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Introduction: Depression is a common mood disorder, whose recurrence alters its management and prognosis. The aim of the paper is to describe the hospital discharge rate (HED) for recurrent depressive episode (RDE) between 2018-2021 in Chile, according to sex, age and severity. Materials and methods: Observational and cross-sectional study considering hospital discharges due to DRE in the period 2018-2021 in Chile (N=1551). The databases of the Department of Health Statistics and Information and the National Institute of Statistics were used. The variables studied were sex, age group and severity. Ethics committee approval was not required. Results: The lowest HTE was observed in 2020 with 1.91 discharges per 100,000 inhabitants. Females stood out during the entire period with an HTE of 3.68 discharges per 100,000 population. The 15-19 years age group stood out with the highest HTE in both sexes with 5.3 admissions per 100,000 inhabitants. In terms of severity, hospitalizations were concentrated in patients with unspecified diagnosis. Discussion: The COVID 19 pandemic could explain the decrease in HTE in 2020, with a reduction in diagnosis and hospitalization for RDE, presumably due to the bed conversion phenomenon. HTE is higher in the female sex, which is consistent with the literature. The predominance of the 15 to 19 years age group disagrees with the evidence, which indicates that it tends to be concentrated in individuals aged 25 to 64 years. Conclusion: HTE due to DRE was concentrated in young women. It is important to know the local epidemiology in order to focus resources on the timely detection of risk factors to avoid serious episodes and reduce their recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythema multiforme (EM) also known as polymorph erythema is an acute skin disease of immunological nature with or without mucous membrane involvement, which may behave as chronic recurrent. It presents with distinctive targets like skin lesions, often together with ulcers or bullae in mucous membranes (oral, genital or ocular). Among its clinical forms are: a minor form characterized by a mild skin syndrome and its major form that manifests as a skin disease with marked mucosal damage. Among its main differential diagnoses are Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Lyell Syndrome (Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEC)). It has an estimated incidence < 1%, with its major form being slightly more frequent than its minor form (0. 8-6 per million/year). It can occur at any age, presenting a peak incidence at the age between 20 and 30 years, with a slight predominance of males with a 3:2 ratio, without racial predilection. Its presentation in pediatric age is rare, even more so in early childhood. Minor recurrent EM is more common in this population. This paper reports a case of EM in the pediatric population as a rare form of exanthematic presentation, addressed at the Department of Pediatrics of the Complejo Asistencial Victor Rios Ruiz (CAVRR) in the city of Los Angeles, Chile this year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypharmacy is a term that, although there is no official definition, is understood as the concomitant use of five or more medications, regardless of whether they are prescribed by a professional. Regarding this phenomenon, an increase can be observed in recent years both in Chile and on a global level. This present descriptive research draws on an analysis of the National Health Survey (ENS) from 2016-17 and a comparison with the National Survey of Health from 2009-10 and with Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe in order to carry out an objective count on the increase of this phenomenon. When characterizing the most affected groups, this paper shows that in Chile the highest prevalence can be found in the older adult population over 65 years of age, women and people with less than 8 years of schooling. These results reveal the dimension of the issue, and the need for a holistic medical vision to pay particular attention to multiple morbidities since polypharmacy brings with it health risks such as increased adverse reactions and drug interactions, risk of hospitalization, further deterioration of functional status, increase in cognitive alterations and higher monetary costs for the health system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a prion disease, which manifests itself as a rapidly progressive dementia. Within its clinical manifestations may present progressive cognitive impairment and myoclonus, among others. The aim of this paper is to present the familal-type CJD by presenting a clinical case. Case Report: 67-year-old patient with a history of relatives who died of CJD, previously autovalent that consults for a 2 months period characterized by progressive cognitive impairment, time and space disorientation, myoclonus and ideomotor apraxia. In the study carried out during his hospitalization, he was studied with a brain magnetic resonance that describes symmetrical bilateral signal hyperintensity in basal ganglia and paramedian frontal cortex. In addition the electroencephalogram (EEG) showed acute discharges of three-phase morphology. These findings together, with the clinical manifestations and complementary tests allowed to raise a probable familial CJD. Discussion: The diagnostic approach to CJD is mainly clinical, with the GOLD standard being the histopathological study using cerebral biopsy. Among the fundamental studies that support the diagnosis of CJD are the characteristic MRI and EEG. The diagnosis of the familial type of CJD is based on a genetic study of codon 200 and 129. This case exposes a disease of which is not yet fully known which there are still no completely accurate diagnostic methods, except for the biopsy. That is why the clinical aspects are of great relevance to suspect it, representing a challenge for the current doctor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Cardiovascular Risk Factors (CVRFs) are conditions from every individual that can increase the cardiovascular disease risk (CVD). The objective of this paper is to identify the main CVRFs present in a population of admitted patients in the Cardiovascular Health Program (CVHP) from the Family Health Center (FHC) Yanequén in the 2015 and their continuity in the treatment, with the purpose of knowing the local reality and to be able to work on strategies for promoting healthier life styles. Materials and methods: A Descriptive, retrospective and transversal study has been realized through the doctor-patient interview and the CVHP information. The Sample was about 109 adult patients from both sex admitted in the CVHP in the year 2015 until december. The Inclusion Criteria was people from both sex above 15 years old, with the following diseases: high blood pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemia, and above 55 years old smokers. Patients with incomplete information were excluded. Results: 50% of the CVRFs were: sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, dyslipidemia, obesity and high blood pressure. The treatment continuity was positive with more than 50% of patients that attended the CVHP. Discussion: The main CVRFs are the sedentary life style, unhealthy diet, dyslipidemia and obesity, so it is necessary to implement Health promotion based on healthy lifestyles to decrease the risk of CVDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its derivatives, including Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), along others pathologies of neurological origin such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), metabolic polyneuropathies, myasthenia gravis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Lambert-Eaton syndrome, Wernicke's encephalopathy and well as others, have common neurological signs and symptoms. In this way, the importance of a thorough neurological examination, and supporting diagnostic tests such as: laboratory, -cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-electromyography, and imaging, are crucial to clarify the diagnosis. Thus, it is possible to offer early, evidence-based treatment with an aim of reducing the disease's lethality. In the text below we present a subgroup of GBS pathology, MFS, which has a significantly low incidence, a characteristic clinical picture, and a rather ominous prognosis without adequate treatment. In the following text/paper is shown the report of a case approached in San Pablo Hospital, from Coquimbo, Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is usually interpreted as the failure of a person to face adversity, in which there are many other factors involved. That's why its analysis is complex and few studies on the subject exist. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe the profile of suicide victims for the autopsies in the Forensic Medical Service (FMS) of Concepcion during 2010. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a descriptive, retrospective and crosssectional study, with a non-probability sample of 64 consecutive autopsy reports of deaths by suicide, carried out in the FMS of Concepcion in 2010. The following variables were registered: gender, age, occupation, marital status, city of origin, previous attempts, previous letter and/or notice and morbid history. Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel, later generating tables and graphs for segmental analysis. RESULTS: Of all autopsies performed in the FMS of Concepcion in 2010, 7.9% were suicides, of which 89.1% were male and 10.9% women. The average age was 41.35 years, mostly between 20-29 and 50-59 years, 50.8% were single and 33.3% married, 23.4% from Talcahuano and 15.6% from Concepcion, 60.9% had an occupation, 21.9% had warned of their intentions, 6.3% left a letter and 10.9% had previous attempts, 62.5% didn't have a psychiatric history and 64.1% didn't have history of medical illness. DISCUSSION: Compared to national statistics, the proportion by sex is similar, but there aren't works that study suicides in detail and provide information about the other factors studied in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The immune response combines a series of signals and complex mechanisms to occur, which can be modulated and enhanced. This one according the popular knowledge is possible using plant extracts, being one of them the plant extract JV-001. This showed, in previous studies, the ability to activate and enhance the cellular immune response of murine origin, but its effect on human leukocyte level is unknown, so the objective of this work was to study the effect of JV-001 in human leukocytes. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this paper was used heparinized blood of healthy males, at first instance, this was treated with NH4Cl 64% to obtain total leukocytes, and in another, separate the mononuclear fraction by Histopaque® gradient. The cells obtained were adjusted to 8x106; aliquots of 100 µL of JV-001 or PBS. The plate was incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes and then washed, the peroxidase remaining in each recipient was revealed and determined with Orthophenylenediamine and H2O2, expressing the proceeds as absorbance read at 450 nm. RESULTS: The results showed an increase in total leukocyte adhesion between 44.35% and 63.3%, expressed by obtaining a positive delta absorbance with respect to controls. DISCUSSION: The mechanism that increases the adhesion is unknown, but probably due to increased expression of integrins. It is important to note that this increase does not occur upon incubation of mononuclear or polymorphonuclear cells separately, suggesting that the active principle of JV-001 not only does not act directly on adherent cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The immune response combines a series of signals and complex mechanisms to occur, which can be modulated and enhanced. This one according the popular knowledge is possible using plant extracts, being one of them the plant extract JV-001. This showed, in previous studies, the ability to activate and enhance the cellular immune response of murine origin, but its effect on human leukocyte level is unknown, so the objective of this work was to study the effect of JV-001 in human leukocytes. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this paper was used heparinized blood of healthy males, at first instance, this was treated with NH4Cl 64% to obtain total leukocytes, and in another, separate the mononuclear fraction by Histopaque® gradient. The cells obtained were adjusted to 8x106; aliquots of 100 µL of JV-001 or PBS. The plate was incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes and then washed, the peroxidase remaining in each recipient was revealed and determined with Orthophenylenediamine and H2O2, expressing the proceeds as absorbance read at 450 nm. RESULTS: The results showed an increase in total leukocyte adhesion between 44.35% and 63.3%, expressed by obtaining a positive delta absorbance with respect to controls. DISCUSSION: The mechanism that increases the adhesion is unknown, but probably due to increased expression of integrins. It is important to note that this increase does not occur upon incubation of mononuclear or polymorphonuclear cells separately, suggesting that the active principle of JV-001 not only does not act directly on adherent cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is usually interpreted as the failure of a person to face adversity, in which there are many other factors involved. That's why its analysis is complex and few studies on the subject exist. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe the profile of suicide victims for the autopsies in the Forensic Medical Service (FMS) of Concepcion during 2010. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This is a descriptive, retrospective and crosssectional study, with a non-probability sample of 64 consecutive autopsy reports of deaths by suicide, carried out in the FMS of Concepcion in 2010. The following variables were registered: gender, age, occupation, marital status, city of origin, previous attempts, previous letter and/or notice and morbid history. Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel, later generating tables and graphs for segmental analysis. RESULTS: Of all autopsies performed in the FMS of Concepcion in 2010, 7.9% were suicides, of which 89.1% were male and 10.9% women. The average age was 41.35 years, mostly between 20-29 and 50-59 years, 50.8% were single and 33.3% married, 23.4% from Talcahuano and 15.6% from Concepcion, 60.9% had an occupation, 21.9% had warned of their intentions, 6.3% left a letter and 10.9% had previous attempts, 62.5% didn't have a psychiatric history and 64.1% didn't have history of medical illness. DISCUSSION: Compared to national statistics, the proportion by sex is similar, but there aren't works that study suicides in detail and provide information about the other factors studied in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Oxidative stress is important in the genesis of several diseases. Their role in cardiovascular disease is recognized, particularly in ischemia-reperfusion, a phenomenon associated with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in cardiac surgery. Common complication is postoperative atrial fibrillation (FOAP), which has demonstrated participation of oxidative stress, strategies to mitigate what could reduce the occurrence of FOAP. This paper tries to determine the effect of a supplementation scheme to prevent oxidative stress and its consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Eighty patients scheduled for CCEC received placebo (n = 40) or supplementation (n = 40). Inclusion criteria: Age 30-80 years, sinus rhythm. Exclusion criteria: previous cardiosurgery, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, chronic diseases. The supplementation consisting of n-3 (2 g / day), vitamins C (1 g / day) and E (400 IU / day) from 7, 2 and 2 days before surgery, respectively, until discharge. In atrial tissue and blood samples the plasma ferric reducing ability (FRAP), index GSH/GSSG, activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-peroxidase, and malondialdehyde levels were measured. Protein carbonylation was measured in atrial tissue. Parametric variables expressed as mean and standard error were analyzed with student’s t-test, groups were compared using ANOVA-Bonferroni. Significance was p <0.05. RESULTS: The supplementation reduced the incidence of FOAP, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in 73, 21 and 19% (p <0.05), respectively, and increased the FRAP (30%) and activity of antioxidant enzymes (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Antioxidant supplementation decreases FOAP probably avoiding damage by oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Dermatoglyphics are characteristics of the skin at the distal end of the fingers, palms and soles of the feet of some mammals, including humans. They are determined by genetic and environmental factors, being markers of noxa in the prenatal environment. In this way, events that lead to alterations in the central nervous system such as schizophrenia, could be reflected in the dermatoglyphic pattern. METHODS: in order to study this association, this paper analyzed the dermatoglyphic pattern of healthy individuals and then compared it with the pattern found in patients with schizophrenia and a psychiatric disorder other than this one. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: we found no association between the proportions of the figures and the total finger rigde count (TFRC) and the sex of individuals. No relationship was evident between TFRC and suffering from psychiatric disorder. Figures distribute by chance in the different fingers in psychiatric patients, but not in healthy individuals, in these ones the arches are seen mainly in the index finger, loops in little finger and circles are seen mostly in ring finger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrinopathy newborn, and occurs in approximately 1:3163 births. In Chile the newborn screening test is performed by a determination of thyrotropin (TSH) on filter paper. CASE REPORT: Newborn by eutocic delivery of 3180 gr. and 9-10 Apgar at 5 minutes; was admitted to the neonatology unit at six day of life because of jaundice associated with hypoactivity and poor feeding. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia with suspected infectious condition was diagnosed and treated with antibiotics and intensive phototherapy decreasing total bilirubin 28.57 to 14 mg/dl. Although treatment, the patient remains hypoactive and with poor feeding. Screening tests showed a persistent billirubin of 18mg/dl and hematocrit 35.7 %, raising the possibility of a metabolic disease. Test were performed and sent to Santiago for confirmation, and congenital hypothyroidism was confirmed with and elevated serum TSH 762 μIU/ml and low T4 0.53 μg/dl, treatment with levothyroxine 15 μg/kg/day was started. DISCUSSION: Congenital hypothyroidism is a rare disease difficult to diagnose, but easily detected by neonatal screening of TSH measurement. In Chile the strategy of taking this exam at specific times according newborn categorization, facilitates the prevention of complications. However, when the screening is delayed, we can only suspect this pathological entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]