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This paper evaluates the results of the policies applied in Latin America and the Caribbean, based on the study of various economic and social indicators in two groups of countries, one of which is made up of those that formed part of the so-called "progressive wave" of the 21st century (Group 1) and the other of those whose governments responded to liberal orthodoxy by maintaining a neo-liberal economic model (Group D). The structural changes that occurred and their subsequent development are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a very long time, urban commerce has been facing very significant changes, where the critical factors worsen and measures should be adopted, or else, the spiral decline may affect, already in an irreversible way, not only the very sector, but also the context in which it develops -the city-. The purpose of the present paper is the discussion of the solution process that will improve commerce competitiveness in urban surroundings. The analysis will focus on a procedure to develop, of horizontal character, that will make possible to adapt the commercial urban structure to the new and changing needs of demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]