Search

This paper studies the mechanization of agriculture in the rural regions of the Rio de la Plata during the First Globalization (1880-1916). Uruguay and Argentina developed an important growth and diversification of their agricultural production during this period. This growth accompanied the great livestock dynamism that both economies had achieved since the first decades of the 19th century. We analyze the process by dispensing national approaches. A geo-referenced database is constructed at a micro-regional level to identify the location of the main agricultural production areas and to trace their evolution throughout the period. A clustering analysis is also carried out to explore the spatial heterogeneity that characterized the River Plate agriculture and provide elements for its interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we try to analyze some recent and ongoing changes that are taking place in the Uruguayan higher education system. Based on a system historically conditioned by the presence of a single public university, we try to briefly review the changes at this educational level in recent years, hand in hand with different national governments. In a regional scenario of increasing privatization from which Uruguay was apparently on the sidelines at times, we examine the characteristics of some changes that are taking place now and may constitute advances in a certain wave of privatization. We use contributions from the educational field, higher education and public policies and we conclude the text problematizing how novel these changes are and their possible impact given certain national characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we try to analyze some recent and ongoing changes that are taking place in the Uruguayan higher education system. Based on a system historically conditioned by the presence of a single public university, we try to briefly review the changes at this educational level in recent years, hand in hand with different national governments. In a regional scenario of increasing privatization from which Uruguay was apparently on the sidelines at times, we examine the characteristics of some changes that are taking place now and may constitute advances in a certain wave of privatization. We use contributions from the educational field, higher education and public policies and we conclude the text problematizing how novel these changes are and their possible impact given certain national characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The critique of academic colonialism in urban studies tends to suggest a pattern in which theories, ideologies, and urban policies invariably move from the central countries to the periphery, a reality to which they are not adapted. Within the framework of this critique and the search for non-parochialist urban studies, this paper presents a case in which these flows follow a reverse path, from the periphery to the center, so we tried to addressing a European case based on concepts, practices, and theories currently under development in Latin America. The production of housing in Marinaleda (Andalusia, Spain) shows connections with the cooperative experiences of Uruguay, with which it shares parameters of self-management and mutual aid. In Latin America, this type of experiences were analyzed from the perspective of Social Production of Habitat (PSH), from which the case is approached. The study is based on participant observations in Marinaleda, complemented by interviews with key informants and documentary analysis. The analysis shows that the European case is part of the most militant versions of the Latin American SHP, to the extent that - based on concrete connections - it recovers the forms of self-production typical of low-income sectors, disputes state resources, and bases its concrete practice on mutual aid, self-management, and rejection of private ownership. The article contributes to deepen the reflection on the complexity of the processes of diffusion of theories, ideologies, and transformative urban practices, presenting a little-known case in the international panorama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the influence of backgrounds (i.e., parents' education, observable and non-observable circumstances) on formal educational outcomes for cohorts born between 1955 and 1989 in a developing country: Uruguay. The information is taken from the Longitudinal Survey of Social Protection which contains information on parents, children, and siblings (regardless of cohabitation). Three complementary approaches are analyzed. The percentage of the variance of the years of education explained by each model is used as a summary measure. The father's education explains 28.6% of the total variance and the mother's 29.2%. Based on an equality opportunities approach using a broad set of observable circumstances, this value was estimated at 39.6%. In turn, family and neighborhood contexts shared by siblings were estimated at 63% of the variance of the years of education. The study of the importance of backgrounds has been growing consistently for the last cohorts. No relevant differences were found between men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, three case studies are analyzed in Uruguay at the basin level, to identify the factors that favor the flood phenomenon. Transformations in land use and eventually climate change are considered. Over a 30-year period, land use modifications were evaluated using a Geographic Information System, and the variability of rainfall and river levels was analyzed. The three basins show completely different behavior from their land use change, and show increasing trends in rainfall over the period analyzed. It is evident that land use change is one of the most influential factors in the increase of flooding in urban areas. These transformations are mostly related to the exploitation of soil for the generation of commodities for export and generate modifications in the agrarian territories in Uruguay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a critical perspective, this article raises a set of problems identified in the field of socio-cultural policies in Uruguay, particularly within the cycle of progressive governments (2005-2020). In this sense, it contributes to critically rethinking the sustainability of these strategies, taking into account the risks of ascribing to a rhetoric of the socioeconomic impacts of culture; the precarious working conditions of those who work daily in these policies; the subordination of cultural policies to the agendas of social development and education organizations and institutions; and some of the challenges that commonly emerge in processes based on the participation of lowincome and precarious sectors. This paper is based on extensive fieldwork carried out in Montevideo and Paysandú between 2016 and 2020, which included observations in work spaces and interviews with cultural workers enrolled in socially oriented cultural policies and programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]