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This essay examines the positions of Xavier Abril, Emilio Adolfo Westphalen, and José María Arguedas in the context of the discussions of the avant-garde, indigenismo and socialism that sought the renewal of the Peruvian imaginary between 1925 and 1940. The framework of the analysis intends to capture the complexity of the influences of José Carlos Marátegui's discourse in the debate, abandoning the contrast of the "Andean" and "West" categories and proposing a reading that emphasizes three other premises: authenticity, territoriality and modernity. In this sense, this work examines the relationship between Abril and Westphalen (1930-34), showing their image of Lima as a primitive space and a cultural wasteland in contrast to Europe and studying, among other texts, an unpublished manifesto. This paper then addresses the intellectual relationship between Westphalen and Arguedas at the end of the 1930s, showing how their representation of Lima as a hostile place was complemented by the proposal of an indigenous subject capable of the artistic modernity. This mapping of Lima's cultural scene of the time will explain how, according to these intellectuals, being primitive or modern depended on the authenticity of the artistic/intellectual pursuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work expounds upon the connection and distinction between the works of W.H. Hudson and Jose María Arguedas, using the rhizomatic theory of Deleuze and Guattari to evaluate the power of a landscape to evoke and create memories, while at the same time instilling a sense of "being." This article explores the cognitive affect experience of shamanic culture, a theme somewhat more present in the work of Arguedas. Hudson, rather, focuses on a projection of self into nature on an individual level, as opposed to the cultural and individual dual focus of Arguedas. This paper is grounded in the idea that different states of consciousness are essential to understanding realities and immersing ourselves in a state of "being," which is poignantly shaped by the settings described by Arguedas and Hudson. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a review of the papers presented in the issue that revolve around the writing of 20th century Peruvian author José María Arguedas, and discusses the need to reread the works of Arguedas as the 21st century begins. The author asserts that the 21st century's trends of globalization and transculturation make Arguedas' work, which offers and preserves glimpses into often-marginalized Quechuan and Andean cultures, increasingly relevant to the study of contemporary Latin American literature.