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This study analyzes the 100% increase in the minimum wage in the northern border area of Mexico in 2019 and its total, gender, and sector effects on employment and wages. Based on data from the National Occupation and Employment Survey, differences-in-differences and event study design models are estimated to calculate the average and dynamic effects of the policy. The results show that the increase in the minimum wage did not statistically affect the probability of participating in the labor market or of being employed; however, among salaried workers, it did increase the probability of working in the formal sector by 1.38 percentage points, where this effect rises to 2.34 percentage points among women and was non-significant among men. Concerning the mean hourly wage, an increase of 3.27% was observed in formal salaried workers and of 3.56% among women, while no signifi- cant effects were found within informal salaried workers and men. Along the wage distribution, positive average effects were observed for formal wage earners up to the 50th quantile and among informal wage earners up to the 25th quantile. The increase in the minimum wage affected positively and to a greater extent women and low-wage workers. Moreover, since the wage increase was accompanied by other economic policies that appear to have reduced inflation, the results can be interpreted as an upper bound of the positive effects of the minimum wage in crease and in the absence of the other policies, or contexts where only the wage increase occurred, its effects on wages could have been smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the case of the seismic instrumentation of the church Nuestra Señora del Refugio, built in the eighteenth century and located in the city of Puebla, Mexico. The church has been damaged by the earthquakes of 1864, 1973, and 1999, so it has been structurally intervened. After the 1999 earthquake, an environmental vibration was recorded, and the acceleration records were processed with specialized software to calculate the Fourier spectra and the Transfer Function. Through the spectral ratios in the horizontal and horizontal over vertical directions, it was determined the frequencies and vibration periods of some structural elements. Subsequently, a range of vibrating periods estimated in colonial temples was proposed, with which it was observed that the percentage of periods of the entire structure, applying the Floor/Free field technique that are within that range. It is higher for the transversal component. X (flexible), that the percentage for the longitudinal component Y (rigid). The files corresponded to those used by another researcher in his doctoral thesis, which does not show the signal processing procedure and modeled the temple with finite elements to determinate its vibration models. The vibrating periods obtained with both methodologies were very close. The finite element method requires data on materials, geometry, dimensions, etc. The environmental vibration only records the internal motion of the structure; therefore, it is suitable for monitoring the seismic behavior of temples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]