The methodology used makes a diagnosis considering several key aspects: frequencies, seat availability, door-to-door rates and their impact on the profiles of travellers with the highest demand. In the same way, the schedules that, together with the transport times, provide us in the destinations with a final hourly availability for the traveller, all in a round trip and in the same day. We conclude that accessibility has improved considerably in recent years, but there is a lack of time availability for travellers in some destinations, imposing high extra costs for them, an aspect to which little attention has been given, since the studies have only focused mainly on airfares. In summary, there is a territorial integration deficit, especially for residents of the islands of El Hierro and La Gomera, which must be corrected by the administration, extending the operating hours of the airport infrastructures, and also by the airlines, also expanding their hours of operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to answer to some of the challenges generated by the dynamics of Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) in a territory characterized by its dispersed urban structure is the origin of this work. LULCC can be generators of risk spaces and costs associated with urban sprawl, among which the fires in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) and the unsustainable mobility of a dispersed population stand out. The general objective of this paper is to analyze, on one hand, the territorial and landscape dynamics in a municipality of the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona, Matadepera, that have generated vulnerable spaces using a quantitative methodology, to determine the evolution of the LULCC using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). On the other hand, the use of qualitative methodology, allows knowing the voice of the resident population from semi-structured interviews. The diagnosis allows us to propose alternatives to moderate or even overcome the consequences of these challenges. Each territory has local development opportunities that allow a more sustainable relationship with the environment. Understanding the dynamics of LULCC allows us to find opportunities and alternatives for improvement in territorial management and planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the effects of the Black Death of the Late Middle Ages (AD 1348-1351) on the forests and economic activities in an intra-mountainous valley within the Central Iberian Meseta based on high-resolution pollen records. To better understand the effects of that pandemic, the article delves into the palaeoenvironmental record of five peat bogs over a broad chronological span from the twelfth to the fourteenth centuries. This shows that the Black Death caused a slowdown in economic activities -agriculture, tree cultivation, livestock raising- and the consequent recovery of forests, except in mountain areas where less control of livestock passes led to degradation of woodlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vineyards are very abundant in Spain and have a great capacity to generate toponymy. In this paper, the distribution of vineyard place names has been analyzed, in order to know if the frequency of these names is similar between territories and if they are associated with the crops. For this, firstly, the vineyard toponyms of the Basic Geographic Gazetteer of Spain have been identified. Subsequently, a goodness of fit test has been carried out between the distribution of the observed place names and those which would derive from its proportional distribution taking into account the total area of each region and its area of vineyards. Finally, an independence test between the distribution of the place names and the crops has been carried out. Goodness of fit and independence have been checked using the Chi-square test. The results show that vineyard toponymy is not distributed evenly between regions and there is an association between toponymy and vine cultivation. However, this does not occur in all regions: there are areas where today such association is unrecognizable due to the cultivated areas with no toponymy and others with a high frequency of fossilized place names which mark where the old vineyard landscapes are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The announcement of the start of the summer tourist season in Spain, in the middle of the SARS CoV-2 pandemic, although it is an encouraging new, brought with it a number of uncertainties linked to guaranteeing the exercise of the activity in conditions of health safety. In this paper, an initial approximation to Andalusian Atlantic beaches carrying capacity to absorb the recreational and tourist demand has been carried out. For this purpose, the useful beach area is calculated, using the latest available aerial orthophotography (2016) and the analytical functionalities of the Geographical Information Systems. Three occupation scenarios are built according to the useful beach area per user and the establishment of one or two visiting shifts. The results show how scenario 1 could accommodate all of the potential users in a single shift. Scenario 2 could only accommodate all users by establishing a double shift and in scenario 3, neither the establishment of a double shift could accommodate residents. Although the results must be completed with analysis at more fine scales, they are a necessary first approximation that can be useful for decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last three decades, state intervention through urban regeneration has focused on 'fixing' perceived social and spatial vulnerabilities within particular neighbourhoods, communities or city spaces but has often generated new urban crises. Previous research examining regeneration over significant periods of time in the UK and Ireland, suggests that often the same spaces and communities are subject to repeated rounds of intervention. In this paper, the thirty year trajectory of regeneration in Dublin Docklands is examined. The importance of global flows of capital and how they are mediated by local contexts, actors and institutions through roll-back, roll-out and roll-with-it forms of neoliberalisation are examined. Since the global financial crisis, neoliberal governmentalities have been more deeply embedded in place through new institutions and the formation of a new growth machine that has produced new vulnerabilities. Dublin Docklands has been successfully commodified and marketized through the sustenance, albeit changing, of a growth logic over more than 30 years. Yet significant challenges related to governance, social inclusion and spatial justice remain, and arguably have been (un-) intentionally co-produced in new forms by sustained rounds of state intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines tenant evictions as a main expression of accumulation by dispossession in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. We analyze the spatial distribution of forced tenant evictions and its outcomes in the historical neighborhood of El Toscal. Our study focus on the interplay between tenant evictions, new waves of gentrification and class struggles in the city center. By drawing on official statistics of the General Council of the Judiciary and on interviews, we explore the interlinked nature of evictions, the expansion of short-term rentals for touristic scopes, and the displacement of popular classes in El Toscal. We found that dispossession via touristification in the neighborhood occurs but it is neither perceived as a factor displacing residents, nor protest or resistance by neighbors. Nevertheless, our findings show that a new wave of gentrification in the central areas of El Toscal, where disinvestment and vacant dwellings concentrate, will take place in the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to identify the main factors that favor growth in developing countries by analyzing the most influential variables selected by scientific literature specifically on developing countries. We also studied the impact of ICT on growth and whether such impact is conditioned by the interaction of ICT variables with other local factors. Thus, a factor analysis was performed on a sample of 90 countries and a cluster analysis was carried out to identify the groups of countries that had a specific pattern, according to the factors. Finally, a regression analysis was performed to estimate the impact of each of the factors on the countries' GDP per capita. The results were the validity of the selection of the variables and factors through empirical study, the influence of the ICT factor is maximized when it interacts with other factors, and Globalization contributes less to growth because these countries are mostly in the export phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its creation in 1945 Unesco has experienced a progressive approach to the territory. This has taken place mainly, but not only, through programmes aimed at the preservation of natural and cultural heritage, a field in which the organization has become a doctrinal reference and in label of prestige. But the territory does not always appear explicitly in them and as a clear reference. Territorial information is often superficial and with dispersed, fragmentary and almost cryptic nature. This paper aims to identify the ways in which the territory is present in Unesco's territorial heritage programmes. In order to do so, these programmes are conceptualized, identifyed and researched in their spatial references from a dual kind concept of territory (political-administrative and geographical) and from two seemingly opposing spatial scales (global and local). It is concluded, with the preference of Unesco by the political territory against the geographical one, particularly at global scales; instead, in local ones, the territory seen in geographical bases becomes more and more relevant, although always with an important prominence of the States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban agriculture has been an emerging phenomenon for several decades, and it has contributed new meanings to agricultural practice, beyond the productive one, it has endowed it a social function aimed to different population groups. And it can be seen as an opportunity to recover abandoned spaces, giving them a new identity in the city. In Malaga city 19 urban gardens have been inventoried, promoted by both public and private organizations. The aim of this paper is to analyze them: information, both cuantitative and cualitative, has been obtained from interviews with promoters of these orchards in order to highlight their most outstanding features in terms of operation, socio-economic characteristics of the users, management, motivations and typology. Our findings show not only the diversity of existing projects, but also their benefits related with the personal development of users, the family economy and the urban environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of Transboundary Protected Areas (TBPAs) have been designated in the last decades. Transboundary Biosphere Reserves represent one of the most valued instruments. TBPAs are usually conceived around international borders; however, these devices can be applied to internal boundaries -- i.e., for this study, the administrative limits between Autonomous Communities. This paper seeks to apply the theoretical framework of transboundary conservation to three Biosphere Reserves located on the border between Galicia, Asturias and León. These are the Biosphere Reserve of Río Eo, Oscos and Terras de Burón; the Biosphere Reserve of Os Ancares Lucenses and Montes de Cervantes, Navia and Becerreá; and the Biosphere Reserve of Los Ancares Leoneses. Qualitative research techniques, through semistructured interviews to key stakeholders, are employed to grasp their perceptions as regards the running of this device. This research proves that horizontal cooperation between Autonomous Communities is still weak and that having joint management devices does not guarantee success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the results of two territorial diagnoses for employment and local development carried out in two rural regions of the province of Valencia. These diagnostics showed that these territories have abundant natural resources, but that lack of competent actors to dynamize them properly; either because they lack the means to do so (access to sources of financing, transport or basic infrastructure), or because they are not trained for it (aging population with lack of training), or because they do not have enough initiative (installed in a comfort zone). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mismatch between basic household needs and the conditions and characteristics of dwellings is at the centre of residential vulnerability. According to the guidelines established in the international and national level, this paper aims to apply a two-dimensional perspective in urban and housing research. Indeed, the concept of residential vulnerability is used to address, jointly, the areas and social groups at risk due to housing characteristics and conditions. By analysing 2011 Population and Housing Census data, three indicators were developed, linking physical housing conditions to relevant social dimensions. This integrated perspective is used to identify the size and range of residential vulnerability situations brought about by the physical characteristics of dwellings and how they link to relevant social dimensions in the Andalusia metropolitan system. Results revealed significant deficiencies in housing conditions, yielding different impacts by metropolitan area and social group. Although the reported problems did not affect a sizeable proportion of the population, they proved relevant given the severity of the issues addressed and the social groups involved. These shortcomings should constitute a priority for sustainable housing policies and urban plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban mobility model based on the use of the private car has important environmental and spatial consequences in contemporary cities. Nonetheless, the automotive industry has attempted to refuse these negative impacts employing a rhetoric discourse following their self-interests. Advertising has become a valuable tool for that purpose: beyond its commercial function, it transfers to the consumer certain symbolic meanings that are juxtaposed on the car in so far as merchandise. Thus, through the advertising message, an intentional and biased image of urban landscapes and public spaces is constructed, playing an important role at the service of the car industry and the road traffic. This paper addresses these mechanisms of production and reproduction of a deliberate image through the Critical Discourse Analysis. For that purpose, a sample of 81 car adverts broadcasted in Spanish TV channels was examined. Using both representations of specific cities and other idealized models, it is concluded that car advertising projects a softened urban image, reducing the complexity of urban forms and functions to a mere scenery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to obtain mobility parameters from the urban area of Valencia using geolocated data from Twitter. The objectives are: recognizing the scale of the movements depending on the visit frequency and quantifying the impact of the urban sprawl on the distances covered. Methodology starts locating the homes of Twitter users in order to use this position as the basis for the analysis. Once home location is obtained for each user, the rest of the positions are classified taking into account the number of times a place is visited. We distinguish between frequently and occasionally visited places. In this way, we observe habitual life spaces, where strategies of time consumption are reflected, and occasional life spaces, where movements are not so influenced by the distance. Finally, the impact of urban sprawl in the mobility is measured using distances covered by residents in discontinuous urban areas in comparison of residents in continuous urban areas. Results confirm the impact of discontinuous urbanization on the mobility with an average increase of 4 Km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urbanization in the south coast of Alicante has meant the elimination and fragmentation for the habitat of very interesting taxa specimens, cataloged and classified as threatened, in the case of Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss. and Tudorella mauretanica Pallary. In order to know the legal status of protection and the distribution of these species, the information available in state and autonomous public agencies has been consulted. In addition, the data taken by the authors with high precision GPS since 2006 has been added. This information has allowed to elaborate a spatial analysis with GIS tools and to assess the current status of the two species in the south of the province of Alicante. In this paper, it becomes clear how the exhaustive and detailed information of these two threatened species has allowed or forced to redesign successive planning instruments; being the Green Infrastructure the concept used for the definitive configuration of protected spaces through the application of the basic criterion of ecological connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As urbanization and gentrification have become planetary processes, research on commercial geographies has progressively gained importance. In studying the capitalist city, literature has generally focused on urban transformations, the housing market dynamics or indigenous population displacement in relation to neoliberal politics and policies at different scales. However, changes on the commercial fabric have also attracted scholarly attention in recent years. This paper delves into the geography of shopping in urban heritage contexts, specifically through a study case in Seville's historic district. My hypothesis is two parallel processes have unfolded and fed back: gentrification and heritagezation, what I explore by analyzing the evolution of traditional retail shops, franchises and large firms in the last two decades. To do so, the article combines quantitative and qualitative analyses on diverse bibliographic and statistical sources on the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper main contribution is the offering of a systematic review of the existing literature on Chinese outbound tourism, aimed at assessing the nature and streams of research into this phenomenon and finding gaps in knowledge from the geographical perspective. 124 articles published during the last 10 years from 16 academic journals were included for review. The paper identifies and structures the main research streams, indicates that the geographical perspective is mostly absent and suggest main paths for further research on the Chinese outbound tourism area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years Spanish flags have been hanged on balconies of private homes in different Spanish cities, reaching its peak at the end of 2017 during the tensest days of the institutional crisis in Catalonia. This paper identifies the spatial patterns of the distribution of Spanish flags and religious symbols on the balconies of the municipality of Seville, analyzing their relationship between the electoral results of the last elections to the Andalusian Parliament and other socioeconomic variables. The results indicate a strong correlation with the ideology of the voters, identifying positive correlations with respect to the vote to the PP and Vox, and negative with respect to the vote to Adelante Andalucía and PSOE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of visual sources such as painting, photography, maps or films provides valuable information on the various dynamics that have taken place in the landscape over time. They show us the elements that remain in a territory, those that disappear, and the new ones that are incorporated. In the case of the wine landscape, these sources offer information on the relationship between the relief and the vineyard, the plantation systems used or the designs of the wineries, as well as the transformations that have occurred in recent decades. This paper analyzes the role that other sources can acquire, specifically wine labels, as a tool that contributes information to the studies of the wine landscape. They portray elements that make up the said landscape such as vineyards, wineries and field labour, as well as other components of the geographical space, in addition to becoming a commercial resource for the promotion of wine and territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rexistatic characteristics of eco-geomorphological systems in Mediterranean environments predispose to the existence of certain risks of flooding and soil erosion. These are fast answer geosystems to change and very sensitive to land uses changes. This paper uses a large and significant region such as Malaga province to assess how the land uses has acted positively or negatively on these risks. A diachronic analysis of both processes is carried out and the variations in their intensity are evaluated to do this. Runoff threshold and the potential erosion of soils have been used as indicators, and two scales have been worked on, the provincial one, to obtain a comparative vision of the distribution of the processes, and a more detailed one, to identify accurately which are the territorial changes that explain the main increases and decreases in erosion and flooding. In the two selected periods, the results show the geographic distribution of both risks, and, on the other hand, the influence that processes such as littoralization, tourism, periurbanization, forest fires or reforestations have had on them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gradual process of Europeanisation of spatial planning has promoted the inclusion of new sustainable development goals and evaluation and monitoring systems within regional plans. However, in Spain, unlike other countries with national guidelines, this inclusion has not been done systematically. This paper aims to verify to what extent and how these evaluation and monitoring systems are being integrated within Spanish regional plans paying special attention to the use of indicators. The review of these current plans allows us to state that Spain is still in its initial stages, since ten of its seventeen Autonomous Communities have developed specific evaluation and monitoring programs, including the elaboration of plans and reports, of which only five have actually developed and implemented the use of indicators. In addition, the approaches used differ significantly between each other, both in the conceptualization of what should be measured, i.e. how sustainability is defined, and in the number and type of the selected assessment indicators. In the future, a higher convergence in the definition of evaluation standards and guidelines that include the use of indicators and synthetic indexes is advised, in order to ease comparison between different planning areas, enhance synergies and optimize resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes and interprets the changes produced in the neighborhood of Agüita de la Perdiz (Concepción - Chile), as a consequence of the arrival of university students to it. Although Anglo-Saxon studies have shown in recent years the importance of the so-called studentification processes as triggers of physical, social, economic and cultural changes in the neighborhoods, assimilating them at times to global manifestations of the gentrification process, are scarce the studies from other socio-spatial contexts. Based on these premises, this paper analyzes this phenomenon through a methodology that combines the use of quantitative and qualitative data, obtaining results that confirm the existence of some transformations that also occur in other cases of study, along with other particular ones, explainable by the own singularity of the neighborhood and identifiable with the socially peripheral character and the own informal origin of the case analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the province of Alicante (Southern Spain) the insufficiency of water resources has been motivated by the increase in demands since the 60s and 70s to satisfy urban and agricultural uses. Also, it is important to be added that the natural aridity of the territory has become one of the main economic and socio-territorial problems. The increase of resources became possible because the overexploitation of aquifers, the arrival of external flows, the reuse of treated water and in recent years, by desalination. However, traditionally, measures from demand management have not been considered as a solution to solve this shortage. This paper aims to propose measures, both from the management of demand and the supply of water resources to solve this situation. To that end, based on a review of works on the study area, interviews and data analysis provided by users (water companies and irrigation communities), the measures that may be viable to solve this problem have been synthesized. To sum up, it should be noted that this research will fill a scientific gap regarding the management of demand in the study area. And stressing that, no single measure can solve the water deficit, and being necessary, also, the involvement of all users and institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mallorca's centuries-old tradition of vine-growing and wine-producing has undergone different stages in its evolution, some involving expansion and others contractions. This study analyses the most recent phase in the sector's evolution in Mallorca, focused on a new approach to viticulture associated with the production of high-quality wines. This phase was developed as from the 1990s in line with plans for the restructuring of vineyards and the creation of Designations of Origin and other Geographical Indications. In turn, we have been able to witness the fragmented growth of a new wine-making industry, largely made up of small low-capacity wineries with their own vineyards. The products' links with the area where they are produced through legislation governing geographical indications and changes in the industry have led to the creation of a new model, with characteristics closely tied in with what is known as the post-productivist shift. In the paper, an analysis is made of the keys to the new model, evident in the vine-growing process and landscape and in the winemaking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a methodological proposal to classify, characterize and qualify landscapes in the endorheic basins and their associated wetlands. The methodology, which considers the possibility of implementing the European Landscape Convention, contains two stages: identification and characterization; and assessment and proposals. The first stage consists of the delimitation of landscape units and their classification in Types and Areas according to the methodology LCA (Landscape Character Assessment); characterization and multi-scalar integration. The second stage aims to establish an assessment and meaning of these landscapes based on their qualification and establishment of landscape quality objectives. The proposed methodology allowed us to establish a transversal perspective of the landscape analysis by carrying out: a descriptive-analytical exercise of the natural features of the landscape, historical-socioeconomic and scenic-visual processes; a diagnostic exercise based on the transformation of the natural bases of the landscape (geosystems or original ecogeographic units); and a forward-looking exercise, that contemplates the assessment of the landscape and its possibilities of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governance understood as a network of actors has become the central element characterizing the elaboration and implementation of public policies and a multitude of instruments have been identified allowing its application, among which is Urban Strategic Planning. This paper proposes an analysis of the governance system of the Second Strategic Plan of Malaga through the application of Social Network Analysis (ARS), enabling a structural characterization of governance and its link with the level of execution of public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The territory can be observed from different legal optics it's don't necessarily coincide. In the Spanish case, the separation between administrative reality (cadaster) and legal (property registry) explains the paradox of considering the same physical reality in a different way, generating different information sources. In this context, successive attempts have been made to unify them, reinforcing their actions after the legal reform of 2015. The present paper makes an approximation to this paradox, considering the viability of a unified source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of the urban and social environment may have a strong influence in the walking distance to public transport. Nevertheless, scarce attention has been paid to this fact in the context of accessibility analysis. Even though, taking into account the quality of the walking distance in the evaluation of accessibility could be a useful tool to enhance higher public transport integration into urban environments. In this paper we develop the tool Q-WD: Quality of Walking Distance, which is tested in in the city of Granada, specifically on some mobility environments linked to stops of the light rail system. The results show how the catchment area decreases as the pedestrian environment quality diminishes, whilst in those pedestrian environments of high quality the catchment area expands. Furthermore, the results of applying the Q-WD tool allow to detect a change in the population served count, which is influenced by the distance quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]