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This paper examines the web tools used by two Colombian daily papers (El Tiempo, from Bogotá, and El País, from Cali) in order to interact with their readers. For our research we used a matrix to help us classify the abovementioned tools vis-à-vis the different extent of the interactions, the latter understood as the range of possibilities offered by the media to their users in order to modify, produce, and communicate content with both the original transmitters of information and other users. In the case of the papers herein examined, we found that, in spite of the fact that they do offer tools which in fact do bring about interactivity, the latter revolves around three main aspects: adaptability, browsing, and feedback, whereby the user remains at a first level (that of reading the texts) but is not yet allowed to co-produce the content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the media framings from which National Geographic Magazine -NGM- (1903-1926) contributed to the construction of the identity of Colombians at the beginning of the 20th century. The main argument of this paper defends the idea that the media framings found are directly supported by the ideologies of Manifest Destiny and Positivism. By means of the rhetoric strategy of appropriation, the framings found promote two values associated with the Manifest Destiny: the virtue of the institutions of the United States and the mission to transform the world in accordance with the values professed by this country. Regarding the ideology of positivism, the media framings reproduce this ideology through the rhetorical strategy of classification, given that the reports observe the identity of Colombians through the lens of the scientific theory of Darwinism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article exposes how Colombian constitutional historicism or traditionalism has been marked by hyper-presidentialism. Although the 1991 Constitution imposed a moderate presidentialism as an alternative to the historicism, hyper-presidentialism returned through constitutional reforms and traditional political practices, especially in the Uribe [2002-2010] and Santos [2010-2018] government mandates. Such accumulation of power in President Santos, organized by several previous governments, allowed him to advance a peace process with the FARC guerrilla against many sectors that have rejected a negotiated solution to the armed conflict. Nevertheless, this paper asks if it is worth betting on accumulating so much power in one person, even though in this case served laudable ends from a pacifist perspective, given that the risks of hyper-presidentialism are very elevated for a republican democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. This research was developed in the framework of the Observatory on rurality and peace in pandemic and post-pandemic contexts, this paper presents advances of interdisciplinary research and reflections about collective health in the Antioquian subregion of Urabá, focused on rural contexts. Objective. To identify the integration/exclusion dynamics related to collective health in rural territories of the Antioquian subregion of Urabá, in the pandemic for COVID-19 context. Methods. The Scalar Model of Collective Health in Times of Pandemic was used as a tool for questioning epidemiological data and territorial readings, in dialogue with the voices of inhabitants and leaders of local social organizations. Results. Results allow to identify the dynamics of the pandemic in terms of integration/exclusion of the municipalities of the sub-region; the overlapping logics of legality and illegality in the territories; the amplification of impacts in territories with historical burdens of inequality; and the great limitations to achieve an effective level of governance in health. Conclusions. The greatest limitation has been the absence of differentiated data for the rural areas, ethnic origin, and precision about the contagion origin. This analysis leads us to affirm that pandemic for COVID-19 reveals structural imbalances, especially in the rural areas of Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the last 15 years, Colombian migrations experimented a massive geographical expansion without precedents. Within Latin America, Argentina stands out as the main destination, and therefore, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the origins and evolution of Colombian migrations to Argentina. Resorting to statistical and ethnographical elements, the paper shows the new migratory patterns of Colombian population to Argentina, even though the current migratory trend towards this country is descending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the first 25 years of the Colombian Constitution of 1991. It marks the excessive optimism that the Constitution was received with by the people and the academy in general. However, over the years, although the Constitution changed the Colombian political reality significantly, it started to lose its charm. Among other reasons, (i) this Constitution could not satisfy the high expectations generated, (ii) the continuous reforms that the political class made to it, derailing the original model, and (iii) the way the political system managed to adapt to the new constitutional system so well that we could say "everything changed to stay the same". Moreover, we present the risk implied by a judicial democracy for the Colombian political system. Finally, this paper invites not falling into extreme points (nihilism, on the one side, ingenuity, on the other), so a critical skepticism is suggested regarding what is presented today as Constitution and its immediate future, in post-conflict times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts a bibliographic review of the growth and the characteristics of the population identified as atheist, agnostic or non-affiliated to any religion in Colombia. Based on the review of research papers press articles and information available on blogs and web pages on the subject, it aims to characterize this population in aspects such as its positions about spirituality, ethics, science, and politics. It also proposes some hypothesis about the causes of the growth of this sector of the population and on the relationship of this growth with the secularization of Colombian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purposes of this paper are to explore the state of implementation of the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Programmes and their contribution to the construction of integrated social protection systems in Latin America on one hand, and to discuss the most important achievements and challenges in fighting against poverty in Colombia. With this target, the article begins with a brief review of the overall situation of the CCT Programmes in Latin America. This is followed by a comparative analysis of actions undertaken in some countries in the region in order to face the main threats related to the public policies to eradicate poverty. It enables to draw an analysis about the management of such challenges in Colombia. Finally, the last part of the paper suggests some hypotheses and proposals in order to address the problems identified above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to show how important the ecclesial cultural heritage has been for The Church's work, its historic evolution and legislative development both regarding ecclesial and civil issues. The current society has been producing different legal-civil frameworks for the heritage protection. These tools should be used by The Church according to the call made by the Roman Pontiffs in the recent years. Therefore, this paper seek to let known some legislative tools concerning both the civil and the canonic law to allow a better efficiency in the protection of this heritage, focused mainly in the Colombian case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a comparison between the drug violence in Peru and Colombia. These two countries are the greater cocaine producers in the world, but present different levels of violence. In the case of Peru there are low levels of violence, whilst in the case of Colombia, the levels are high. The paper argues that the cocain cultivation and production in itself is not a source of high levels of violence. The intensity of the violence depends on the presence of other variables that will be proposed and analized here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the interactions between courts, experts and interest groups present in the sentence C 355/2006, through which abortion is partially decriminalized in Colombia. A detailed review of this paper allows to track the role that interest groups and social movements have in the mobilization of expert discourses in the high courts as a strategy to influence their decisions. The use of disciplines and fields of knowledge is articulated to the general structure of the sentence as literary technology that makes visible the role of the court as administrator of justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a first instance, the following article proposes an analytical itinerary around three "cursed" words (violence, populism and Gaitanism) of the Colombian historiography. In a second instance, an inquiry is suggested over those categories and over their own digressions under the light of a non-pejorative interpretation of both populism and Gaitanism. Finally, the article exhibits an exploratory hypothesis and argues that Gaitanist populism could be thought of as a particular way of processing and stopping political violence. To illustrate this proposition two specific dimensions are described to understand the Gaitanist process between 1924 and 1948: its political-comunicative practices and the oscillations between rupture and integration in the Gaitanist discursivity. By analyzing Gaitán and his followers' discursivity, we can consider that Gaitanism, as a framework of political-communicative practices, contributed to process popular demands that diminished bipartisan tensions in Colombia in the first half of the 20th century. The construction of a popular subject, and the "face to face" presentation between the leadership and the masses in the public arena, among other elements of the Gaitanist identity, served to process --in a belligerent but peaceful way-- the political and social discontent of the time. Likewise, Gaitanism as an identity process --between 1944 and 1946-- raised as a movement that arrogated the representation of a "true country" (rupture) and the construction of a restoring order for Colombian democracy (integration). In short, the proposed disquisitions in this paper seek to highlight the relevance of thinking historical processes, such as populism, through a conceptual framework aimed at the study of political identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the discussion about the international legal status of the "Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera" and the legal effects that such status would produce under constitutional law in Colombia. Thus, it analyses the scope of public international law sources with the aim of evaluate if the beforementioned Acuerdo complies with the requierements in order to be considered a legal source under public international law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes an interdisciplinary experience on the conception and development of a digital repository for historical research about media in southwestern Colombia. It takes stock of social research-oriented repositories in the world, Latin America and Colombia. This paper traces the beginnings of what has made possible to convert a database of restricted use into an open access repository for research development. It also develops a comparative analysis between the experiences of the creation of university institutional repositories in the Netherlands, Venezuela, the United States and Colombia. Finally, this paper will discuss the most sensitive issues that underpin the creation of repositories for the historiography of methods and processes of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organizational system associated with the development of rural tourism in the department of Antioquia tends to establish informal networks. The purpose of this paper is to study the flow of information and the interdependence between stakeholders in Eastern and Southwestern networks, with the aim of understanding their impact on governance as a condition of development. Social Network Analysis is adopted in this paper. The results show two phenomena: first, information can flow faster in the Eastern network thanks to its density. Second, it is in the Southwestern network where public-private relations and public non-governmental actions determine the governance of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the effects of the "Grupo de los Tres" (G-3) trade agreement in the Colombian automobile market. Assuming that demand might be described by a Discrete-Choice model, this paper develops a partial-equilibrium model in order to analyze the import quota of automobiles produced by the Mexican assemblers and its effects upon prices on the Colombian Automobile Sector. The results of this paper evidence that the quota reduced average market prices in no more than 3%, comparing the case without G-3. Likewise, the price in Mexican cars were reduced on 20%, but prices of domestic and other import cars were unaffected. Finally, There is evidence that the distribution of the price reduction among classes is independent of market-shares. Therefore, the import quota does not accomplish the goals of domestic policy-makers. These results are relevant in order to make trade policies in targeted industries and are useful for firms of the Automobile market when they undertake strategic decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central aim of this article is to present the results of the research: Globalization of law and justice reform: Transference rules and transformation of the State in Colombia: 1992-2005. The paper presents the relationship between globalization processes in the field of law, legislative output, and transformation of the state in Colombia during the period under study, as a process of adaptation to global flows. The first part sets out succinctly the frames of reference of the investigation, emphasizing the theoretical cross pollination that allowed the interdisciplinary integration of law, studies of contemporary political theory, and contributions from international relations over the problem of globalization. The second part explains the methodological design of the research, emphasizing the tools used to analyze the legislative output of the country. Finally, as a conclusion, the paper presents the results of the research and the possible scenarios for future research on the topic in the Colombian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the communicative practices of a Colombian trans-woman scientist, biologist Brigitte Baptiste, when she speaks publicly about environmental issues on different media platforms. In the analysis, I explore the implications of Baptiste's public presence for the imaginaries of readers and journalists regarding science, scientists, and trans-people in Colombia. Leaning on certain feminist critiques of science, I analyze communicative practices as matters of care. Throughout the analysis, I find that care in Baptiste's public presence is performed through the ways in which she connects biodiversity and sexual diversity, thinking with trans-women's experiences to transgress the borders of science and connect it to activism and public service. I conclude that Baptiste's public presence in Colombia is an exceptional example of gender diversity acceptance in the present, though it does represent a speculative commitment towards embracing diversity in general in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insurers (hmos) argue that there is no incentive to invest in prevention activities because members can easily move to another insurance company. At the same time freedom to choose hmos is a key accountability mechanism of the Colombian Health System because citizens can leave low-quality insurers and enroll in high-quality insurers. This paper quantifies the size of the rate of transfers between hmos in the country to shed light on this debate. This study used publicly available information on affiliation histories to the health system for the last 14 years (2001-2014) for a random sample of adults between 40 and 50 in five different capital cities. The rate of enrollee transfers within a continuous enrollment period between HMO was estimated. Results showed that 56% of enrollees had four or more enrollment periods; within the same enrollment period at least 54% of enrollees did not transfer between HMO; in a year less than 6% decided to transfer; there was a weak correlation between transfers and HMO service quality indicators. Results showed that the transfer rate is low but that the drop-out rate is high. People do not transfer but leaves the systems frequently, which suggest that this behavior is explained by labor market fluctuations. The transfer between HMO is not frequent and this suggests that as accountability mechanism is not working and thus needs to be redesigned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the formulation of the Monroe Doctrine, United States defined Latin America as his 'backyard' in the XIXth and XXth centuries. However, the global and regional transformations in the XXIst century have weakened the Doctrine, and promoted a new idea of the space, named South America. This paper analyzes the role of Brazil as a regional power, which leads the creation of this new space. Furthermore, it analyzes the role of Colombia, a United States traditional ally, facing the Brazilian leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an analysis of the Judgment of the Colombian Constitutional Court SC-931/2009, by which the Court declares inhibited to fail in a case review of the constitutionality of the Law of May 21, 1851, with which slavery was definitively abolished in Colombia. The present interest in this case is that it demonstrates once again and from a specific case, the scope of judicial guarantee-ism under the consolidation of the constitutional state, accepted paradigm in Latin America from the issuance of the constitutions of the decade of the nineties, which have resulted in the development of the new Latin American constitutionalism. Furthermore, together with the presentation of the particular case, we were interested in noting the educational work being done by the Court, resorting even to literary analysis, giving a clear example of integration of disciplines in the process of judicial protection, in addition highlighting their influence in the formulation of laws and public policies for the protection of historically discriminated groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article goes back to museification as a particular way of construction and legitimation of collective memory. Museification generally refers to political and cultural actions deployed by institutions and civil servants that are aimed at selecting and placing an "object"--whether cultural or natural, as well as individuals or communities-- within lines of reasoning and speeches that "petrify" the historical and cultural meanings of these objects. In this paper, we understand museums as institutional places par excellence in which memorial state activities tend to converge. In particular, the article explores two cases in which the museification process can be clearly identified. First, the controversy surrounding the proposal of including the towel of the recognized guerrilla leader Manuel Marulanda Vélez, (Tirjofijo), in the collections of the National Museum of Colombia in early 2001.Secondly, the article explores the case of some indigenous communities located in the country's southern jungles, in which the state lines of reasoning of the territorial control seem to conceive indigenous people and their lands as analogous to "eco-museums". We try to argue how state initiatives on social memory are essentially a field of paradoxes and social struggles. To do this, we rely on a theoretical discussion about memory studies and their relation to specific categories of the museological theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is result of a research project on the impacts of globalization of law. The aim is to establish the role that has been taking the jurisprudence of international courts in internal judicial decisions, in particular the Court of Justice of the Andean Community -TJCA-, compared to some controversy in Colombia. It is a descriptive study with qualitative approach, which uses primary and secondary sources, using the literature review and case analysis techniques. It is conclude that the jurisprudence of international justice agencies has become very important within the domestic law becoming prevalent criterion of interpretation to perform constitutional control: for its side, TJCA jurisprudence is part of community secondary legislation of the CAN, which although not part of the block of constitutionality, it is mandatory for the national court to resolve a conflict between community law and the internal law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On April 11th 2012, the Colombian Supreme Court of Justice qualified as dangerous activities the provision of medical services, even though it also established the parameters according to which this type of activities should be evaluated and in which the presumption of guilt is included. The fact that the execution of medical services must comply with such guidelines supposes a change regarding the way jurisprudence has so far evaluated this regimen. Consequently, and by way of a methodology mainly centred on the analysis of the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court and particularly on the ruling aforementioned, the present research paper intends to show that notwithstanding the way medical activities were qualified in the ruling, the regimen regarding them continues to enclose subjective responsibility and the presumption of innocence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

France revised its Constitution in 1971, but the modification was not carried out by one of the organs authorised by that same text. Colombia replaced its Constitution in 1991, but did these constitutional changes comply with the laws of the time? The present paper is an overview of these juridical transformations from the point of view of the theory of juridical revolution, which is applied in order to determine the new legal basis of each of these legal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colombian society currently undergoes a process of secularization, that is to say, a process in which the social spheres are different and autonomous. Based on an extensive empirical research, this paper presents such a process, which has gone hand-in-hand with cultural transformations. Among these last ones, we can highlight the reconstruction of religious affiliations. Secularization and pluralization have had paradoxical effects due to the fact that they have not provoked the decline of religion; on the contrary, they have rekindled religious practices, like competition between Catholic Church and the new religious movements regarding the faithful loyalty and commitment of the faithful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the causes of forgetfulness that has been a constant in the Colombian Amazon and the implications that it has had on the border and foreign policy in the country. It also argues that taking part of a group of global, regional and national transformations, ACTO has been revitalized, which can be the first step to expand the State's institutions on the Amazon territory, the starting point to taking advantage of its strategic potential, and to create synergies with other countries that are part of the Organization to confront a set of threats that defying the rainforest. In addition, the agency can be a vector of South American integration that eventually, could be quite receptive to leadership of Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the production system of Oxalis tuberosa, Ullucus Tuberosus and Tropaeolum tuberosum in the province of Sugamuxi, Boyacá. Using random sampling, polling, interviews and rural diagnosis it was established that production areas present limitations for agriculture. 84.4% of production is destined for personal consumption. 46.8% of producers are senior adults whereas young adults are less interested in agriculture. 72% of people interviewed in establishments selling food could not identify the different tubers and despite the deep roots of tradition in older people, there is a risk these species will be lost. Contrary to this tendency, the Republic of New Zealand, where demand for tubers is increasing, is encouraging their genetic enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uncertainty is the natural state in which farmers make decisions. This paper studies attitudes towards risk among small-scale pineapple producers in the department of Santander, Colombia. For this purpose a random sample of 194 small-scale pineapple producers form the towns of Girón, Lebrija and Rionegro was taken. In order to determine attitudes towards risk a medium utility - non linear standard deviation approach was chosen. Results indicate that small-scale pineapple producers in Santander are reluctant to risk and show an increasing absolute reluctance and a decreasing relative reluctance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The situation of exclusion to which rural population in Colombia has been exposed is characterized by an unequal structure of land tenure and an unfair social order that does not favor people mobility. It creates conditions of inequality and inequity against the achievement of a fundamental capacity for human development, such as being healthy in rural areas. In that sense, the purpose of this paper is to integrate the analysis from the perspective of the social determinants of health and its implications for health inequalities and inequities for rural people, with the information presented in the Human Development Report 2011 for Colombia and other reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Colombia, there are quantitative databases on armed conflict, some of them public and open-access. This paper reviews the main theoretical and methodological traits in some of those databases and their main features when defining and measuring political violence. Based on the results of a research performed in a Colombian region, several methodological issues will be presented in order to process --statistically, spatially and cartographically? the information delivered by those databases. After the exposition, several procedures are described, which allowed to measure differences among databases. Those contents are addressed aiming to show the consequences that using one or another database has in the quantitative analysis of armed conflict, since the results of those analyses will depend on the source used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Commission to Inquiry for the Causes and Situations Present on inland Violence, better known as La Investigadora, was founded in 1958 at the dawn of the socalled National Front. This research paper explains, based on some documentary sources and newspaper accounts, how in a context of transition negotiated by elites, this initiative condensed a set of official practices and narrative plots structuring the way the Violence would be politically and socially processed and represented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Violence" in Colombia in the 1950's was closed without a trial of responsibilities, without reparation to the victims or a process to assimilate the meaning of what had happened. This paper shows that general Rojas Pinilla's trial at the Congress of the Republic between August 1958 and April 1959, was not only a way to confer legitimacy upon the political agreement in the National Front, but also a privileged scenario to challenge and discuss the responsibilities on the events, as well as an arena to build and recreate collective memory at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Characterizing and evaluating information systems on the health sector in Colombia. Methodology: A conceptual frame that included the legal context of the country and organization of information systems in other countries was developed. Later on, Colombian health information system was characterized starting on interviews with important actors and papers. Finally, the organization of the system, information flows and its strengths and weaknesses were analyzed in order to propose some recommendations. Results and conclusions: information system of the Colombian health sector is divided and evidencing quality issues, as in other countries. The development of a production, diffusion and use of information culture is essential. We must take advantage of the change that is occurring in the health system for improving the information. Capture mechanisms for information require a simplification and standardization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction and maintenance of infrastructure has been identified as one of the main tools for economic development in Colombia. This requires huge amounts of investment. Recent economic studies in developing countries, such as Colombia, have shown that great part of infrastructure projects are financed through investment coming from the private sector. Of this, more than half constitutes foreign direct investment. Colombia has recently adopted a policy of openness towards foreign investment. Through International Investment Agreements, Colombia has committed to protect foreign investment following certain international obligations and standards. Great part of the foreign investment needed for the development of infrastructure in Colombia will fall under such investment agreements, and will thus be protected by the obligations agreed upon under said agreements. This paper seeks to describe how the actual obligations committed by Colombia are not always clear, and sometimes they introduce new concepts that are not well known in Colombian Law. This is the case, respectively, of the " fair and equitable treatment" and "indirect expropriation". Colombia should have caution in its governance of foreign investment, with a view of reducing the risk of being challenged under international arbitration that may result in multimillion disputes; even more in this era of financing projects through foreign direct investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, significant changes in the forms of Government have occurred in Colombia, as a consequence of many different institution related factors, inter alia the availability of new tools for civil society's participation, decentralization and political parties' reform. These factors have redefined activities and relationships of local Government's actors, among themselves, the councilpersons. From the governance standpoint, this paper aims to lead to a better understanding of councilpersons and their relationships with other stakeholders that are also people's representatives: public and private organizations. Availability of empirical data on this subject is very limited in this country, and the city of Medellin is a case in point. Based on the identified trends (cooperation, mediation, competition and lack of relationship), the article highlights the prevalence of cooperative relations and concludes that the principles of "positive" governance (plurality, interdependence and cooperation in management), are tempered by several factors, including political and institutional changes and the characteristics, motivations and strategies of the actors involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the theoretical and methodological approach that was elaborated for the analysis of the formulation of sexual and reproductive public policies for the youth in Colombia. This is the result of a doctoral thesis and its objective is to understand the configuration of the political aspects of the public policies that are thought for a specific population: young people. This analysis intends to go deeper than a traditional evaluation about the impact of a policy. This approach assumes it not only as a technical issue, but as a result for correlating forces in which processes, conflicts and confrontations between different actors are involved. The research uses the political contention as an analysis tool. The study starts with a critical revision of previous studies with similar goals, but performed in other locations, and then, it presents the contributions of the current investigation in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1991 Constitution allows the President to nominate or appoint directors of different institutions that are not dependant of the executive branch. This is called the presidential nomination power. This paper characterizes how ex-President Álvaro Uribe used his nomination power in his two periods of government, and explains the implications of this practice for the Colombian institutionalism. The analysis was carried out by the articulation of three topics: presidential nomination power, bureaucracy and state capacity. Enhance of the state capacity requires a professional bureaucracy that performs administrative tasks without the influence of political or partisan interest. The study's main conclusion is that ex-President Uribe, by using this power, influenced the appointment of public officials that were driven by political loyalties, but lacked professional merits. This was achieved by using questionable strategies such as lists "of one", "of a party" or "of zero" candidates. As a result, ex-President Uribe shaped the recruitment of a high bureaucracy profitable for his short term policies, but that are very harmful for the state in the long run. Therefore, the use of the nomination presidential power has weakened the state capacity, has built a political patrimonial regimen and has strengthened, even more, the Colombian presidential regime. After eight years after Álvaro Uribe took office the Colombian state is less strong and democratic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of dentistry has undergone a process of reflection relative to other academic disciplines. This paper proposes the implementation of a new political field in the oral health agenda in Colombia by means of exploring some social and health indicators. Furthermore, principles in collective oral health were addressed: oral health as a fundamental right, community capacity for assuming the monitoring of health and its determinants, and the participation of social, economic, and academic actors and the health care services. A protagonist role by society as well as greater collective consciousness on the part of professionals, decision-makers and the health sector in general are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the first Japanese immigrants in Colombia (1922-1936). This research is a compilation of legal resolutions dictated in the 1886 Colombia's Republic Constitution towards immigration. Particularly, this research points out debates around the improvement of the race project through promoting alien immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To come up with such a compilation, reviewing primary official sources (laws and decrees), discourses and related literature was fundamental. The analysis of the research shows that there is a correlation between diverse laws that allowed or restricted aliens to enter the country. In addition the debates taking place in different groups of the local society around the benefits and disadvantages of letting immigrants enter the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the first Japanese immigrants in Colombia. 1922-1936). This research is a compilation of legal resolutions dictated in the 1886 Colombia's Republic Constitution towards immigration. Particularly, this research points out debates around the improvement of the race project through promoting alien immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. To come up with such a compilation, reviewing primary official sources (laws and decrees), discourses and related literature was fundamental. The analysis of the research shows that there is a correlation between diverse laws that allowed or restricted aliens to enter the country. In addition the debates taking place in different groups of the local society around the benefits and disadvantages of letting immigrants enter the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an analysis of the scientific output of the journal Cuadernos de desarrollo rural ("Rural Development Notebooks") published between 1979 and 2008. The paper's main goal is to ponder the scientific production of the journal over its thirty years of uninterrupted publication, and to show, via bibliometrics and resorting to socio-scientific networks, the editorial project's behaviour and evolution. Readers will see a transition and evolution from an institutional and endogenous periodical to a publication now accepted by an increasingly wider international community thus reflected in its degree of internationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to examine the implications that the implementation of the Free Trade Agreement (FTAA) between the United States and Colombia would have particularly in the situation of Colombian women. The recent contributions that gender studies have provided to the social sciences and more specifically to economics, allow elaborating new ways of understanding issues concerning the national welfare and sovereignty from a usually marginalized perspective. The fact that there are not many studies that relate the gender factor with free trade, makes this paper a catalyst of the debate in this issue, which attempts to contribute in the analysis of the social impacts, standing specifically from a gender perspective, the implementation of the trade agreement would have. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assure the territorial governability in Colombia is to combine the government of territory and the governance of the territories, that is to say, primacy of the sovereign State and recognition of multiple actors in the public action. In the perspective of the "territorialization of public action", this paper shows results of the analytical use of a scheme of analysis of public policies in the territory developed by the author in previous works, for the case of social housing- VIS- public policy - in Colombia, illustrating the speech proposed with two cases. Taking as it bases the characterization of VIS public policy as a dual and hybrid policy and a typical case of "indispensable territoriality", of "secterritoriality" (combination of sectoriality and territoriality) and of "governmance" in the territories (combination of government of the territory and governance of the territories), reflections appear on the use of the "Metrovivienda instrument" during the three last administrations of Enrique Peñalosa, Antanas Mockus and Luis Eduardo Garzón like part of the VIS public policy in the Capital District of Bogotá (almost 7,000 000 of inhabitants). Also, the analysis of "successful projects" of new VIS as the one of Nuestra Señora del Rosario in provincial center of Chiquinquirá (50,000 inhabitants) allows to raise the public policy of VIS in Chiquinquirá like the example of the construction of "networks of project" and of combination of government of the territory and discretionary sectoriality. Both illustrations allow concluding on the challenge of the territorialización of the public action "bottom up". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past three years, Colombia experienced a significant change in the production of official statistics, leading to a situation in which an important tradition in the reliability and seriousness of official data has given way to mistrust and uncertainty. Complete changes in methodology, the break in continuity of historical series, the lack of transparency over the collection process and the direct access to data bases, on top of the correction of data along the way have been a constant in the midst of important transformations of the country in terms of displacement and migration of large groups of population, the country side modifies its labor structure and the conditions of poverty and extreme poverty persist. This paper deals with the development of the General Census of Population and Housing 2005, as an emblematic example of what is going on in the production of official data. The role of academia and the press in this process will be analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically explores the role of media and political conversation as antecedents to political engagement, a set of political attitudes and behaviors. Political engagement was operationalized as political interest, political knowledge, political efficacy, associational membership, and civic and political participation. The relationships of conversation, news and entertainment media uses were examined in the context of a tumultuous society. Statistical analyses suggest that the consumption of news media and political conversation are positively related to all aspects of political engagement. On the other hand, certain entertainment media uses are negatively related. The relevance of media use and political conversation to explain political engagement is discussed and their potential to predict support for democracy is explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]