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Background and aims: Amaryllidaceae is a family of monocotyledons belonging to the order Asparagales. Some species have extensive pharmacological properties as they produce alkaloids, with antiviral and antimicrobial activity. Within this family, in the Allioideae subfamily, it’s found garlic (Allium sativum L.). Investigations have been carried out on the phytochemical compounds, both of the isolated components of their bulbs and of various formulations. The objective of the present work was to carry out a bibliographical review of investigations made in this regard, with emphasis on those referred to fungal control. M&M: The methodology used consisted of an online search and subsequent review of specialized papers. The search engines Google and Google Scholar were used. A total of 31 scientific journals, 1 web page, 6 theses, 1 final degree project and 1 conference proceedings have been consulted. These investigations date from the end of the 20th century to the present. The following search guides were used: Garlic, garlic components, and garlic as an antifungal agent. The works consulted and search sites have been synthesized in a table. Results: The investigations surveyed in this review confirm the high potential of garlic as an antimicrobial and antifungal agent, both in isolated components of the bulbs and in different formulations. A synthesis with the results obtained in recent investigations applied to prevention and fungal control is presented. Conclusions: This review contributes to the updated knowledge of the antimicrobial and antifungal properties of garlic that are related to the variety of isolated compounds produced in the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the compilation of a glossary of words related to the productive activities performed in the mid twentieth century in the middle course of the River Guadalquivir, on its way through Córdoba (Andalucía). The aim is to demonstrate that these words provide a fundamental knowledge about the local culture that is essential to fully understand oral records on that particular place at that time. The words included in the glossary, which can be found in the appendix, were collected from a number of biographical interviews that were carried out in the course of a larger project about the industrial heritage of the city, in which the authors participate as ethnographers and anthropologists. The paper shows how the transcription of the interviews influenced the decision to develop the glossary and how the words were chosen. As a sample, a specific analysis of one of the terms included, the vernacular form súa, is also provided. Finally, the paper reflects on the potential social use of this glossary and its patrimonial status. It argues that these words need to be documented and considers the risks associated to perspectives on heritage that place too much emphasis on conservationism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the importance of the social processes -inherent to the drive to modernise the state undertaken under the first government of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo- that surrounded the gestation of works of institutional architecture as an expression of political aestheticisation. Primary and secondary sources were used to uncover a series of works of institutional architecture that laid the foundations for the modernisation and standardisation of school buildings in Chile at the beginning of the twentieth century. The results revealed the significant role played by The Foundation Company, the American company responsible for the Standard Schools, which were expressions of political aestheticisation that set the guidelines for educational architecture in Chile for the following five decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the first tourists' guidebooks on Spain published between 1840 and 1930. The aim is to highlight the contrast between the socioeconomic vision of the country reflected in the foreign guidebooks aimed at the Anglo-Saxon public, where certain stereotypes maintained a notable weight, and the vision offered by the little-known Spanish guidebooks, aimed at the national tourists, which did give an account of the transformation of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the quantitative evaluation methods of lexical and rhythmic exactness of verse translations. It describes the practical approaches to this problem developed within the Russian-speaking academia of the 20th and 21st centuries. The best-known method was proposed by the eminent scholar Mikhail L. Gasparov (1975, 1986, 1989, etc.) to evaluate the lexical correspondence between literal translations (verbum pro verbum) and metrical translations based on them (indirect translation). Later, Gasparov and other researchers applied this method to compare original poems and their direct translations. Apart from Gasparov's approach to the problem, the article presents related essays by Oleksandr M. Finkel (1966, published in 2001, 2006). The paper's second section demonstrates the possibilities of quantitative analysis on the example of three Russian metrical translations of Federico Garcia Lorca's poem "Reyerta" (1926) by Valentin Ya. Parnach (1940), Anatoly M. Geleskul (1968), and Pavel M. Grushko (1975). In addition, the article proposes a brief excursus on the history of the formalist theory of the poetic text and poetic translation, which should be considered the theoretical basis of comparative-quantitative studies of translated poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the end of the 20th century, despite the crisis in the fishing sector in Spain, there has been a significant growth in fishing ports. This is partly due to the fact that the requalification of ports has been an objective of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) since the mid-1990s. The aim of the paper is to analyse the impact of this policy, as well as to observe the integration between port and city linked to social demand which makes it possible for fishing uses to coexist with other recreational, sporting or commercial uses. The case study focuses on the ports of Muros and Ribeira (Galicia), based on a combined quantitative and qualitative analysis, using statistical and cartographic sources (SIOSE programme and photointerpretation) and fieldwork. The results show a significant growth and diversification of port uses, at the same time as a reduction in the number and power of the fishing fleet (SGP, 2021). The authors highlight the absence of a master plan to guide investments at regional level, and, in general, of sectoral and urban planning instruments to harmonise these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last third of the 20th century was witness the agrarian transformation of the Huelva province coast. Its traditional agriculture turned into one of the most avant-garde and technical in Andalusia and Spain. Previously marginal lands, considered unproductive, became central. We dedicate the paper to the description and analysis of the local heterodox agrarian reform that initiated this transformation: the occupation, subdivision, and cultivation of the collective forest and bushland of El Avitorejo and surroundings, later known as Las Malvinas, in the township areas of Moguer and Palos de la Frontera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the processes of class formation and workers’ organization in the cities of Rosario and Santa Fe, Argentina, between 1870 and the first decade of the twentieth century. An analytical perspective of local-regional and comparative history was chosen, seeking to observe how these processes operated between both cities beyond the links with the Federal Capital, paying attention to the ideological current that hegemonized the working-class world at that time, anarchism, as well as the workers’ federations. A heuristic analysis and the triangulation of workers’ sources with official documents were carried out and, through the comparative method, an attempt is made to account for the close links and repertoires of collective action shared and used by the workers in their process of union organization, showing the regional organizational capacity beyond the links with Buenos Aires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper follows a track proposed but not developed by Michel Foucault. In his lectures on the Abnormal (1975), the author linked the character of the criminal religious with the figure of the "political monster" but focused only on the type of tyrant. Following this suggestion, our work explores the genealogy of the ecclesiastical man abusing minors. On the one hand, the profile of the "pederast priest" is traced as a biological enemy of the nation and of the class, in the context of the Spanish culture at the end of the colonial Empire, in the transition from the 19th to the 20th century. On the other hand, this form of subjectivity is contrasted with that of the "pedophile clergyman", as it currently appears in the testimonies of the victims, in the media and in the social sciences. The intention is to show the belonging of both classes of person to very different biopolitical scenarios, despite the continuity of the teratological motive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the discourses around masculinity and modernity intertwined in intellectual elites' representations during the turn of the twentieth century. The analysis uses a close-reading of certain cases -cultural magazines, eulogies, literary works- that illustrate such discourses. The article shows the elites' efforts for positioning Peru within the realm of the civilized countries and as part of the advancement of Western modernity. To do so, they tried to describe the virile, strenuous, and rational character of the men than inhabited the country. On the hand, elites extolled the heroic character --in terms of hegemonic masculinity-- of leading Peruvian figures to counter the pessimism after the War of the Pacific military defeat. In the same vein, the subsequent enthusiasm during the Aristocratic Republic was anchored in the possibilities to transform the Peruvian subjects towards greater whiteness, masculinity, and civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are a fundamental historical subject of the Galician overseas migrations, being Argentina the most important American destination, where hundreds of thousands lived, worked, and preserved their culture and transmitted it. However, migratory studies have tended to invisibilize their specific dynamics and experiences as they were traditionally seeing either as mere companions of their countrymen or part of a family reunification phenomena. This misrepresentation complicated the understanding of their reality giving rise to stereotypes and to the undervaluation of their role in the migration process. Therefore, it is necessary to advance in the study of their individual as well as collective realities and experiences to make visible the changes in their daily lives, to which emigration could have given rise. This paper explores the potential that a series of sources considered "emigration literature" in the twentieth century have to that end, including biographies, autobiographies and fictional autobiographies, collective books of testimonies, essays, stories based on real experiences, among other sources that fall under what is called "migration literature." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we approach the process of construction of the Malvinas as a national cause in the school from the qualitative approach of 170 school textbooks published between 1870 and 1970. We seek to analyze the role that school history had in the configuration of this territorial claim that has been transformed into a national sentiment for Argentines. We note that during the first half of the 20th century, Malvinas was a subject ignored in the elementary education textbooks. It is transformed and presented as a true national cause in school textbooks published after 1950, promoted by Peronism and continued by subsequent governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the second half of the 20th century, many Spanish Mediterranean areas have undergone important land use changes as a result of socioeconomic development (industrialization, urbanization, intensification of agriculture and livestock, dry crops abandonment). This paper describes, maps and quantifies the main transformations that have occurred in the middle Túria basin, an example of a medium Mediterranean mountain situated in the transition between the inner highlands and the coastal plain affected by the expansion of the Valencia metropolitan area. Photo-interpretation techniques and the analysis of series of the NDVI vegetation index obtained from satellite images have been used. The dynamic cartography of land use changes between 1956 to 2010 has let us identify the type and magnitude of the changes in order to be able to establish in the future the environmental implications in the hydrological response of the basin. Changes have been observed in 60 % of the basin, mainly the expansion in forest cover (scrub and forest) on the mountain areas and changes from dry to irrigated crops (citrus), showing a greening landscape which is in agreement with the process observed in other areas of Spain by other authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the twentieth century, in a context of growing eroticization of culture, theatrical performances featured the first female nudes. This article aims to analyze how the female body was presented in these performances and the diversity of meanings derived from its exhibition. In order to do this, I will take as a reference one of the most successful literary works of the Spanish Second Republic, La pipa de oro, whose importance within the period lies in being the first performance to show a naked female breast on stage. From the intersection between social history, the history of sexuality and feminist theory, I will address the double reading that this issue raises: the perpetuation of the traditional role of the "woman as object" or her own liberation. The discursive examination of the script and the hemerographic analysis of its social impact will serve as complementary tools when it comes to addressing the duality of the problem. A comparative analysis of the two positions reveals that only in the light of their convergence, considering one as the consequence of the other, can we attempt to enact a global understanding of such complex phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between Maoism and psychiatry in the work of the Argentine psychiatrist Gregorio Bermann (1894-1972). As a result of the cultural diplomacy deployed by the People's Republic of China since 1949 and of specific institutional networks, the author produced knowledge regarding China, its practices and institutions of mental health as an expert-traveler. Those works were a dissemination of the "mass science" promoted by this country, applied to the field of psychiatry, though not without tensions. The relevance that China had for rethinking psychiatric practice in the case studied is evaluated, and it is argued that Gregorio Bermann's interest in largescale psychiatry and the international political commitment that he held were decisive in it. Lastly, this article studies the spaces where those works circulated and shows the variety of existing knowledge regarding China based on the political positions that were held towards it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anclajes, from its beginnings and until today, has fostered the dissemination of articles and book reviews linked to descriptive linguistics, sociolinguistics and the historiography of the languages of Latin America. This paper reviews how the publication has witnessed, during the last twenty-five years, the advances and changes in research on Amerindian languages, cultures and literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"There is no such Revival. Around the Philosophical Disquisitions on Alienation in the late Twentieth Century". The following paper proposes to give arguments to relativize the extensive account that the concept of alienation lost theoretical attention in the field of philosophy during the eighties of the last century, and that a revival of the study of the concept occurred in the nineties. The conclusion is that there was no such loss of attention, but that furthermore, the presumed premises in the discussion concerning alienation from the nineties up to the present were delineated during the eighties. This conclusion has two supporters: the type of approach regarding alienation carried out by analytical Marxism and the philosophical incursions into the concept in the context of North American sociology. Based on this, the text offers a systematization of the history of the philosophical study of the concept in two sections or stages. And it concerns itself with two -and not three- stages because, for what was argued, philosophy did not stop talking about alienation in the eighties, although it did so to a much lesser extent than before (specifically, during the sixties and seventies, considered the boom in the philosophical treatment of alienation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music scenes were the most influential expressions in Costa Rican popular culture at the end of the twentieth century. These cultural formations were facilitated by the public relevance of the youths, and the growth of cultural consumption and urban areas. Also, they were leaded by the rock and metal music; therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the articulation and evolution of the metal urban scene of Costa Rica between the years 1980-1992. For that, this investigation will provide evidence of how the metal music separate himself from the rock music and set his own musical dynamic, although that generated public awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feminist discourse of the late 20th century, on the diversity of female and male identities, has been subjected to a profound critique of feminist research itself in the plural context of the 21st century. The debate has gone beyond the academic and has extended to the media and the church. We are therefore witnessing an extension of the historical “Women’s Quest” which began at the end of the 14th century on the intellectual capacity of women to reflect on themselves and create knowledge. Querelle in the 21st century has centered on the debate about gender. The intention of this paper is to help clarify some aspects of the notion of gender and to make visible the different positions on it, as well as to set out some interpretative keys that can favour an internal dialogue, where meeting rather than confrontation is the main thing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]