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This paper examines associative participation in Spanish society from a gender perspective, focusing on participation levels, associative integration and forms of associationism. The following research questions were formulated: “Do levels of associative participation differ between men and women?” and “Do men and women participate in the same type of associations?”. To respond to these questions, data from the 2019 Survey on Social Capital in Spain was analyzed. This data is representative at a national level, and descriptive, correlational and ordered logistic regression analyses were performed. It was concluded that evidence supports a burden of gender roles in terms of associationism, especially for political associationism, creating a ceiling effect for participation and even social trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, forced marriage as a manifestation of violence against women has entered the public agenda in European Union countries. This is partly due to higher numbers of migrants from regions where it is a regular practice. This paper aims to show the different ways violence manifests itself in forced marriage, both symbolically and practically - in terms of experiences - based on a qualitative sample of women with a range of migration backgrounds residing in Catalonia. The intersectional gender approach of the analysis enables the interaction to be considered of various factors when it comes to understanding contexts of risk and violence, as well as exit strategies from forced marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prison intervention/treatment actions are aimed at addressing the in/reintegration of convicted persons. However, there are few references and results of these actions. This paper aims to analyze the intervention programs in Spain and their relationship with the processes of female in/reinsertion and recidivism. A descriptive univariate and bivariate analysis was performed on a sample of 310 female inmates surveyed in open regime. The results indicate that employment education programs are most in demand, followed by life skills and gender-based violence programs. There is greater participation in the ordinary regime (between 50% and 60%), with repeat offenders standing out (75.3%), which questions the adequacy of their needs in professional actions. The findings show the importance of updating the penitentiary interventionaction from a socio-educational and gender perspective, adapted to the characteristics of women for their in/reinsertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the need to foster critical thinking skills through a gender perspective in the Translation and Interpretation curricula in Spain. Taking as an example the degree in Translation and Interlinguistic Mediation at the University of Valencia, the need to address translation education taking into account the gender bias present in texts, discourses and professional assignments of future translation graduates is examined. Through the VOICED innovation project, a classroom experience is presented focusing on the development of gender awareness in the translation classroom. The project addresses translators’ self-concept and enhances their ability to make conscious decisions about the linguistic and discursive strategies that may, or may not, perpetuate power asymmetries in society. The results of the project and the students’ perceptions are also presented, which show both the poor education they have received so far in the field of gender and their willingness to incorporate a gender perspective into translation education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the role of women in communication research. It does so by studying their presence/absence in the bibliographies of the syllabus of 108 theoretical courses of journalism degrees taught in 36 colleges in Spain during the 2020-2021 academic year. The work investigates the roles and presences of women in the field of communication, measuring the degree of visibility of women scientists and their contributions in a statistical and comparative way to that of male researchers, quantifying the citation patterns according to the gender of the authors. The data were analyzed with the free statistical software R (version 4.0.3) and a descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. The main results regarding the citation patterns of the research are: 1) an under-citation of publications written by female scientists; 2) an over-citation of publications by male researchers; and 3) the nonexistence of gender homophily (researchers do not tend to cite more authors of their same gender), since female authors are little cited and this low visibility is due to both female and male faculty members. The most referenced author is Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann, one of the few "classics" present, indicating a Matilda effect regarding the historical erasure of female contributions. In conclusion, the paper argues for the need to transform not only citation practices, but an entire scientific culture that denies women as a source of reference and authority from the early stages of university education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication studies in Spain have now become consolidated based on their evolution over the last 50 years. The aim of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of the current state of Spanish higher education in Communication. To this end, an analysis is carried out of the structure and composition of the undergraduate and postgraduate degrees (master and PhD studies) in Communication at public and private universities in Spain, paying special attention to the centers that host these studies, the people who contribute to their operation, and their offerings and distribution. Using a descriptive methodology and the content analysis technique, an analysis form is applied to the universities composing the system of Communication studies in Spain, based on their offerings and the information available and accessible on their institutional websites. The results reveal the difficulty of accessing such data and the lack of common criteria (or compliance) for presenting such information on official websites. The results reveal a greater offering at the national level but a wide dispersion of the higher education offering in terms of type, location, type of university, and territorial distribution. We also highlight the gender gap in terms of faculty leadership as well as among teaching staff. We emphasize the phenomenon of double or combined degrees, especially at private universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a reflection on the inclusion of the gender perspective in the university classroom, specifically, within the compulsory subject of Strategies for communication in multilingual groups of the Degree in Social Education at the University of Almería (Spain). In this, a didactic training proposal for Social Education students is proposed from the parameters of Critical Discourse Analysis to determine what discursive strategies the Spanish press uses to refer to refugee-type migrants, especially women. For this, the corpus created by the R + D DIPURE Project (The Public Discourse on Refugees in Spain) was used, since we consider that the results of the analysis will collaborate in recognizing possible stereotypes and prejudices that can be transmitted in this public discourse of the media, in this case Spanish, to be able to be combated and overcome in the framework of a democratic society that pursues equity and equality between women and men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the production, themes and relations between authorship and direction of Ph.D. theses on photography in Spain (2010-2020) from a gender perspective. Bibliometric techniques have been applied using Dialnet as the main source and two thesis samples in Social Sciences and Humanities. The 354 theses in photography (54.52% female authors, and 62.16% male professors in management roles), show a weak academic model to ensure a constant scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their characteristics, cooperatives have a great potential for women and men to participate on equal terms, although gender imbalances still exist. In order to explore this issue, this paper reviews the evolution of the cooperative movement with respect to gender equality, paying attention to the forces in the environment that have strengthened this position. It also analyses the elements that act in environments as disparate as those of Cuba and Spain and that favor the participation of women in cooperatives. Reference is made to Non-agricultural Cooperatives in Cuba and Associated Work Cooperatives in Spain, which are similar organizations. Using a qualitative methodology, theoretical methods of a socio-legal nature were used, which made it possible to focus on the evolution of cooperativism as part of a historical process and to compare the cases of both countries. The corpus has been made up of the main international declarations on gender and the Social Economy, as well as laws, regional and national public policies that promote gender equality in cooperatives. The results indicate that, with the particularities of each country, the evolution of the international context has exerted pressure for action in this area. However, the changes introduced by cooperatives require that the experience for women be successful, in terms of promoting real long-term empowerment and being a viable economic alternative that transcends the times of crisis that have encouraged them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study on the notion of female readers in various medical treatises published in Spain throughout the 19th century. This analysis sheds light on many of the aspects concerning the study of the figure of the female reader that was so common during this historical period. In this journey, we will discover science's attempt to pathologize the activity of reading when it is carried out by women, revealing the fear that underlies the possibilities of gender reconfiguration that may be provided through reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies focuses on clients of prostitution in Spain in order to understand why these men pay for sex. We analyzed the narratives of users clients of prostitution through in-depth semi-directed interviews, group interviews, and discussion groups. This material is given structure by the application of the theory of frame analysis. We obtained four ideal client types of clients were obtained, namely: misogynist (hatred of women), consumerist (everything is for sale), friend (affectionate but abusive), and critic (ocasional and repentant). We reach the conclusion that From this point of view the purchase of sex has nothing to do with is not due to the searching for quality sex, fun and hedonistic pleasure, but rather it is a strategy to that reinforces a masculine identity that conforms molded by to the expectations of the peer group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present a research on intergenerational occupational mobility in Spain. We use the Survey of Living Conditions (INE, 2011) that allows us to obtain occupational information about parents and sons. Traditionally the comparison between occupation origin (parents) and destination (children) has been performed using male population. Then, our question is: How are the results about social mobility in Spain when the female population is included in Origin and Destination? As a result we show that the inclusion of women in models of social mobility change the usual conclusion about the constant fluidity over time. There is greater fluidity, not invariant over time, that reveals the new role that women have been acquiring in our society in recent decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]