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During the thirties many right-wing nationalist groups appeared in Chile. Most of them declared to be against Liberalism, Democracy and Communism. In some cases these groups also embraced the Fascism and the Antisemitism coming from Europe, developing anti-Semitic campaigns, unprecedented in the Chilean History. This article enquires in the responses of the weekly paper Mundo Judío, main press publication of the Chilean Jewish community during the thirties, to the Antisemitism of the Jorge González von Marées' Movimiento Nacional Socialista, the most important Chilean fascist group of the period, distinguishing two main reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper follows a track proposed but not developed by Michel Foucault. In his lectures on the Abnormal (1975), the author linked the character of the criminal religious with the figure of the "political monster" but focused only on the type of tyrant. Following this suggestion, our work explores the genealogy of the ecclesiastical man abusing minors. On the one hand, the profile of the "pederast priest" is traced as a biological enemy of the nation and of the class, in the context of the Spanish culture at the end of the colonial Empire, in the transition from the 19th to the 20th century. On the other hand, this form of subjectivity is contrasted with that of the "pedophile clergyman", as it currently appears in the testimonies of the victims, in the media and in the social sciences. The intention is to show the belonging of both classes of person to very different biopolitical scenarios, despite the continuity of the teratological motive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines two key essays from the 20th century French Caribbean which share a formative function and a common purpose of raising racial and social awareness. After a reflection on the concepts of culture and colonialism, we will look at the classic So spoke the uncle (1928) by Haitian ethnologist Jean Price-Mars as an antecedent of Black Skin, White Masks (1952) by Martinican psychiatrist Frantz Fanon. Both constitute decolonizing "essays of formation" in which diverse discursive formats -ethnographic research, psychoanalysis-, linked with the authors' different disciplinary origins, are modulated by a decisive pedagogical function and the predominance of narrative patterns such as the modern novel of formation or Bildungsroman. Read as decolonial lessons, both essays express the urgent need for an education opposed to French "assimilation", which implies a de-learning of "White" hegemonic ideas, beliefs, and values. As we will see, the development of a decolonizing formative program is furthered by Fanon in a radical way since he not only denounces, as Price-Mars had previously done, the alienation of those who possess black skin and adopt white masks; he also warns against the mystic and enthusiastic négritude which unwillingly falls into the trap of colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in Argentinean right wing-nationalist political discourse of the sixties can only be explained in relation to the international Cold War-context. Thus, some fundamental concepts of Argentine nationalist political tradition were altered by the ups and downs of the international agenda. Because of this, this paper intends to trace the transformations of the nationalist political program, starting with the discursive mutations of the ideas of "Hispanism" and "Revolution". Hence, this renewed revolutionary program -even when related to inherited ideological elements of previous nationalist generations- was reinterpreted in light of new Cold War-meanings of the concept of Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper attempts to show, as the ethnic associations structure of the Arab community of Valparaiso helps in the process of integration into the host society. It assumes the existence of two positions on the matter. On the one hand, it is argued that associations facilitate the integration of immigrants into the host society (integration theory) and on the other hand states that the institutions created by immigrants strengthen their identity and their slow integration (enclave theory). A historical view of the subject considering aspects such as international positioning of the country of origin of communities, socio-economic developments, future prospects and number of members is suggested. It is perceived to institutions as a result of the aforementioned features and no such causal relationship established with the host society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the ideology of the National Socialist Movement (MNS) and its leader, referring to Nazism, with regard to anti-Judaism. Compared to the decisive and explicit Nazi judeophobia, the Chilean Movement, although inspired by the first, developed a less intense, volatile and poorly mobilizing anti-Jewish public discourse. The paper is organized in two parts: the first review the extreme and mobilizing nature of Nazi anti-Semitism, from their accommodations and fluctuations; the second and more extensive, outlines the Chilean case, considering the Chilean nationalist tradition, the family and ideological background of the "Leader", the characteristics of MNS and its relations with Nazism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the political reform process implemented in1912 in Argentina in order to discuss some general understandings in national historiography about the scope of the reform. The analysis focuses on the province of Corrientes, the only one in which the Radicalism failed o reach power throughout the period. This paper seeks to assess the limits of reformism, strategies and mechanisms implemented by the Conservatism to stay in power despite the national political situation that presented it adverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike most Latin-American countries where collective bargaining is decentralized at the firm level, in Argentina -as well as in Brasil-, collective bargaining is centralized and carried out by a single union per activity branch. However, in Argentina these branch unions articulate themselves with a union-based representation in the shop-floor, the so called “internal commissions". The first two Peronist governments (1946-1955) are a crucial period in the development of these organisms. In this paper we study the conflicts related to the internal commissions that arose in these years in the metallurgical and the shoe industries and we analyze the rules and regulations governing the internal commissions fixed in the collective labor agreements of 1954 and the tensions that emerged in their negotiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we analyze the mediating role of governance quality in the relationship between fiscal decentralization and regional disparities. Previous work has argued that fiscal decentralization has the potential to reduce income differences across regions but that this potential may not be realized because of governance problems associated with sub-national authorities. Our empirical evidence based on a sample of departments (regions) of Uruguay over the period 1990-2010 lends support to this idea. The empirical results show that fiscal decentralization promotes regional convergence, and this effect is boosted in high governance quality settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to reconstruct the early action of the Argentine Council for Peace, local headquarters of the World Peace Council, the most important front organization supported by communism during the Cold War period. Through the itineraries of writers María Rosa Oliver and Alfredo Varela and the essayist Ernesto Giudici, key figures in the Movement for Peace in Argentina, the article analyzes the relationship between intellectuals and communist efforts after World War II, in the context of Juan Domingo Peron's government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this paper approaches the construction of an ideal city in Nikos Kazantzakis' Odyssey, a 20th century epic poem which rewrites and continues that of Homer. In doing so it focuses on utopian literature patterns. In the XV book of this Odyssey and after a long way through the desert, the hero is about to build an ideal city, more righteous, more equal, where the crowd of people following him can reach and overpass its human destiny. On its very opening date, the great work will be destroyed by an earthquake and the hero will have to start his way on his own again. In the configuration of the failed utopian society which Kazantzakis' proposes the models taken from the ideal cities of Plato and Thomas More, as well as the nietzscheanian thinking, the sociocultural context and the historic circumstances of the 20th century play a determinant role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we are interested in investigating two issues that have been studied in relation to hegemonic discourses of eugenics and its responsibility in building a model of female sexuality, but have been meagerly investigated in other locutions. So, here we analyze the eugenics and neo-Malthusian anarchist discourse with the intention of placing it as a locution that, in contrast to the hegemonic, led to the sexual freedom of women. Our focus for this in the production of two doctors anarchists who, with great display until the second half of the twentieth century, acted within the anarchist movement nationally and internationally. These doctors, far from the dominant ideas of the time, defended innovative proposals on sex education, birth control, conscious and voluntary motherhood and sexual freedom of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Modernity there was formed an idea of the body centred on the regulation of the life of the population (bios) and on the "disciplinamiento" of the body of the individuals (biopoder). In the beginning of the 20th century in Argentine, in the context of the "social question", one appealed to the representations concerning the idea of the social body and of the body of the individuals. To the body of the Nation he imagined it under the notions of disease and health, integration and exclusion. Since then, the metaphors of the social body have not stopped being present in the rhetoric of the national discourse in different contexts. This paper study the diffusion and intervention of the medical speech (hygienist and eugenista) in the school institution by the intention of acting on the body of the small students to the effects of moralizing his behaviors and of guaranteeing an integral formation that was preserving his physical and intellectual health while they were estimated as the civil futures of the republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches the study of the subject and the social bond in the case of Peru in the first three decades of the 20th century. It uses as analytical operator the notion of subject configurations and it is based upon the analysis of autobiographical texts. The text begins with the presentation of its theoretical and methodological foundations and then goes on to discuss three of the main features of the subject configurations foundings of these texts, and their meaning for the understanding of the social bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches the study of the subject and the social bond in the case of Peru in the first three decades of the 20th century. It uses as analytical operator the notion of subject configurations and it is based upon the analysis of autobiographical texts. The text begins with the presentation of its theoretical and methodological foundations and then goes on to discuss three of the main features of the subject configurations foundings of these texts, and their meaning for the understanding of the social bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In October, 1934, on the occasion of the International Eucharistic Congress, one million Catholics gathered at Buenos Aires to show their faith and support of the Catholic Church. Those public meetings went on for ten years, as part of a Catholic political mobilization -The Army of Cristo Rey- in times of a strong political radicalization. This paper examines the characteristics of this phenomenon, which combined in a unique way three elements: the hierarchy of the Church, Catholic activists and common Catholic believers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the arrival of the early Sephardim during the Colony, the Jewish community has faced many challenges, being judeophobia the most persistent and dangerous. This judeophobia has come from many fronts, especially from the far right and its Nazi wing. During the eighties of the last century the major figures of the Chilean judeophobia of far right changed: coinciding with the fall of Franz Pfeiffer's WUNS brand, the figure of Miguel Serrano raised as the most important Chilean Nazi and judeophobic thinker in Spanish language. In this paper we will analyze the judeophobic books of this period, with emphasis on his main contributions to the judeophobic discourse of the far right in Spanish language, and we will finish with a reflection about the operation of his judeophobia from a semiotic point of view. We think that when we do it, we are contributing to the study and to break down the discourses of the present far right groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]