Search

Towards the end of the nineteenth century and the initial of the twentieth, art writing was exercised in Chile by theorists that acted provided of a certain authority adding a roughly traditional and European-rooted model. They marked a certain hegemony over the space of local culturea situation that will be modified later with the emergence of critical actors from the literary field. This paper reviews the work of some traditional critics, analyzing the keys and the context of their theoretical discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the thirties many right-wing nationalist groups appeared in Chile. Most of them declared to be against Liberalism, Democracy and Communism. In some cases these groups also embraced the Fascism and the Antisemitism coming from Europe, developing anti-Semitic campaigns, unprecedented in the Chilean History. This article enquires in the responses of the weekly paper Mundo Judío, main press publication of the Chilean Jewish community during the thirties, to the Antisemitism of the Jorge González von Marées' Movimiento Nacional Socialista, the most important Chilean fascist group of the period, distinguishing two main reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre el impacto de la Primera Guerra Mundial en la España neutral.

The present paper presents the art songs composed by Carlos Alberto Pinto Fonseca for voice and piano. It is a synthesis of on the vocal works of this still neglected 20th century Brazilian composer. After a brief presentation about the composer and his compositional legacy, there is a discussion about the eclecticism contained in the composer work and, especially, in the set of 19 art songs from two perspectives: the historical and the analytical-musical. From the historical point of view, the art songs are presented based on the various stages of the composer's production, in addition to the personal and aesthetic aspects that influenced him. In sequence, eclecticism is discussed based on the musical and poetic elements contained in the songs: texts, treatment given to the piano, presence of melodic vocalises and aesthetics adopted, from which individual characteristics of each song are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Amaryllidaceae is a family of monocotyledons belonging to the order Asparagales. Some species have extensive pharmacological properties as they produce alkaloids, with antiviral and antimicrobial activity. Within this family, in the Allioideae subfamily, it’s found garlic (Allium sativum L.). Investigations have been carried out on the phytochemical compounds, both of the isolated components of their bulbs and of various formulations. The objective of the present work was to carry out a bibliographical review of investigations made in this regard, with emphasis on those referred to fungal control. M&M: The methodology used consisted of an online search and subsequent review of specialized papers. The search engines Google and Google Scholar were used. A total of 31 scientific journals, 1 web page, 6 theses, 1 final degree project and 1 conference proceedings have been consulted. These investigations date from the end of the 20th century to the present. The following search guides were used: Garlic, garlic components, and garlic as an antifungal agent. The works consulted and search sites have been synthesized in a table. Results: The investigations surveyed in this review confirm the high potential of garlic as an antimicrobial and antifungal agent, both in isolated components of the bulbs and in different formulations. A synthesis with the results obtained in recent investigations applied to prevention and fungal control is presented. Conclusions: This review contributes to the updated knowledge of the antimicrobial and antifungal properties of garlic that are related to the variety of isolated compounds produced in the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the compilation of a glossary of words related to the productive activities performed in the mid twentieth century in the middle course of the River Guadalquivir, on its way through Córdoba (Andalucía). The aim is to demonstrate that these words provide a fundamental knowledge about the local culture that is essential to fully understand oral records on that particular place at that time. The words included in the glossary, which can be found in the appendix, were collected from a number of biographical interviews that were carried out in the course of a larger project about the industrial heritage of the city, in which the authors participate as ethnographers and anthropologists. The paper shows how the transcription of the interviews influenced the decision to develop the glossary and how the words were chosen. As a sample, a specific analysis of one of the terms included, the vernacular form súa, is also provided. Finally, the paper reflects on the potential social use of this glossary and its patrimonial status. It argues that these words need to be documented and considers the risks associated to perspectives on heritage that place too much emphasis on conservationism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the importance of the social processes -inherent to the drive to modernise the state undertaken under the first government of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo- that surrounded the gestation of works of institutional architecture as an expression of political aestheticisation. Primary and secondary sources were used to uncover a series of works of institutional architecture that laid the foundations for the modernisation and standardisation of school buildings in Chile at the beginning of the twentieth century. The results revealed the significant role played by The Foundation Company, the American company responsible for the Standard Schools, which were expressions of political aestheticisation that set the guidelines for educational architecture in Chile for the following five decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the first tourists' guidebooks on Spain published between 1840 and 1930. The aim is to highlight the contrast between the socioeconomic vision of the country reflected in the foreign guidebooks aimed at the Anglo-Saxon public, where certain stereotypes maintained a notable weight, and the vision offered by the little-known Spanish guidebooks, aimed at the national tourists, which did give an account of the transformation of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the quantitative evaluation methods of lexical and rhythmic exactness of verse translations. It describes the practical approaches to this problem developed within the Russian-speaking academia of the 20th and 21st centuries. The best-known method was proposed by the eminent scholar Mikhail L. Gasparov (1975, 1986, 1989, etc.) to evaluate the lexical correspondence between literal translations (verbum pro verbum) and metrical translations based on them (indirect translation). Later, Gasparov and other researchers applied this method to compare original poems and their direct translations. Apart from Gasparov's approach to the problem, the article presents related essays by Oleksandr M. Finkel (1966, published in 2001, 2006). The paper's second section demonstrates the possibilities of quantitative analysis on the example of three Russian metrical translations of Federico Garcia Lorca's poem "Reyerta" (1926) by Valentin Ya. Parnach (1940), Anatoly M. Geleskul (1968), and Pavel M. Grushko (1975). In addition, the article proposes a brief excursus on the history of the formalist theory of the poetic text and poetic translation, which should be considered the theoretical basis of comparative-quantitative studies of translated poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the end of the 20th century, despite the crisis in the fishing sector in Spain, there has been a significant growth in fishing ports. This is partly due to the fact that the requalification of ports has been an objective of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) since the mid-1990s. The aim of the paper is to analyse the impact of this policy, as well as to observe the integration between port and city linked to social demand which makes it possible for fishing uses to coexist with other recreational, sporting or commercial uses. The case study focuses on the ports of Muros and Ribeira (Galicia), based on a combined quantitative and qualitative analysis, using statistical and cartographic sources (SIOSE programme and photointerpretation) and fieldwork. The results show a significant growth and diversification of port uses, at the same time as a reduction in the number and power of the fishing fleet (SGP, 2021). The authors highlight the absence of a master plan to guide investments at regional level, and, in general, of sectoral and urban planning instruments to harmonise these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literature review regarding Gertrudis Segovia Álvarez shows this author has been forgotten from the critics despite being recognized as a successful writer at the beginning of the twentieth century. This paper aims archival research related to her stay in the Canary Islands and the influence of this time in her work. The findings show the issues Gertrudis Segovia embodied with her feminine identity because of an intellectual and emotional exclusion. Also, it is discovered in this paper the features of being a self-sacrificing woman, the importance of the influence of the masculine role in her life -her father and her husband, and the importance of her recognition by a female audience in the middle of the strong influence of the Catholicism in the social life and the private life as well. All of these features frame her initial recognition as an important author but also the forgetfulness of herself and her work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last third of the 20th century was witness the agrarian transformation of the Huelva province coast. Its traditional agriculture turned into one of the most avant-garde and technical in Andalusia and Spain. Previously marginal lands, considered unproductive, became central. We dedicate the paper to the description and analysis of the local heterodox agrarian reform that initiated this transformation: the occupation, subdivision, and cultivation of the collective forest and bushland of El Avitorejo and surroundings, later known as Las Malvinas, in the township areas of Moguer and Palos de la Frontera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the tension between presencia común [common spaces] and amazement which shape José Manuel Arango's poetry. On one hand, this tension embodies the poet's subjective experience and on the other hand reality as the essential feature of his poetry. As one of his interpreter states that Cantiga (1987) is a rewritten work of two previous poems, this paper suggests a critical review from the context of his writing to the theoretical framework regarding common spaces. The result of this research shows that Cantiga determines a poet inserted in the world plentily observed by him and then names it. From this point of view, this José Manuel Arango's work expresses the division between the poetic subject and the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the processes of class formation and workers’ organization in the cities of Rosario and Santa Fe, Argentina, between 1870 and the first decade of the twentieth century. An analytical perspective of local-regional and comparative history was chosen, seeking to observe how these processes operated between both cities beyond the links with the Federal Capital, paying attention to the ideological current that hegemonized the working-class world at that time, anarchism, as well as the workers’ federations. A heuristic analysis and the triangulation of workers’ sources with official documents were carried out and, through the comparative method, an attempt is made to account for the close links and repertoires of collective action shared and used by the workers in their process of union organization, showing the regional organizational capacity beyond the links with Buenos Aires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper expounds the history of the interaction between the concept of right to development as it is understood in international politics and law with the statements of the Catholic Social Teaching about development. The results of this research show the different conceptual transformations of development throughout the second half of the 20th century and early 21st century, expressed in the use of different adjectives that qualify development to stress different perspectives. There has been variation not only in the adjectives but also in the legal instruments used to promote development, that had led to a relative obsolescence of the concept of right to development. Presently, sustainable development is the key concept that vehicles the thrust of the promotion of development in the international system and it has also made its way to official Church teaching. The article finally underlines how recent questioning of the very concept of development in recent academic literature, which show the limits of the growth paradigm due to ecological planetary limits, have not been duly discussed in official statements and catholic theology. This is an emerging debate, but it is gaining momentum and will surely require discussion in catholic approaches to the problem of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the flourishing of silversmith workshops in Compostela in the nineteenth to the twentieth century through the historical press, whose emptying has allowed us to know more than a thousand news related to these artists and their importance in the society. This news informs us about the making of anonymous works, and sumptuous gifts for the most distinguished characters of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper follows a track proposed but not developed by Michel Foucault. In his lectures on the Abnormal (1975), the author linked the character of the criminal religious with the figure of the "political monster" but focused only on the type of tyrant. Following this suggestion, our work explores the genealogy of the ecclesiastical man abusing minors. On the one hand, the profile of the "pederast priest" is traced as a biological enemy of the nation and of the class, in the context of the Spanish culture at the end of the colonial Empire, in the transition from the 19th to the 20th century. On the other hand, this form of subjectivity is contrasted with that of the "pedophile clergyman", as it currently appears in the testimonies of the victims, in the media and in the social sciences. The intention is to show the belonging of both classes of person to very different biopolitical scenarios, despite the continuity of the teratological motive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the discourses around masculinity and modernity intertwined in intellectual elites' representations during the turn of the twentieth century. The analysis uses a close-reading of certain cases -cultural magazines, eulogies, literary works- that illustrate such discourses. The article shows the elites' efforts for positioning Peru within the realm of the civilized countries and as part of the advancement of Western modernity. To do so, they tried to describe the virile, strenuous, and rational character of the men than inhabited the country. On the hand, elites extolled the heroic character --in terms of hegemonic masculinity-- of leading Peruvian figures to counter the pessimism after the War of the Pacific military defeat. In the same vein, the subsequent enthusiasm during the Aristocratic Republic was anchored in the possibilities to transform the Peruvian subjects towards greater whiteness, masculinity, and civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are a fundamental historical subject of the Galician overseas migrations, being Argentina the most important American destination, where hundreds of thousands lived, worked, and preserved their culture and transmitted it. However, migratory studies have tended to invisibilize their specific dynamics and experiences as they were traditionally seeing either as mere companions of their countrymen or part of a family reunification phenomena. This misrepresentation complicated the understanding of their reality giving rise to stereotypes and to the undervaluation of their role in the migration process. Therefore, it is necessary to advance in the study of their individual as well as collective realities and experiences to make visible the changes in their daily lives, to which emigration could have given rise. This paper explores the potential that a series of sources considered "emigration literature" in the twentieth century have to that end, including biographies, autobiographies and fictional autobiographies, collective books of testimonies, essays, stories based on real experiences, among other sources that fall under what is called "migration literature." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we approach the process of construction of the Malvinas as a national cause in the school from the qualitative approach of 170 school textbooks published between 1870 and 1970. We seek to analyze the role that school history had in the configuration of this territorial claim that has been transformed into a national sentiment for Argentines. We note that during the first half of the 20th century, Malvinas was a subject ignored in the elementary education textbooks. It is transformed and presented as a true national cause in school textbooks published after 1950, promoted by Peronism and continued by subsequent governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores some ontological and political implications of the phenomenon of technical reproduction that takes place at the beginning of the 20th century. In philosophy of technology there is a basic agreement that social and political innovations cannot be understood independently from the emergence and use of certain technical means. Our objective in this work is to critically explore an aspect usually underestimated in this type of inquiry about technology: how inherently technical properties attached to certain new technical systems (for instance, reproduction systems) can actually favor some purposes and uses instead of others. With this objective, the paper reconstructs Walter Benjamin's perspective on the problem of reproducible copies and discusses Latour and Hennion's recent criticisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to expose how the ideas of social law circulated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries between Europe and America. To do this, this text shows, with some generalizations for reasons of space, the German, French, Italian, Spanish, American and Latin American case, to make clear how this Atlantic communication of academic ideas and social rules operated. Furthermore, this paper aims to demonstrate that, although there was a global circulation of social ideas in law, it cannot be lost sight of how these ideas were received locally, in such a way that one cannot be studied without the other, an aspect that this article called "glocalization" of social law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dependence Theory has been deemed as an obsolete approach for the study of Latin-American reality. The success in other peripheral geographic areas that managed to position themselves at the core of the world economy by the end of the 20th century apparently meant that the said theory was not valid anymore. However, the Latin-American countries are still not capable to correct the structural deficiencies that inspired the inception of the dependence, as they are still today significantly dependent on the raw material trading. This paper aims to resume the debate on the Dependence Theory in order to recover some valuable insights for the reflection on the current socioeconomic trends in this region. This work attempts, in turn, to redefine the most rigid and obsolete theoretical aspects of the Dependence Theory in order to underline how it influenced current development discourses. In this vein, this paper highlights the parallel facts between the Dependence Theory and the academic literature on development and primary resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the so far unnoticed relation between Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote and the life and works of Spanish novelist Francisco Umbral. In spite of having written numerous texts on canonical Spanish authors, Umbral actually paid limited attention to Cervantes. The purpose of the paper is to establish the few yet significant affinities that Umbral expressed towards Cervantes and the main character of his novel. In order to demonstrate this complex link, the paper compares the character of Alonso Quijano to Umbral as a public figure himself. In both cases, there is a constant negotiation between fact and fiction, which leads us to problematize, according to Ian Watt, the concept of "myth" as a paradigm of modern individualism. The second part of the paper examines the metaphors of history that Umbral discovers throughout his reading of Don Quixote. Finally, the third section reflects on the similarities between Quijano and Umbral as both heroes and polemicists. Conclusions show that Umbral's interpretation is symptomatic of a shared perspective of Miguel de Cervantes' novel among late 20th century Spanish writers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the second half of the 20th century, many Spanish Mediterranean areas have undergone important land use changes as a result of socioeconomic development (industrialization, urbanization, intensification of agriculture and livestock, dry crops abandonment). This paper describes, maps and quantifies the main transformations that have occurred in the middle Túria basin, an example of a medium Mediterranean mountain situated in the transition between the inner highlands and the coastal plain affected by the expansion of the Valencia metropolitan area. Photo-interpretation techniques and the analysis of series of the NDVI vegetation index obtained from satellite images have been used. The dynamic cartography of land use changes between 1956 to 2010 has let us identify the type and magnitude of the changes in order to be able to establish in the future the environmental implications in the hydrological response of the basin. Changes have been observed in 60 % of the basin, mainly the expansion in forest cover (scrub and forest) on the mountain areas and changes from dry to irrigated crops (citrus), showing a greening landscape which is in agreement with the process observed in other areas of Spain by other authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abolition of slavery in the Americas in the 19th century was understood as a "moral" and "civilizing" transformation of the nascent republics. Critical historiography shows that it was an economic mechanism that contributed to the accumulation of capital, which clandestinely maintained modalities of transatlantic traffic until the 20th century. Elements of work without freedom can be found today in the labor routes of migrants in Chile. Using qualitative methodologies, we show how the work of migrants is tied to obtaining and keeping "identity papers" and to the racialization of their labor relations. We conclude that unfree labor for migrants is defined by dependence, violence and racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the beginning of the twentieth century, in a context of growing eroticization of culture, theatrical performances featured the first female nudes. This article aims to analyze how the female body was presented in these performances and the diversity of meanings derived from its exhibition. In order to do this, I will take as a reference one of the most successful literary works of the Spanish Second Republic, La pipa de oro, whose importance within the period lies in being the first performance to show a naked female breast on stage. From the intersection between social history, the history of sexuality and feminist theory, I will address the double reading that this issue raises: the perpetuation of the traditional role of the "woman as object" or her own liberation. The discursive examination of the script and the hemerographic analysis of its social impact will serve as complementary tools when it comes to addressing the duality of the problem. A comparative analysis of the two positions reveals that only in the light of their convergence, considering one as the consequence of the other, can we attempt to enact a global understanding of such complex phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between Maoism and psychiatry in the work of the Argentine psychiatrist Gregorio Bermann (1894-1972). As a result of the cultural diplomacy deployed by the People's Republic of China since 1949 and of specific institutional networks, the author produced knowledge regarding China, its practices and institutions of mental health as an expert-traveler. Those works were a dissemination of the "mass science" promoted by this country, applied to the field of psychiatry, though not without tensions. The relevance that China had for rethinking psychiatric practice in the case studied is evaluated, and it is argued that Gregorio Bermann's interest in largescale psychiatry and the international political commitment that he held were decisive in it. Lastly, this article studies the spaces where those works circulated and shows the variety of existing knowledge regarding China based on the political positions that were held towards it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anclajes, from its beginnings and until today, has fostered the dissemination of articles and book reviews linked to descriptive linguistics, sociolinguistics and the historiography of the languages of Latin America. This paper reviews how the publication has witnessed, during the last twenty-five years, the advances and changes in research on Amerindian languages, cultures and literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"There is no such Revival. Around the Philosophical Disquisitions on Alienation in the late Twentieth Century". The following paper proposes to give arguments to relativize the extensive account that the concept of alienation lost theoretical attention in the field of philosophy during the eighties of the last century, and that a revival of the study of the concept occurred in the nineties. The conclusion is that there was no such loss of attention, but that furthermore, the presumed premises in the discussion concerning alienation from the nineties up to the present were delineated during the eighties. This conclusion has two supporters: the type of approach regarding alienation carried out by analytical Marxism and the philosophical incursions into the concept in the context of North American sociology. Based on this, the text offers a systematization of the history of the philosophical study of the concept in two sections or stages. And it concerns itself with two -and not three- stages because, for what was argued, philosophy did not stop talking about alienation in the eighties, although it did so to a much lesser extent than before (specifically, during the sixties and seventies, considered the boom in the philosophical treatment of alienation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music scenes were the most influential expressions in Costa Rican popular culture at the end of the twentieth century. These cultural formations were facilitated by the public relevance of the youths, and the growth of cultural consumption and urban areas. Also, they were leaded by the rock and metal music; therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the articulation and evolution of the metal urban scene of Costa Rica between the years 1980-1992. For that, this investigation will provide evidence of how the metal music separate himself from the rock music and set his own musical dynamic, although that generated public awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The feminist discourse of the late 20th century, on the diversity of female and male identities, has been subjected to a profound critique of feminist research itself in the plural context of the 21st century. The debate has gone beyond the academic and has extended to the media and the church. We are therefore witnessing an extension of the historical “Women’s Quest” which began at the end of the 14th century on the intellectual capacity of women to reflect on themselves and create knowledge. Querelle in the 21st century has centered on the debate about gender. The intention of this paper is to help clarify some aspects of the notion of gender and to make visible the different positions on it, as well as to set out some interpretative keys that can favour an internal dialogue, where meeting rather than confrontation is the main thing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will present the methodological experience developed at the National University of Costa Rica, with the purpose of contributing to the recovery of part of the historical memory of western Panama, specifically about the guaymi indigenous population in the period from 1880 to 1925. As it will be presented throughout these pages, the reconstruction of facts, subjects, ideas and processes has been conducted through a polyphony of voices, visions and sources that allowed us to approach this forgotten and blurred sector in the national history of Panama, but also of Costa Rica. This period of research is of great importance, as it proposed the foundations for the relationship that these sectors of the population will have with the Panamanian State and, later, with the Costa Rican State throughout the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches comparative legal history in light of the life and work of John H. Wigmore. This paper first presents a definition of comparative legal history. Secondly, this paper addresses a mosaic of interests that Wigmore lived and experienced. It therefore presents a main dialogue of this jurist with the law of evidence, another dialogue with auxiliary disciplines, and a common thread that is represented by his interest in legal history and comparative law. This paper therefore points to the role that different actors may have in the development of an autonomous discipline, while they interact with other actors in other jurisdictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, studies on masculinities have become a growing field of scholarship in Argentina. This paper provides a preliminary state of the art and critical account of the latest research on the topic. We emphasize the relation of these studies with others on sexual diversity, identifying important ongoing debates and alerting about vacant areas of inquiry. Focusing on an assessment of both fields' most important contributions, the paper deals with two major sets of disciplines: history, sociology and anthropology on one hand, and literary, cinematographic and cultural studies on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines two key essays from the 20th century French Caribbean which share a formative function and a common purpose of raising racial and social awareness. After a reflection on the concepts of culture and colonialism, we will look at the classic So spoke the uncle (1928) by Haitian ethnologist Jean Price-Mars as an antecedent of Black Skin, White Masks (1952) by Martinican psychiatrist Frantz Fanon. Both constitute decolonizing "essays of formation" in which diverse discursive formats -ethnographic research, psychoanalysis-, linked with the authors' different disciplinary origins, are modulated by a decisive pedagogical function and the predominance of narrative patterns such as the modern novel of formation or Bildungsroman. Read as decolonial lessons, both essays express the urgent need for an education opposed to French "assimilation", which implies a de-learning of "White" hegemonic ideas, beliefs, and values. As we will see, the development of a decolonizing formative program is furthered by Fanon in a radical way since he not only denounces, as Price-Mars had previously done, the alienation of those who possess black skin and adopt white masks; he also warns against the mystic and enthusiastic négritude which unwillingly falls into the trap of colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the end of the 20th century a new critical project led by women has been underway in Morocco, focused on the literary production of women writers from Morocco and other parts of the Arab world. It is a true gynocritical project that establishes an intellectual dialogue with the North American researcher Elaine Showalter, who coined the term gynocritics in 1981 in reference to a new framework for studying literature produced by women. This paper looks at the extent to which Moroccan gynocriticism has provided new tools for criticism and literary studies, as the emergence of this phenomenon has altered the terms of debate regarding women‟s writing in Morocco. In their analyses, female Moroccan critics address women‟s writing from new perspectives, defending the recognition of women writers and their acceptance within the Moroccan literary canon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes aspects of a little-known work in the context of grammar and history of Spanish language teaching in Portugal, the Gramática espanhola para uso dos portugueses (Oporto, 1947) by Julio Martínez Almoyna: the possible reasons for its publication in Portugal in the mid-twentieth century, the structure of the lessons and its didactic characteristics. Regarding the first aspect, the writing of the work is framed in the Luso-Spanish socio-political context of the time. Regarding specifically methodological issues, we analyze in detail the microstructure of the lessons and the underlying didactic criteria. In order to examine the didactic characteristics of the manual, we put it in contrast with other works published in Portugal for the teaching of Spanish; specifically, the Gramática elemental de la lengua española (Lisbon, 1947), by Pablo Gayán Hernanz, and Español para lusitanos. Método práctico de lengua española (Coimbra, 1952), by José María Viqueira Barreiro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In July 1961, Professor Quintín Alfonsín, the main historical reference in the studies of Private International Law in Uruguay, and one of the most important national jurists of the 20th century, died as a consequence of aeronautical tragedy in Buenos Aires. His greatness to face his destiny --being able to save himself he chose to fight to the limit of his strength trying to help his wife-- enhances a personality in which the conscience of moral duty, the search for excellence and his will power were commendable values of principle. This paper does not intend to summarize his work or insist on the topic of his early loss, which has already been done at great extent, but rather to highlight some personal qualities of Alfonsín and his prevailing legal and human lessons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consolidation of popular housing programs in Chile in the first half of the 20th century must be understood under the dynamics of the political dispute and the configuration of the urban space, which respond to alliances between the working sectors and the State. In this paper, we analyze how this trajectory is mediated by utopian projective perspectives by both agents, until they reach the workers' orchards as a concrete materialization of those abstract utopias. Official documents and publications of the main managers of the production experiences of a specific urban space, Santiago in the first half of the 20th century, were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on what went beyond mere housing action, problematizing not only the right to housing, but how that right should be materialized. The utopian question, as a horizon of possibility, allows us to argue that the popular housing projects managed to be permeated by alternative ways of inhabiting the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ideas of limit and musicality constitute axial concepts in José Ángel Valente's poetry. In this paper we propose to link Valente's poetics with Spectral Music. We will review the foundations of José Ángel Valente's maturity poetry with the purpose of comparing them with the theoretical approaches of Spectral Music. The fluctuating and permeable nature of the limit determines the foundations of Spectral Music as well as Valente's poetics. We can establish that the notion of 'reverberance' constitutes the epistemological basis-even ontological-of those styles. The exploration of the own material nature is the way that both liminal aesthetics determine themselves as knowledge paths. The self-knowledge turns into aesthetic object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on Another Day of Life (Raúl de la Fuente, Damian Nenow, 2018) and Chris the Swiss (Anja Kofmel, 2018), two recent animated documentary feature films which delve into two important war conflicts that defined the historical development of the second half of the 20th century. These films complaint about the violation of Human Rights through the experiences of their main characters -- who witnessed firsthand such historical events. On the one hand, Another Day of Life reenacts the experience of a Polish reporter, Richard Kapuscinski, who visited Angola in 1975, in the midst of a war that culminated in the decolonization of the African country as a Portuguese province. On the other hand, Chris the Swiss approaches the Balkans war during the 90s, following Anja Kofmel's personal research developed about the tragic decease of her own cousin, then a young reporter named Christian "Chris" Würtenberg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present paper is to describe some examples of mexican university artistic heritage, taking as reference in Mexico City of National Autonomous University of Mexico and others universities of Puebla city and Toluca city. During this work, a tour of museums, galleries, cultural centers and other spaces is established, in charge of reflection on historical and cultural aspects, linking the university, collecting and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the publication of Reforma energética en México for the Chamber of Deputies in May of 2016, this paper discusses the text 100 años de petróleo en México by Víctor Rodríguez-Padilla within the framework of Hans-Georg Gadamer's hermeneutics. This implies the discussion on the definition of "oil", which will become crucial in order to articulate a hermeneutical sense of the Mexican collective consciousness, its links with nationalism and the complex recuperation process that Mexico lived during the twentieth century. By delving into the connections between the interpreter and the author, and by immersing ourselves in the historical gear of oil as a part of morality, this article ends by analysing the experienced axiological basis that occurs in the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes to broach a series of poems by Heberto Padilla, Roque Dalton, Juana Bignozzi, and Francisco Urondo whom, from a left ideology, set up dissonant voices regarding the official or partisan revolutionary discourse in force in the middle of the 20th century in Latin America. Serial reading and the crossings between dissimilar writers and from different countries of the region will allow us to rethink some cyclical readings and re-signify poetry as a space that exceeds the pamphlet and propaganda to configure a critical view of revolutionary processes and dispute the hegemony itself of the word revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the first half of the 20th century, Japan launched an imperialist project in East Asia that transformed the region in many ways. By means of a historical and comparative analysis, this paper describes the economic activities of the Japanese in that period, directed not only to the mere extraction of resources, but also to the construction of infrastructure, the training of technical personnel and the creation of institutions and long-lasting international links. It also shows how all this was used favorably as a driving force in the industry of the region, and even in cases of economic growth that emulated the "Japanese miracle" after the Second World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the production of sculptures by Benjamín Mendizábal Vizcarra (1875-1957). In Lima, the critical assessment of his sculptures followed positivist ideologies that were opposed to his creative freedom. Originating from this controversy the research is divided into three topics: the critique of his Apollonian Incas, the vicissitudes of both his monumental project Manco Cápac (1917), his bronze reliefs made in 1926, and the nominal difficulty of his incaists art works. Based on historical ethnographic studies with the idea of accomplishing verisimilitude in the arts, Mendizábal adapted his Apollonian interpretation of his Incaist sculptures towards a scientifical purification, the product of the influence of artistic critiques and the establishment response in Lima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this paper are to locate documentation to study the morbidity and mortality caused by exanthematous typhus in Jerez de la Frontera (1941-1942); to study the sanitary measures that were carried out in this city against this disease, and to point out other problems of morbidity and mortality in the 1940s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions about what is life, when it begins, and when it must be protected are central to the debates about abortion, contraceptive methods, assisted reproduction techniques, and other related issues. The objective of this paper is to examine the technoscientific developments that have led to these questions, and to consider the cultural impacts of these debates. To address this, secondary sources were used to create a compilation of specialized literature. The development of intrauterine visualization technologies and genetic narratives, which have become part of popular culture, were analyzed as visualization and enunciation regimes that are part of a complex"dispositive of life". By recovering this Foucaultian concept, this article characterizes the ways in which images and narratives about zygotes, embryos and fetuses, represented as synonyms of "life", circulate freely forming a network of knowledge/power that modulates bodies and subjectivities. It is concluded that the concept of "life", as we understand it today, isa construction developed throughout the twentieth century, nourished by elements of technoscience, but reproduced in circuits that transcend those fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we are going to develop a series of critical concepts from Octavio Paz's essay works, specifically, those of analogy and irony, of clearly romantic and symbolist roots, and meta-irony, particularly conceptualized by the author to explain an aesthetic phenomenon of the Avant-garde. However, we will not devote ourselves to all the artists who renewed the forms of cultural creation at the beginning of the 20th century, but we will stop at the early work of a figure that was specially interesting to Octavio Paz: Marcel Duchamp. In this way, we are going to explain the evolution and application of these concepts through different reflections and authors of interest. We will observe that at the bottom of these reflections are found the keys of poetic modernity as understood by the Mexican poet, and that it manifested itself in a cultural trajectory that culminated or reached fullness, precisely, with Duchamp's works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]