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Objective: To describe the characteristics of papers presented at medical student conferences of Sociedad Científica Médico Estudiantil Peruana (SOCIMEP - Peruvian Medical Student Scientific Society) between 2017 and 2019, as well as the factors related to their publication. Materials and methods: An observational, cross-sectional, bibliometric, retrospective and secondary-source study based on the books of abstracts of papers presented at scientific conferences between 2017 and 2019. The data were analyzed with the Stata Statistical Software: Release 13 using descriptive statistics. In the multivariate analysis, prevalence ratios were calculated with a 95 % confidence interval and p < 0.05 in the crude and adjusted analyses. Results: From a total of 447 papers, 170 (38.0 %) were completed research studies, 168 (37.6 %) research protocols and 109 (24.4 %) case reports. In addition, 233 (52.1 %) authors came from a university in Lima and 183 (40.9 %) were from public universities. Moreover, 376 (52.1 %) papers had an advisor among the authors, 332 (88.3 %) of whom were physicians. The frequency of publications accounted for 11.4 %. The prevalence of original-article publications was 131 % higher (aPR: 2.31; 95 % CI: 1.22-4.37, p = 0.010) and 63 % lower (aPR: 0.37; 95 % CI: 0.17-0.81, p = 0.014) among papers presented in 2019 compared to 2017, thus being statistically significant, with p < 0.05. Conclusions: One out of 10 abstracts of papers presented at SOCIMEP conferences was published; however, this number is still low. Among the factors associated with the publication were presenting a research paper as an original article and in 2019. The results of this study will help the university leadership to strengthen research through strategies and/or programs linked to the student scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish Association of Administrative Law Professors (AEPDA) will organize the XIX AEPDA Congress at the University of Lleida on January 31st and February 1st, 2025. The theme of the congress will be "Water Law in Spain: Forty Years Later". Communications and posters are invited to be submitted for the congress, with a deadline of December 10th, 2024. The call for communications and posters, as well as the provisional program of the congress, are attached. [Extracted from the article]

Universities are a formative scenario that transforms reality and their actions must go beyond commitment and citizen solidarity. The objective of this review article is to present a study on the conceptualization, definition and education in values, and an analysis of the theoretical-methodological referents of University Social Responsibility. Systematic literature review and bibliometric analyses were carried out in the programs VOSviewer version 1.6.19 and Connected Papers. The results show that strengthening the sense of identity and belonging of the competent professional committed to academic, economic, social and environmental actions, with respect to the place where he/she studies, lives and works, is fundamental to achieve transformations in order to improve the quality of citizenship education. In conclusion, it is necessary to continue stimulating the apprehension of the value of university social responsibility in higher education institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: la producción de papel está soportada principalmente en la madera debido a su alto contenido de celulosa. Sin embargo, actualmente se buscan fuentes alternativas que desestimulen el uso de este recurso favoreciendo la protección de los recursos naturales. La producción de cacao es una actividad económica importante en Colombia, sin embargo, genera grandes cantidades de residuos orgánicos. La cascarilla de cacao es uno de los residuos más significativos de la industria del cacao y representa alrededor del 12 % del peso total de la semilla. Objetivo: evaluar las propiedades fisicoquímicas del papel obtenido a partir de la cascarilla de cacao de la variedad TCS 01. Métodos: se identificó y cuantificó la composición de celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina de la cascarilla de cacao. Se realizó un diseño experimental para analizar las condiciones de extracción y elaboración del papel obtenido de la celulosa de la cascarilla y se evaluaron seis parámetros de calidad basado en la norma NTC 5342 (muestreo para determinar la calidad de papel y cartón): adsorción, tensión, escritura, color, textura y apariencia. Resultados: se obtuvo un porcentaje de celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina de 12,5, 21,5 y 15,6 % en peso respectivamente. A partir del diseño experimental para la elaboración del papel, se observó que a una temperatura de 80°C y durante 8 horas se obtuvo el mejor tratamiento, mostrando las mejores características de calidad y cumpliendo lo requerido por la NTC 5342. Se observó que la masa límite de celulosa fue de 4,21 g de muestra húmeda la cual tuvo una absorción de 3,5 ml de agua. Los ensayos de tensión mostraron resultados de 8,2 N en las muestras de papel. Conclusiones: aunque el material obtenido no cumple a cabalidad con las características necesarias para catalogarse como papel, este material puede ser utilizado en la producción de envases y embalajes donde se requiere resistencia mecánica moderada o en la producción del material llamado “cartón paja”. Además, su alta adsorción medida en la prueba realizada indica que este material podría ser utilizado como absorbente en las industrias alimentaria o de construcción. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To analyze, using bibliometric techniques, the scientific production on drug-related problem (DRP) indexed in the Scopus bibliographic database. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Data were obtained from the Scopus database, querying with the term “drug-related problem” in the registration fields of title, abstract and keywords; final search date January 2024. Results: A total of 2992 references were obtained. The annual relationship of the number of publications showed a direct linear regression model (R2 = 0.8; p < 0.001). The most frequent document type was the original article with 2455 (82.1%) references, with a productivity index of 3.4. Papers published in 26 different languages were identified, with English being the predominant language with 2607 (87.1%) papers. There was a statistically significant correlation between JCR and CiteScore impact indicators (R = 0.7, p = 0.005). A total of 40659 keywords (KW) were found, with an average of 13.6 KW per paper. The most used KW was Human, in 2411 (5.9%) times. Conclusions: Taking into account all previously mentioned, it could be concluded: This study showed that research in the field of DRPs has experienced a steady growth over the years, although it has not yet reached exponential growth. The original article was the most common type of document in scientific production. There was a clear Anglo-Saxon influence, both in terms of language and institutional affiliation. The lack of use of standardized language was evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the question of whether generative AI can create copyrightable works by making a comparative analysis between European Union law and U.S. copyright law. First, it is argued that for copyright law it does not seem possible for an entity other than a human being to be the copyright holder, thus ruling out the possibility of generative AI being considered a copyright holder. It is established that in US copyright the door it may be possible to register part of a work made using generative AI, and that in the EU this door remains open and pending evolution, although European jurisprudence already gives some guidelines. Afterwards, this paper explores possible infringement of exploitation rights in the different parts of the training process of generative AI models and in the activities that lead to the generation of content that is like intellectual works. It is concluded that in US law there is a gap in knowledge as to whether fair use would cover these types of activities. In European Law, although there are exceptions such as those in Directive 2001/29, it is not at all clear whether this will be sufficient to cover these activities, or whether the authorization of the rights owner will be necessary. If the latter is true and judging by the wave of lawsuits that have followed against companies and institutions that have made generative AI tools publicly available, it is possible that licensing negotiation may take a central role in the AI industry, with the negative consequences that this may bring for the advancement of science and for the public domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper systematizes and compares, based on the reasoning of the U.S. Supreme Court and its decisions, four pairings of concepts that arise from discussions on the operability of the presumption of innocence in the AngloAmerican legal system. The article illustrates that the partial conclusions in each of these comparisons must be reached by arguments consistent with the normative foundation of the presumption of innocence principle in order to find the defining characteristics of said principle. Ultimately, the paper sets forth a definition of the presumption of innocence that encompasses each of the partial conclusions thus reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the suitability of packaging materials made of paper/cardboard and used in different public institutions in charge of Costa Rican documentary heritage, the measurement of the acidity (pH) of the materials was carried out, as well as the use of infrared spectroscopy to study the changes in the crystalline structure of paper cellulose molecules, which influence the oxidation and degradation of cellulose as a consequence of aging (Chiriu et al., 2018). Studying the materials used to package and store documents with historical/heritage value is of high importance since these are the ones that remain in direct contact with the cultural assets for years, even decades. In total, the measurement of the physicochemical properties was carried out in four different aging stages (0, 8, 15 and 28 days), in order to compare the results and establish the changes and degradations in the materials, this to determine which of the sampled materials are more suitable for packaging documentary heritage, both in the short and long term, and according to the parameters analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a methodology using OpenAlex (OA) for tracking Open Access publications in the case of Argentina, a country where a self-archiving mandate has been in effect since 2013 (Law 26.899, 2013). A sample of 167,240 papers by researchers from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) was created and analyzed using statistical techniques. We estimate that OA is able to capture between 85-93% of authors for all disciplines, with the exception of Social Sciences and Humanities, where it only reaches an estimated 47%. The availability of papers in Open Access was calculated to be 41% for the period 1953-2021 and 46% when considering exclusively the post-law period (2014-2021). In both periods, gold Open Access made up the most common route. When comparing equal periods post and pre-law, we observed that the upward trend of gold Open Access was pre-existing to the legislation and the availability of closed articles in repositories increased by 5% to what is estimated based on existing trends. However, while the green route has had a positive evolution, it has been the publication in gold journals that has boosted access to Argentine production more rapidly. We concluded that the OA-based methodology, piloted here for the first time, is viable for tracking Open Access in Argentina since it yields percentages similar to other national and international studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the paper reviewed the Cuban Higher Education Norms to identify informational skills requirements related that justified the necessity of the curricular strategy About the Scientific and Technical Information at the Career Agronomy Studies Plan E and his scopes. The strategy, her definition, and the disciplines description about its implementation were analyzed. The actions related with scientific information were identified at the texts; key words were assigned for the descriptions. The paper concludes the strategy is pertinent cause of information literacy is recognized like vital for the successful insertion of the individuals in the information society. However, about these skills, the texts are not enough take in count they are commented at the theoretical studies about this topic, specially, the theoretical bases of the Information Literacy and the Information Skills University's Program and the requirements of the Agronomy Career Studies Plane E investigative component. The paper proposes the curricular strategy redefinition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the different reasons that lead to buy books, emphasizing readers' social relationships, the status achievement through reading, the process of purchasing books or the importance of the publisher for the customer. Furthermore, throughout all the study, the symbolic dimension that surrounds the purchase of books is highlighted, as cultural consumption that it is. The first part of the paper includes a literature review of the topic, and the second part is empirical and contains in-depth interviews that are analyzed through sociological discourse analysis. Outcomes obtained reveal that people buy books not only to enjoy or acquire knowledge, but also to socialize and get social distinction, too. Moreover, each reader's social position has an effect on the way s/he buys and relates with books. In addition, there is a large segment of readers who, on the one hand, like to own books and have their own personal library, and on the other hand, they enjoy the process of face-to-face book purchase. Therefore, book defends itself as an object and, so the development of e-books does not necessarily conflict with paper books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the reception of the Foucauldian notion of governmentality in Roberto Esposito's thought by taking into account the Italian translation of Foucault's lectures of 1977 and 1978 at the Collège de France. First, the different contexts of reception of these lectures are presented, in particular the Anglo-Saxon studies of governmentality and the crisis of Italian Marxism in the late 1970s. Secondly, Foucault's position in his courses of these years is analyzed from the perspective of the opposition between Machiavellianism and anti-Machiavellianism, precisely in view of the Italian reception. Finally, this paper analyses the reception of the notion of governmentality by Roberto Esposito in his 1980 work La politica e la storia. The paper shows the importance of this early reception of Foucault's lessons regarding the formation of the Italian biopolitical current and its specificities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I analyze Hegel's interpretation of Plato's political philosophy (specially the Republic) in certain passages of two specific works: Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts and Die Vorlesungen über Platon. I consider two axes of analysis: private property and subjective freedom. The main goal of the paper is to describe the relationship that Hegel establishes with Plato, or at least with the Republic. I show that this dialogue presents nuances with respect to the two axes mentioned and that these nuances imply differences of analysis regarding the Hegelian reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a change in international politics since the 2008 financial crisis, thanks to a greater spread of economic resources and military capabilities. For many, it is a radical transformation that could spell the end of US hegemony in Latin America. This paper examines the proposition, beginning with a review of the concept of hegemony, which rather than being viewed as a structural characteristic is conceived of here as a "nuanced hegemony", in other words a network of asymmetric and hierarchical relations. We can observe not just one transformation then, but the emergence of a hemispheric context that could be described as "differentiated hegemony". The United States still occupies a central position, but its foreign policy is marked by subregional fragmentation and the externalisation of electoral priorities. The paper explores the effects at subregional level, focusing on the opportunities and challenges it presents to Latin American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses Latin America's role in an international system in flux, with high levels of uncertainty and transformations that signal a shift in the geoeconomic and geopolitical landscape across the world. Against this backdrop, the paper examines the challenges (both old and new) the region must face, focusing on the impact of global changes on regional dynamics and the capacity of the different countries to find answers both to the international situation and old and new internal problems. In addition, as an introductory paper to this monograph entitled "Geopolitics from Latin America: a change of cycle and multipolarity", it identifies the fulcrums of these changes, their impact, the main actors involved and the processes underway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: In 2019, promoted by President Martín Vizcarra, the Congress of the Republic of Peru sanctioned a law on mandatory primary elections for voters and political parties. However, the regulation was not implemented, given that it was suspended by the Legislative Branch for the general elections in 2021 and the regional elections in 2022. Methodology: This paper studies the reform process of mandatory, simultaneous, and open primaries (PASO, for its acronym in Spanish) in Peru and its counter-reform based on its suspension on two occasions (2021 and 2022). Twenty-three key actors were interviewed for this research, including congresspersons, ministers, electoral officials, and researchers, in addition to the revision of secondary sources and newspapers of legislative sessions. Conclusions: The paper concludes that PASO were a "decorative" reform, i.e., a law passed without the intention of implementing it. Its sanction was the product of a reformist coalition between civil society and the President of the nation, where the objectives of increasing popular support for President Vizcarra and the need to improve the legitimacy of the political system converged. The reform was resisted by congresspersons who formed two counter-reformist coalitions that suspended the PASO on two occasions. Originality: The research shows that these counterreform coalitions are intrinsically linked to the atomization and personalization of the Peruvian party system, characterized by hyper-personalism and a lack of party structures. In addition, it generates theoretical contributions to studying the processes of reforms and counter-reforms in the context of institutional weakness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a two-sector model of endogenous distributive cycles and overproduction, by using elements from Marxian and Kaleckian perspectives. The model combines the two-sector model with market power presented by Dutt (1988) with insights from the cyclical model of Goodwin (1967) and the model of growth and distribution of Dutt (1987). The paper establishes the analytical conditions for a short-run equilibrium point for sectoral capacity utilization rates. Furthermore, for the long run, considering capital accumulation, the paper demonstrates the existence of stable cycles in four dimensions (sectoral distribution of capital, employment rate, and markups for sectors producing capital and consumption goods). These findings are used to reinterpret overproduction within capitalist cycles, where the relative magnitudes of overaccumulation of capital and underconsumption change at different phases of the cycle, while full employment is not a relevant case. The paper concludes by suggesting insights for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is: first, to show that the relationship between Latin America and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a faithful reflection of a class struggle on a world scale, where the correlation of internal and external forces has been articulated over the years in favor of capital; second, to analyze the concrete possibilities that the region will face in the future if it intends to reverse this unfavorable history. The paper argues that the IMF has played a key role in the reconfiguration and extension of the dominance of international finance capital over the productive resources of Latin America by favoring the consolidation of a local capitalist class subordinated to the designs and power of transnational capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The school attendance of 4-5 years-old children raised from 3.7% to 78.9% between 1970 and 2018 in Brazil. This paper analyses the preschool expansion process in Brazil in the last 50 years, documenting the preschool attendance and discussing how sociodemographic and institutional factors usually associated with the expansion are related to the process. The paper shows that female labor force participation, public investments, and demographic factors were to some extent important but not crucial to the expansion of pre-school attendance in Brazil. Furthermore, the observed expansion seems to be a result of uncoordinated and unplanned policies implemented in the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to compare 19th-century Latin American novels about piracy with 20th-century novels about drug trafficking in order to demonstrate that organized crime creates its own sovereignty juxtaposed with state sovereignty and that both pirates and drug traffickers are constantly renegotiating their relationship with the state. The literary corpus from the 19th century includes El filibustero (1864), by Mexican writer Eligio Ancona, and Los piratas en Cartagena (1886), by Colombian writer Soledad Acosta de Samper; from the 20th century, Contrabando (1991), by Mexican writer Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda, and La Virgen de los Sicarios (1994), by Colombian writer Fernando Vallejo. This paper is divided into two sections; the first section deals with the relationship between pirates and drug traffickers and the State. It discusses the attitudes of the writers towards the State and the implications of the State actors in the illegal business. The second section discusses the existence of juxtaposed sovereignties represented through the creation of the social imaginary of piracy and drug trafficking. Drawing on historical and political resources on piracy and drug trafficking, this paper aims to create an interdisciplinary environment to discuss organized crime in literature and its political influence on society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Describe the characteristics of the different cardiology medical residencies in Latin America. Method: Cross-sectional study that aims to evaluate the characteristics of cardiology residencies in Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America, through self-administered electronic surveys. Results: Three hundred seven residents of 147 residences were surveyed. Mean age was 31 years and 63% were male. Ninety eight percent carry out their training in the capital city. The average total training time is 4.8 years. Forty four percent complete their residency in internal medicine prior to starting cardiology, and 10% have no prior training. In cardiology training is 3 years in most countries. Fifty four percent present academic activities every day and 16% only once or less, consisting of theoretical classes (93%), clinical cases (85%), bibliographic workshops (69%), and writing scientific papers (68%). Supervision is carried out by the chief resident (45%), resident coordinator (44%), resident instructor (27%) or the department head (54%), while 2.6% do not present supervision. The main rotations were echocardiography (99%), hemodynamics (96%), coronary unit (93%), and electrophysiology (92%). Residents highlighted the need to improve academic activities (23%) and scientific production (12%). Conclusions: There are important differences in the academic and practical training between the residences of the different countries of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extractivist archaeological practices have been carried out in the Atacama Lickanantay territory, Antofagasta region, northern Chile, ever since the 19th century, excluding or denying the voice and/or participation of members of the local indigenous community. However, the beginning of the 21st century saw a change in this sense bringing new experiences of collaboration between Atacameños and archaeologists. Our goal is to reflect on the definitions and applications of collaborative methodologies in archaeological projects, through discussion focusing on the global, through the national and finally the local, from where we approach a particular collaborative project. The research, conducted between early 2021 and mid 2024, studies the history of the collection and patrimonialization of indigenous bodies in the Atacameño Lickanantay territory, and socializes this information among the local communities. Based on this work, we conclude that all research in the territory must involve and be authorized by the Atacameño communities. Also, we consider that the Atacameños should stop being the object of research and instead become researchers who lead or collaborate in the studies within their communities and in their territory. The originality of this paper lies precisely in the fact that it brings a global discussion of contemporary archaeology to a concrete case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: This paper examines the open legal primary rule in Chile for the selection of the presidential candidate, established in 2012 through Law 20640. This rule contains elements shared with similar legislation in the region as well as specific characteristics. Methodology: Through a case study, we will investigate the results and consequences of the application of primaries on the three occasions they were implemented (2013, 2017, and 2021). We will review the formal changes adopted and the political events that occurred in the interim, considering the main variables that typically intervene in electoral events of this nature, drawn from the existing debate and literature. Conclusions: The case of Chile shows that the combination of an open legal primary system with voluntary internal voting, incomplete simultaneity, and the absence of stable political groupings produces effects that do not align with either the general aspirations for the implementation of primaries or the theoretical purposes outlined by the ideologists of Chilean legislation. Originality: This study contributes to the emerging literature addressing open legal primaries in their dual aspect, both as a nomination mechanism and as an electoral rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes empirically the existence of the credit channel of monetary policy in Mexico, that is, the relationship between changes in the target interest rate and variations in credit granted by commercial banks. The study combines aggregate information with data from the individual balance sheets of commercial banks and conducts a panel data regression analysis. The analysis is performed for total credit and its components (business, consumer, and mortgage). Additionally, by using banks' accounting information, it explores whether the transmission mechanism occurs on the supply side. It is found that there is a negative and economically significant relationship between interest rate and credit, and such a relationship is established for different types of credit. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the transmission mechanism operates on the supply side, as banks with more robust balance sheets exhibit greater resilience to changes in the interest rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the central decades of the 19th century, Spain developed a banking system based on plurality of issuance. Various banks were authorized by the state to circulate their banknotes in their respective provinces. This process gave rise to a mosaic of issuing banks. Their existence facilitated the acceptance of banknotes, at the same time as these banks provided means of payment in the territories in which they operated. The effects were important both for the spread of the banknote and for the economy. This paper summarizes the Spanish issuing experience, which was affected by the crisis of 1866 and ended in 1874 with the issuing monopoly in the hands of the Banco de España. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the characteristics of Mexico's productive and commercial integration from 1995 to 2018. It offers a framework to understand how the sectors of the Mexican economy are integrated into global value chains (gvc). The methodology developed by Wang, Wei, Yu, and Zhu (2017a and 2017b) is applied to the interregional input-output matrices of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (oecd). With this, two questions are answered: 1) What percentage of production factors used in Mexican sectors have been involved in activities of segmented production or gvc between countries? And 2) what percentage of final products produced by sectors in Mexico come from gvc activities? The results indicate that the sectors of the Mexican economy have higher participation indexes in backward linkages, which shows a higher share of imported intermediate inputs, compared to their respective participation indexes in forward linkages. The latter represents inputs from the country in exports and production of goods from third countries. Additionally, the results indicate that any policy design aimed at promoting specific activities should take into account the increasing integration of countries and their sectors gvc on a global scale, regardless of their level of development. This fact may limit the options for further integrating activities related to gvc with domestic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State negotiations constitute the foundation for the development of each nation, relying on the acquisition of resources and services. Public procurement not only has economic and social impacts but also demands that public officials ensure compliance with the law. However, some of these officials have violated the legal principles of public procurement, seeking to obtain benefits, goods, or personal services without legal backing. In studies conducted in Ecuador, this phenomenon has been analyzed in relation to the variability of indeterminacies that public officials face in interpreting regulations. Therefore, this paper focuses on analyzing and defining the levels of indeterminacy present in the neutrosophic variable that influences the functioning of state negotiations. The use of neutrosophic statistics is suggested for modeling the study to detect indeterminacies of the variable in each dimension. Among the neutrosophic results, the misuse of government policies in state negotiation processes is identified as the sole criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a neutrosophic study on attitudes towards virtual technology, with a special focus on the "Experience Machine". Employing a methodology that incorporates the theory of indecision and neutrality into response analysis, the perceptions of 50 university students were investigated. Opinions and feelings were transformed into neutrosophic numbers to calculate contradiction and conduct a detailed analysis. The results indicate a predisposition towards agreement with virtual technology, although notable indecision and a significant presence of neutral attitudes were detected. The correlations and clustering methods applied reveal a complex dynamic of attitudes, challenging binary interpretations and highlighting the need for more nuanced strategies. This neutrosophic approach offers new perspectives for the development and marketing of innovative technologies, recognizing the diversity of emotions and opinions in user responses to emerging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to assess and improve the impact on reading students' comprehension due to an intervention in two curricular modules, Teorías pedagógicas and Lengua at Teacher's Training of an Instituto de Formación Docente (IFD) in Uruguay. The framework on these studies is based on Academic Literacy, which encompasses the teaching practices needed for reading specialized texts. The method used to quantify changes on reading students' comprehension is a pretest and posttest strategy without control group. Before and after the intervention a reading comprehension test is applied. The results show a statistically significant difference in the mean between the pre and posttest (the difference of 1 and p value equal to 0.003). Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected, and the alternative hypothesis is accepted which is that the intervention produced change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between China's maritime security policy and territorial disputes in the gray zone in the South China Sea. The study examines this relationship through the strategy and means of Chinese maritime security policy, aiming to clarify the factors that influenced this policy to drag its territorial disputes into the gray zone. The article argues that the rivalries between countries in the region fostered by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) operated as an external pressure on China. Furthermore, geopolitical factors and the perception of the Chinese ruling elite have contributed to considering the UNCLOS as a threat to China's maritime interests in the South China Sea. Consequently, the Chinese maritime security policy seeks to shift the status quo in the region to establish China as a hegemonic regional power with its sphere of influence while avoiding an open war with its neighbors and the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of inhaled anesthesia has its origins in the soporiferous sponge. It was in the 19th century with the discovery of nitrous oxide, ether and chloroform that began a new era that redirected the anesthesiology and surgery. In Mexico, inhaled anesthesia with ether and chloroform was introduced in the XIX century during the United States War of Intervention, when doctors from both armies used it for the first time in military surgery and later in the practice of civilian medicine. Scientific publications in our country related to this new knowledge were non-existent and the little written was limited to small inserts in local newspapers. Dr. Ramón Alfaro, member of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico, published in 1852 in the corporation’s journal one of the first scientific articles known in our country related to the practice to anesthesia with chloroform. Dr. Antonio Sánchez Meneses was a distinguished Mexican anesthesiologist and medical historian, who dedicated himself to researching the history of anesthesiology, especially inhaled anesthesia in Mexico. The aim of this paper is to make a brief description of the history of inhaled anesthesia, its main protagonists and its incorporation in Mexico, but especially to honor the memory of doctors Ramón Alfaro and Antonio Sánchez Meneses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Caminho da Caiçara II archaeological site is located in the village of Cadoz Velho, a rural area in the municipality of Piripiri, Piauí, Brazil. It consists of a large vertical wall and a small sandstone block containing 101 rock paintings in red and yellow colors. There are abstract figures and human handprints, as well as a bird's footprint and a spear-thrower. There are rock engravings in the shape of cupules. This paper reports the results of in situ monitoring of environmental parameters such as ambient air temperature and relative humidity, rock temperature in areas with and without rock paintings, as well as the speed of the winds that reach the archaeological site under investigation. The experimental data obtained indicate that the thermal action on the pictorial films of the rock paintings from the Caminho da Caiçara II site is clearly more intense than in other nearby archaeological sites. Direct sunlight on the rock paintings for most of the day and year is the main agent responsible for the high heating of the pictorial films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pedra das Letras archaeological site is located in the Barro village, a rural area in the municipality of Piripiri, Piauí, Brazil. The aim of this paper is to present the first data from the survey of this archaeological site, which has recently been registered at the IPHAN, as well as the main problems affecting its degradation. Pedra das Letras consists of a sandstone block containing a small elevated rock shelter and a side niche with red rock paintings. 58 paintings were found on the rock wall at the back of the shelter, and seven handprints have been identified in the side niche. The most frequent figure in the pictorial panels is the handprint, with 45 representations of this motif having been identified, made using different execution techniques. The remaining figures were attributed to the abstract class, some of them without a clearly defined outline. The main conservation problems include the advanced state of degradation of the sandstone, insect nests (such as termites and wasps), salt efflorescence, wear and tear caused by rainwater, and plants attached to the rock block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to propose new approaches for interpretations and inferences in the archaeological contexts of outdoor sites related to hunter-gatherer groups who occupied the ecosystems of the Brazilian Cerrado neotropical savannas which, due to the scarcity of elements that can corroborate the identification and characterization of a possible sociocultural dynamics around the use of natural resources, have their economic and subsistence models based on ethnographic analogies and correlations. From the perspective of archaeological and ethnoarchaeological studies, we propose the use of analogies, correlations and discussions with contemporary groups, using natural resources of the forests as their main source of food and materials, as a way to reconstruct past dynamics through the application of models in archaeology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the state of research on stone and lead anchors in the Mediterranean during Antiquity, analyzing succinctly the main works [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lajedo do Riacho Braço Forte is an open-air archaeological site located along the rocky bed of the aforementioned stream, in the rural area of Piripiri, northern Piauí, Brazil. The aim of this paper is to present the first data from the survey of the recently found archaeological site and its conservation problems. The practical procedure in the field consisted of (i) obtaining the geographic coordinates of location; (ii) surveying the fixed sharpeners-polishers, mortars or pestles, and cupules, as well as the degradation problems; (iii) panoramic and detailed photographic recording of the archaeological remains and the degradation problems; (iv) prospecting around the site; and (v) monitoring in different expeditions. The new site consists of six points of concentration of ancient human activity marks, such as fixed sharpeners-polishers (identified in the forms of channel or frieze, canoe and polishing basin), mortars or pestles, and cupules, in addition to some lithic remains. In numerical terms, more than 11 mortars or pestles, 6 lithic vestiges, more than 42 fixed sharpeners-polishers, as well as some cupules, were found. The site is used as a recreational area and for washing clothes, and therefore faces intense degradation problems caused by users, especially garbage dumping, in addition to the natural erosive effect and the accumulation of successive generations of microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the work was to review the Latin American literature on Pedagogy and Didactics of accounting sciences. The methodology consisted of The search for the works was carried out electronically, with the use of the Google Academic, Redalyc, Latindex, Dialnet and Tesis en Red application databases. The scoring criteria included relevance, methodological quality of the proposal of research, the experience and position of the authors/holders, the originality, as well as the relevance and scientific rigor. As results, a total of 30 papers were selected. There is a predominance of publications in the Didactic category, with little contribution in Pedagogy. It was found that the articles address theoretical aspects (of national and international interest) related to the teachinglearning process, by questioning the concepts of education, teacher/student relationship, environment, empathy and motivation, among others. In conclusion, future research can contribute to improving pedagogy and didactics in accounting sciences with projects aimed at multiculturalism in businessrelated subjects at the university level, with the development of technological resources capable of being used in the classroom for the individualized or group learning on or off campus, therefore, support materials for class tasks that involve meeting the needs of students are important so that each student has their individual development plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the rights of children in the family, child victims of gender violence have the right to live free of this violence. This article examines the legislative reforms in 2015 and 2021 and judicial praxis of shared custody, contact and communications orders in cases of gender violence in Spain. More specifically, the paper analyses the incompatibility of shared custody, contact and communications orders in cases of gender violence in the framework of these legal reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the ethics of AI and the principles behind it. Prior to the rules governing AI, it is necessary to understand the ethical issues related to the development, implementation and responsible use of AI systems. These ethical foundations are necessary to protect the rights and dignity of individuals, ensure fairness in data access and processing, minimise biases and risks associated with algorithms, promote transferability in automated decisions, and promote trustworthiness in technology, human benefit and social welfare. It is also proposed to study the ethics of AI from an all-encompassing point of view that integrates both applied ethics and metaethics of AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first results of a teaching-learning proposal in relation to how to teach science using an instrument for measuring magnitudes and how female students of the teaching degree learn in a meaningful way. The aim is for future teachers to learn science, about science and how to explain it, by doing and reflecting on what an instrument is based on, its design, construction, and how we apply it to investigate. An inquiry-based scientific and engineering activity is promoted which, through instrumentation, gives importance to argumentation and modelling by applying inquiry processes. The first results are also presented based on the reports and metacognitive reflections made by the students. Some difficulties and strengths of the methodology have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to comment on some of the issues that continue to be debated about design research, such as its methodological rigour and the lack of a theoretical framework.. To show that design research over the last decade has established itself as a form of educational research, highlighting the consensus reached in defining its characteristics and epistemic commitments. I show the similarities with the articles published in this journal. It will also describe the main criticisms of design research and the prospects for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science education experts consider the nature of science (NoS) as a basic topic in scientific literacy of the students. The main purpose of this paper is analyzing what is the science vision offered by five popular textbook publishers. It will be used content analysis through worksheets. After this research, it is concluded that the vision of NoS offered by these textbooks is limited and, in some cases, this vision does not match with the expert’s consensus. Furthermore, it is necessary to check high school programs and the main contents about NoS and including a deep vision of NoS in the science teachers training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies how students justify everyday, scientific, and pseudo-scientific propositions, and whether they recognize the type of justifications they use. For this purpose, we work with 54 students in the 3rd year of compulsory secondary education in the subject of biology and geology, in which two learning activities designed to work on the evaluation of propositions are implemented. The results provide information on the students' preference for using habits and explanations in the evaluation of everyday propositions, and expert testimony and personality traits in the evaluation of scientific and pseudoscientific propositions, as well as the inability to acknowledge explanations and personality traits. These results provide us with useful background for reflecting on how to work on epistemic cognition in the classroom and thus broaden the conceptual frameworks on epistemic cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarises some of the main changes in Northern Irish society since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, both at the electoral level and in religious and national identities, as well as in preferences over constitutional future. The data show an increase in Catholic and more pro-Irish identities but also the rise of a social sector that is not aligned with the two main historical blocs. The literature has linked Irish identity and the Catholic religion to the cause of Irish reunification, so this may have been reflected in an increase in support for it. However, following trends in the analysis of independence in other territories, this article aims to analyse whether socio-economic or public policy-related factors also play a role today. To corroborate this hypothesis, logistic regression models are used to show the main explanatory variables in favour of this territorial option. The results show the pre-eminence of national and political identities, but instrumental factors also appear, such as the position on the Northern Ireland Protocol, especially in the case of the “non-aligned” sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supposedly exclusive powers of the Spanish autonomous communities on housing are strongly conditioned by the concurrent powers of the State. The interpretation of these powers made by the Spanish Constitutional Court has prioritised the objective consideration of housing as a principle over the subjective consideration of housing as a right and its economic dimension over the social one. This paper highlights some paradoxes and perplexities caused by this approach, as well as the opportunity provided by the Right to Housing Act to solve them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tension between the equality of citizens and the autonomy of regions continues to be a topic of debate in decentralised states. In this context, the clauses that allow the central government to interfere in jurisdictions that are not its own in order to achieve certain objectives (equal rights and duties, the essential level of benefits, or uniformity in living conditions) are still unclear elements that can disrupt the system of distribution of powers as a whole. This article analyses this problem in Spain, Italy and Germany, with a special focus on the confusion caused by Article 149.1.1 of the Spanish Constitution (CE in Spanish) in our system: both in relation to its overlap with other jurisdictions and its abuse. Therefore, this paper reviews the use of Article 149.1.1.1 CE, accompanied by the Constitutional Court’s interpretation of it and concludes with some guidelines for its current application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than a hundred years, the study of the parties involved in a crime has been extensively researched, becoming a crucial topic in the field of criminal law. Although there is a considerable amount of research on this issue in the common law and civil law systems, there has been a notable lack of interest in comparative law studies between the two systems. This paper presents a comparative law study between the aforementioned models, offering a parallel and analytical analysis to understand their application and the challenges associated with the implementation of these categories. These categories are increasingly universal in Western criminal thought and policy, which makes this analysis systematic, complex and articulated. The analysis will focus on the German Criminal Code interpreted in the light of the theory of the act dominion and the Model Penal Code, serving as a harmonizing instrument for various criminal codes prevailing in the U.S. The need for comparative studies on U.S. criminal law and the German Criminal Code will be highlighted. With the internationalization of criminal law, comparative studies are becoming indispensable, as it is in this area that the clash of legal cultures occurs. A comparative study between the two models aims to determine the extent to which each system has similarities and differences. This study seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the similarities and differences between the systems of the Model Penal Code (common law) and the German Penal Code (civil law) with the aim of exposing the extent to which they differ and, thus, to improve the application of criminal categories in a context of internationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we aim to explore the interconnection between Children's Literature and contemporary technologies, though not from the perspective of technology as a didactic tool or as a media to produce or reproduce literary texts. Instead, we examine how technology is present in books for children and picture books. This approach is based on the concepts of children's literature, and childhood and technologies. We also present an initial corpus of stories and picture books either about technology or in which technology structures the book or the narrative. Our conclusion is that in some texts the encounter of both worlds produces significant literary experiences. However, there is a literary core that cannot be integrated with technology. This tension is also part of the cultural representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the Spanish International Book Fair (LIBER) is not very popular, and it is redefining its own role within the Spanish publishing field. However, LIBER is still a suitable event for Spanish and Latin America distributors. This work deals with these issues informed by a field work carried out in the fair during the last months of 2017. LIBER'2017 had also Argentina as Guest of Honour, which performance is analysed in detail in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New digital technologies have modified the way scientific knowledge is being communicated. This work intends to evaluate the impact of a socio-digital communication plan implemented for the journal Arqueología (Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires), designed to boost the distribution and outreach of published content in the digital ecosystem. We proposed a method to evaluate the journal's visibility in social networks, website user behavior and the impact of the published content from 2018 to 2022, based on different altmetric and bibliometric indicators. The results of said analysis show that the effects of the pandemic coupled with the implementation of a dissemination strategy increased the journal's visibility in social networks, which in turn produced an increase in the number of views and downloads of its papers. These findings highlight the importance of considering various types of online interaction to better understand the academic impact of scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]