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In Andean Spanish varieties in contact with Quechua and Aymara indirect evidential and mirative values are documented for the pluperfect. Furthermore, the perfecto compuesto (=English Present Perfect) usually adopts a purely aoristive value, i. e. ha venido (lit. (s)he has come) 'he came', but additionally expressing direct evidence. This paper aims at tackling the evidential values of haber + participle as derived from the interrelation between temporal units, an idea previously adopted in the study of other languages. Namely, it is proposed here that the nature of the evidence derives from the interaction between the event time and an 'evidence time', in which the speaker has evidence available to assert p, so that the overlap between both times indicates direct evidence and the lack of overlapping indirect evidence. This allows to explain, in addition, the apparent contradiction posed by certain uses of the pluperfect where the evidence is direct, e. g. habías sido vos, lit. 'it had been you' [while seeing the hearer]: there the overlap is partial, so that there is indirect evidence of the initial subinterval and direct evidence of the final subinterval. Adding speech time (or some equivalent evaluation time) to this schema additionally allows to account for the mirative values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research about the Chilean military dictatorship has been heavily focused on two areas. On the one hand, repression and physical violence; and on the other hand, the events occurred in the capital city of Santiago. This has meant that issues such as the analysis of the hegemonic process of the dictatorship outside the capital are still on the preliminary phase and at a lesser extent in comparison to the investigations focused on Santiago. In the light of the foregoing, this article is to consider the hegemonic process driven by the regime of Augusto Pinochet in a regional space as the 'Greater Concepción', in Chile. Specifically, the paper will address some measures imposed by the dictatorship on its early days, with an emphasis in the study of the persuasive and disciplinary role played by the Mother's Centers, better known as CEMA Chile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a part of a research on the origins of anti-peronism in Argentina, this paper focuses on the position of the Democratic Union on aguinaldo (annual complementary salary), which was established two months before the 1946 elections. In the campaign, the Democratic Union tried to dispute peronist claim of "social justice" under the concept of democracy and anti-fascism, but the annoucement made by the military government left the anti-peronist coalition in an uncomfortable place between indifference and rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the innovation promotion programs carried by the National Research and Innovation Agency (ANII). A combination of non-experimental methods was used to quantify the effects of public support to innovation in three dimensions o f the firms' behavior: innovation investment, innovation results and economic peiformance. The results show evidence o f crowding-in of public support to innovation. Also, beneficiaries of the programs show larger probability o f successfully introducing new products and processes. We do not find impact in the economic peiformance indicators o f the firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chilean contemporary poetry is marked in an explicit as well as in an implicit way by the Chilean dictatorship experience. A strict analysis of postdictatorship works will reveal scars of this period (1973 - 1990), even in apparently less political aspects, such as, the representations of space. Many authors have developed some of the most interesting reflections about Chilean political and cultural history over the last four decades, provoking a tension in their work of some of their most unshakable assumptions. In other words, the nation state, the neo liberal economic model, national, ethnic and gender identities and the national space. This paper will show how the contemporary space implies a challenge that demands a critical opening towards experimenting with artistic and political forms. For example, Andrés Anwandter poetry sheds light on the spatial experience in a complex way and with a high aestethic and intellectual performance, elaborating representations of an heterogenous city, as a stage of an unfair and half-done modernization, with a landscape that still preserves scars of political violence, economic model transformations and the ambigous border between public and private space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the different types of irony present in El món d'Horaci (2016 [1995]), Vicenç Pagès Jordà's first novel. These include meta-fictional reflections by narrators and characters and verbal ironies. The analysis shows the diversity of ironies present in El món d'Horaci, the basis of the reflection and the exploration of irony in the subsequent production of the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the importance of Ricardo Piglia's work, especially in Los diarios de Emilio Renzi (2015 and 2016), his intellectual activity both in literary journals and in the publishing company Tiempo contemporáneo in the 1960s, a time of great revolutionary fervour, marked by the union of aesthetics and politics advocated by a Nueva Izquierda. The article focuses on the analysis of the magazine Literatura y sociedad (1965) and his work as editor of Tiempo Contemporáneo (1966-1968), while developing a cross reading with his journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a critical approach about the place of the Indians in the Mesoamerican Conquest and colonization. To this purpose, we will use the notion of "Indian Conquistadors" to analyze and interpret Diego Muñoz Camargo's Descripción de la ciudad y provincia de Tlaxcala (1584). We will follow four interconnected approaches. The first proposes a theoretical and methodological background about the notion of Indian Conquistadors. The second refers to the Descripción's context of production and its contents. The third uses the notion of Indian conquistadors to reveal some specific aspects within the written text of the Descripción and in a selection of its well-known images. Finally, the fourth reconsiders the purpose of Muñoz Camargo's hitorical-literary narration about the tlaxcalans' collaboration as conquerers in Mesoamerica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The national housing budget is determined by many variables in addition to that of housing deficit. Electoral competition is one of these variables and thus becomes a key aspect to study in order to understand one of the driving forces behind housing investment. Through quantitative-descriptive methods and correlational analysis, this paper uses secondary information to examine the Chilean public budget and the results of presidential elections over the 1990-2015 period. The results suggest that each administration modified the housing budget during electoral periods, a situation that grew in intensity when there was greater opposition. In addition, it is possible to observe that the ruling parties demonstrated their economic power through "costly gestures" with major investments and the provision of housing subsidies to validate their capacity. However at the same time, like in a "repetitive game" voters observed that these efforts were only made during electoral years, thus being interpreted as electoral populism instead of a demonstration of efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metropolitan restructuring processes are often followed by issues such as involuntary resettlement. Even though it is hoped that such projects will compare with or improve preexisting living conditions, they instead intensified vulnerability. This paper is focused on the resettlement caused by the "Línea Amarilla" transport megaproject carried out in Lima-Peru, specifically around the "Patio Unión" housing complex. Both present and retrospective information were processed by using quantitative and qualitative methods in order to measure variations in housing and household conditions. These variations were related with the mechanisms and decisions that led the process. We found that affected populations chose to move to Patio Unión in order to stay close to their neighborhoods and maintain their economic subsistence networks. Nevertheless, the latter happened at the cost of losing conditions of habitability, broke apart extended families, undermining the social tissue and losing the investment and productive values of dwellings. The study concludes that the scope of resettlement and compensation mechanisms should expand in order to capture the complexity of housing as a fundamental asset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the mechanisms for residential access to deteriorated buildings in the historic central area of Lima, disputes over land use and evictions as a way of appropriating property. Based on qualitative information from field work in the center of Lima, it is suggested that Barrios Altos has been turning into a precarious urban area since the mid-twentieth century. This precarity is expressed mainly in property issues, residential strategies, and tenure. In this context evictions configure the strategies and actions of residents who live in the middle of the principal tensions in the area: the for an expansion of urban centralities for trade and services. This topic has the peculiarity of being disregarded by urban research; therefore, the aim is providing a critical point of view in the study of central historical areas and contributing to a better understanding of residential reproduction in working class sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the iron industry in Chile, which has played a key role in the modernization of the country, has historically been associated with the emergence of housing settlements for workers, thus generating different housing-industry and dwellersupervisor relationships. By the mid-20th century, the consolidation of the inter-municipality of Concepción as an industrial center and the contribution made by Compañía de Acero del Pacífico -CAP- gave rise to important housing developments. This paper explores the spatial aspects of these relationships and their urban contribution. These projects saw the emergence of new architectural typologies that expanded beyond the historical city, generating new neighborhood units that altered the public space and incorporating green areas to create a spatial link between these areas. This research identifies four typologies: adaptation within the traditional city, the first functional city implemented in Chile (CIAM), neighborhood units and segregated housing developments. It is observed that factors such as paternalism, cooperativism and social mobility are influenced by control, power and identity. These aspects, based on rationalist principles, although appropriated at the neighborhood scale, gave shape to the inter-municipality of Concepción up until the 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In PRECAVES XXI context, this paper we report the results of a research on the perceptions of young Chilean university students, both to different Spanish and to their own variety. The aim of this study is to analyze the linguistic attitudes of 100 of these subjects, in terms of which varieties they consider to be better and more prestigious and what perceptions they have of their own variety of Spanish, attending to direct evaluations (cognitive and affective) and indirect. A survey was conducted combining direct and indirect methods of data collection using the matches guise technique. The main findings of this study indicate that, for most of the subjects in the sample, there is not one variety of Spanish better than another, and among those who prefer one, the Andean and Chilean varieties have more prestige. Likewise, there are direct and indirect attitudes very positive towards the Chilean variety. Finally, in general, informants value positively and negatively phonetic aspects of other varieties of Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the initial results concerning the beliefs and attitudes of Sevillian university students towards the normative varieties of Spanish, mainly towards their own variety. The design methodology that we followed is based on the PRECAVES XXI Project. All subjects completed graduate or postgraduate studies related to the field of linguistics or Spanish language. Specifically, two groups were contrasted: students without specialized knowledge about the geolectal and social varieties of Spanish and those who have acquired it in their academic career. The data obtained help us to know which variety is considered most prestigious and how the participants judge their own accent and other dialects of the Hispanic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the first results on the PRECAVES XXI project on linguistic attitudes in Medellín, Colombia. In this phase of the project the interview was carried out with two groups of undergraduate students from the first and last semesters of University of Antioquia's Hispanic Philology and Teaching of Spanish Programs. The results are focused on three main topics: the most prestigious variety, the perception of their own variety, and the identification and valuation of other Spanish varieties. This analysis concluded that, for this population from Antioquia, the Colombian way of speaking is the most prestigious, and specifically, the diatopic variety; they value and recognize their own speech from cognitive aspects, considering it as urban and clear, which shows a positive attitude, linguistic pride and sense of belonging towards their variety, as a result of local identity. Finally, the survival of a normative linguistic tradition and a limited general knowledge of Hispanic diversity were evinced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the Argentine National Law No. 26.782, which includes free surgery for breast reconstruction of women who underwent mastectomy after a diagnosis of breast cancer, implying coverage by the public health system. The Law, approved in pursuit of "recovering body harmony" or "restoring emotional well-being", calls for an analysis of the assumptions that justify and sustain its sanction. We pay particular attention to rethink the place of the body, from its active role in the surrounding social life, materialized in the case analyzed. We reflect in this field on the normative matrices for the production of gendered corporalities. We support in this direction, the paradoxical role of the State, which on the one hand guarantees rights in access to certain surgeries and simultaneously produces corporalities regulated in relation to certain hegemonic ideals of femininity, of the healthy and the pathological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Family-based farmers of Greater La Plata and Berazategui (Buenos Aires, Argentina) are conditioned by their position as leaseholders of land by which they live and work and by their fragile economicproductive situation. Low-cost dwellings with low habitability standards and poor insulating properties are observed. This paper proposes the exploration of alternative insulating materials through the reuse of resources. These materials may contribute to the improvement of both existent (recycling) and new dwellings. Such an exercise involved the measurement of the thermal transmittance of materials through hot box methods. Different analyses of the most representative materials were conducted during 2014; these elements were divided into four categories: natural fiber, plastic, paper and soil. Interviews and consultations were conducted in order to elaborate quantitative analyses that were contrasted with the opinion of potential users and the viewpoint of technicians involved in this social segment. Results show that corrugated cardboard and recycled polyethylene have good insulating properties, are affordable or obtained for free and reduce the amount of existing waste; likewise, users consider the use of these materials a possible solution if they solve sealing, humidity and condensation issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the role of the State in the production and reproduction of residential habitat through the implementation of housing policies. Background studies are reviewed that account for the relationship between social housing, location and its effects on the spread of urban growth and residential segregation. Subsequently, this research analyzes the evolution of residential segregation in Córdoba over the 1991-2008 period and discusses the impact of social housing programs on the dynamics of such a phenomenon. In other words this paper studies the effects of recent State programs implemented in Cordoba over the last decades which, while providing goods (dwellings), their location in peri-urban areas has prevented inhabitants from accessing the advantages of centrality (provision of goods and services) and interacting with a diverse and varied environment. Finally, this research offers some reflections on the analysis and provides considerations that should be taken into account in the formulation of future social housing projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the importance of the social, cultural and territorial particularities that should be included in the social intervention agenda of the Habitability Program —a program overseen by the Ministry of Social Development. The inclusion of these dimensions is intended to contribute methodological differentiation and so improving the impact and sustainability of this Program and the quality of life of target families. Thus the question arises: What aspects of social, cultural and territorial variables should be included in the social component of the Habitability Program in order to strengthen the impact and sustainability of its intervention measures? Through a methodological qualitative strategy, an action-oriented research design and semi-structured interviews this exploratory paper provides a comparative analysis of three communes: Temuco, Arica and Camarones. The main findings of this research reveal the need to generate interventions consistent with contextual complexities, the importance of the environment as a variable and suggest the implementation of innovative practices when it comes to addressing cultural and territorial differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a reading of Artificial respiration (1980) by Ricardo Piglia as an artist novel, according to Herbert Marcuse's definition, validated for Latin American artist novels written at the end of the nineteenth century. The most influential critical studies have focused on that period. In this paper, the representation of the writer in Artificial respiration is compared with its corresponding representation at the end of the nineteenth century. This comparison allows us to highlight, on the one hand, the survival of the artist's novel as an answer to the purpose of the literature after the end of the utopias. And on the other hand, the literary change carried out by Piglia: his reformulation of the character of the writer and also of the artist novel by employing narrative methods coming from the detective subgenre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes a series of social housing projects implemented by the Land Loans Institute (ICT) in Bogota between 1964 and1973. During this time, a group of architects at the Design Department of this entity challenged the actions taken by the ICT and searched for solutions in areas such as urban planning, the relationship between housing and public space, constructive systems and the flexibility of housing. This paper is based on unpublished maps and interviews with architects involved at the ICT during the reference period. The research concludes thatthe analyzed projects were conducted within the context of a rise in continuous research and reflective process that contributed to the development of social housing in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a methodological approach to identify the residential habitat of inhabitants according to their culture; in this case that of the Mapuche people. To this end, a sample of a few families settled in Chomio, located in the Commune of Padre Las Casas, 10km southeast of Temuco were selected. The study used human science concepts of culture having determined that local architecture employs obsolete concepts. Such an approach allowed us to identify the different realities of the Mapuche people, described throughout this paper: High level of emotional cohesion among members of Mapuche families. A rigid huinca influence on the worldview of the Mapuche people. The Spanish Crown recognized the Mapuche people as an “Independent Nation" by Royal Decree issued by King Philip IV in 1643. However, 249 years later the newly independent Chile destroyed the socio-cultural organization of the Mapuche Nation. History has not revealed the real reasons underlying the implementation of the plan known to this day as “the pacification of Araucania". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This locally-tailored research focuses on sustainable housing in San Luis, Potosí, Mexico and includes verticality to increase urban density, flexibility to adapt to demographic changes and climate change resilience through the assessment of bio-climatic design strategies into a single prototype. This prototype was also useful to compare the thermal comfort performance of hollow concrete blocks and fired bricks; such a measure was made via DesignBuilder. This paper shows that a locally-tailored bio-climatic design may enable the production of sustainable housing resilient to climate change in San Luis, Potosí. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to identify the meanings given to the capacities and vulnerabilities of two emergency neighbor brigades based in Arica, Chile, in the event of the risk of seismic activity. This research uses a case study based on two sample selection levels: communal scale and participants. The data are produced through the intra-method triangulation of six techniques using the grounded theory model as an analytical coding strategy; such an exercise focuses on three areas: a) physical/material; b) social/organizational; and c) motivational/attitudinal. The results show organizational and motivational capacities and physical-material vulnerabilities during preparation, emergency and response stages. The conclusions highlight the importance of strengthening the development of local community-based capacities for risk management and resilience purposes, which should be accompanied by structural and institutional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide an alternative contribution through the construction of infrastructure for the common good as an opportunity to improve collective spaces that could be included in post-earthquake reconstruction plans for urban environments. This research is based on the project entitled "Post-27F Earthquake and Tsunami in Southern Chile: Urban Regeneration", conducted in Constitución and Llico over the period 2013 to 2015. This study analyzes the key elements found in the spontaneous spatial appropriation processes that took place in emergency settlements and explores the special nature and mobility characteristics of this phenomenon. These elements are compared with new buildings in order to identify spatial-based strategies that may contribute to the improvement of neighborhoods and the construction of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the current concern about the inequalities in the settlement process of migrants in cities, this paper uses a quantitative methodological approach that addresses the characteristics of their dwellings and types of habitat or urban environments to analyze the socio-housing conditions of those coming from neighboring countries and Peru who are currently living in the city of Buenos Aires. To this end, this research uses data released by the 2010 National Population and Housing Census, develops statistical indicators that take account of relevant issues and implements a typological model that classifies the spatial units that make up the city into different types of habitat according to construction periods and the production of housing spaces. It is observed that an important number of regional migrants in Buenos Aires are affected by housing deficit and/or should resort to informal means of land access, thus revealing an urban structure that segregates certain social groups and a process marked by the violation of the rights of a large segment of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to urban theory, commerce and public spaces are historically related to each other. Based on this premise, this paper analyzes a market, a shopping center and a mall. The goal of this research is to identify the key factors that turn these shopping precincts into public spaces and contribute to the public sphere in Santiago, Chile, at least within the context of the limitations associated with their private nature. To date, these three typologies have been the focus of intense debate. However, there are few studies of the public life that takes place in these spaces, especially when considering that they coexist simultaneously in the city, claiming a space within it. This research describes the physical-spatial and administrative characteristics of these three cases in order to contribute to the strengthening of public policies in urban design. Likewise, commerce is studied in relation to accessibility patterns at metropolitan level and the types of markets that aim to attract different users and promote the public nature of these spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes alienation as a consequence of exile in the plays Canción de cuna para un anarquista (2003), by Jorge Díaz, and El olvido está lleno de memoria (2002), by Jerónimo López Mozo. Under the idea of a real and symbolic return in the post-dictatorship societies of the Southern Cone and Spain, the confrontation with reality generates a new trauma, which reveals an alternative discourse that alters a pre-established social order. The idea of exile, based on Edward Said's formulations in Reflections on Exile and Other Essays (2000), not only means the separation of something, but also results in the loss of that something forever. To speak of exile, (auto) exile or the exiled subject does not mean to restore the condition of loss, but rather, it faces a reality imposed to oblivion. The exile in these plays creates "borders" and "barriers" that become in a type of imprisonment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eduardo Milán's oeuvre is characterized by constant recourse to symbolic and allegorical strategies -as charged with a specifically metonymical function- to the detriment of other traditional rhetorical devices, such as those related to metaphor. These strategies, which the author considers as especially relevant for their scope and creative possibilities, clearly show his authorial stance towards language. Therefore, it is the instability of language, which does not allow the univocal determination of meanings and referents, which can be devised as a crucial aspect in the analysis of Milán's poetry. Consequently, this paper focuses on an early stage of his poetry (1990-1994), in which the author uses the fragment as the basic unit for his creative processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with Nikos Kazantzakis's and Lawrence Durrell's fiction with regard their narration of women protagonists. The author posits that a comparative approach to these writters both with regard to their biographies and their novels can change our stereotypes concerning gender identity and the role of women in both author's work and life showing unexpected parallels between their women characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pausanias was an enigmatic Greek aristocrat from the Lydian area of Magnesia ad Sypilum, in Roman Asia Minor. In mid 2nd century AD he travelled through Greece and published, maybe between 155 and 175 AD, a Periegesis in which he sought to construct an image of the past in order to shape a Greek identity in the present. The aim of this paper is to show in some digressions the disagreements between Pausanias and his "local" sources, possibly "oral". Especially, the discussion will take into account the specific vision of the periegete on Corinth and the cult to Deima. It will allow to understand the periegete's vision on Roman Corinth and the "Greekness" of its contemporary inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to take a position on the attribution of Sophocles' Electra 1050-1051 to the fragmentary play Phaedra, taking into consideration the theatrical presence and function of the verb ἄπειμι in ancient Greek tragedy. Thus, we will claim that there are convincing -though not sufficient-reasons to attribute lines 1050-1057 to Electra and not to Phaedra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I study the sociolinguistic representations in press articles, conferences and discourses of the Uruguayan writer Juan Zorrilla de San Martín (1855-1931), a prominent intellectual of the generation of 80 in Uruguay and cultural referent of the nationality, written in the State construction period in the late Nineteenth century. In his speeches he was concerned to create a national character that would differentiate Uruguay from Spain and the rest of the Spanish-American countries, but without losing the ties and the Hispanic identity. In particular I study two nationalist representations that appear in their speeches with the denominations Hispanic nation and Atlantic subtropical nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper analyzes the words of Mapuche language used in the Histórica Relación del Reino de Chile (1646), a work of the Chilean Alonso de Ovalle. We focus our attention on the survival of these words in current Spanish. For this purpose three lexicographic works published in the last eight years have been consulted: the Diccionario de americanismos (2010), the Spanish Diccionario usual del español de Chile (2010) and the Diccionario de la Lengua Española (2014). Although Ovalle employs other Indo-Americanisms, an aspect that we also deal with, most are words of Mapuche and Quechua. This study aims to contribute to alleviate a gap present in linguistic research on the Ovalle's chronicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely accepted that in oral exchanges with, for example, family members, friends, and co-workers, speakers of Chilean Spanish alternate between verbal tuteo and verbal voseo. In this paper, drawing on a corpus of conversational interactions between relatives and friends from Santiago, I examine the relative frequency with which these speakers use verbal voseo in relation to verbal tuteo, and I explore the social and linguistic factors that determine the variation, paying particular attention to the parameters that affect the use of verbal voseo. In addition, I compare the distributions observed here with those observed in previous studies that base their analyses on corpora that contain less natural communicative contexts. The results indicate that, in spontaneous conversational interactions, the speakers use verbal voseo with a frequency much greater than the frequency with which they use verbal tuteo as well as the frequencies observed in previous studies. This, and the fact that verbal voseo is conditioned by an interaction between the gender and the age of the speakers, as well as by the specificity of their interlocutors, shows that speakers of Chilean Spanish born in Santiago assign covert prestige to verbal voseo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to offer a lexicological and semantic study of Mexican prison slang during the Porfirian era as it is appreciated in the "Prison Slang Vocabulary" that is included in the costume novel La Chaquira (Belén por dentro), by Francisco García González, published in instalments in a Mexican newspaper El Relámpago during 1894 and 1895. Attention will be paid to its structure (patrimonial vocabulary, Nahuatlisms, Anglicisms, etc.) and to principal word formation processes that can be found there. Another aim of study will comprehend its comparison with other Hispanic prison slangs, mainly the Spanish one, from the historical point of view. This historically focused comparison and analysis will show directions of evolution that would allow us to interpret this jargon as properly Mexican. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the concept of 'critical thinking' formulated by the Thinkers of the Critical Thinking Movement contains a gap that greatly undermines its enterprise: the movement asserts that a critical thinker develops a direct and transparent selfknowledge, which would imply quasi-infallibility. In the history of philosophy some thinkers have defended this possibility of direct and infallible self-knowledge, for example René Descartes and more recently Donald Davidson. However, such knowledge seems to have some more or less clear limits that are not taken into account by the thinkers of the MPC to formulate their notion of critical thinking and by this their philosophical and pedagogical project may be unfounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper problematizes biopolitics discussion in the context of contemporary political philosophy: Arendt, Foucault, Agamben, Esposito and Derrida. The first two are crosslinked because they put us in the "threshold" or "birth of biopolitics", the following two because they provide the negative and affirmative dimensions thereof. While the latter indicates the character of undecidability field explored. The route I follow is, first, to expose how it is argumentatively placed each of the authors cited around the expression: "man is a political animal". Secondly, I raise the importance of going beyond an affirmative and negative biopolitics, once I check the reviews of Italian Foucault and Arendt. Thirdly, we establish the differences between, on the one hand, the Italians in their ontologizador and simplistic approach of biopolitics and, second, Arendt and Foucault as singular historical event. Fourth, I explain in "political friendship "the alternatives proposed by these authors on the problem of managing life or biopolitics. Finally, and fifthly, I outline a reading of biopolitics as phármakon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we draw a proposal to develop a logic of fictions in the game-theoretical approach of dialogical pragmatism. From one of the main criticisms that point to classical logic: the structural schizophrenia of its semantics (Lambert, 2004: 142-143; 160), we review the ontological commitments of the two main traditions of logic (Aristotle and Frege) to highlight their limits concerning the analysis of fictional discourse, and the overcoming from a pragmatic game perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acording to standard approaches (Sextus, Diogenes, Galeno, B.Mates, Long y Sedley, Bochenski, Lukasiewicz), the Stoic logic is actually a deduction system, a propositional system of logic in today perspective. The work of Chrysippus about the five indemonstrable arguments is the principal basis of this system. In this paper I examine the nature of indemonstrable arguments, the Antipater's theorem and the basic schemas of inference, or zemas. On the other hand, in particular I hold that the indemonstrable arguments have another important role for philosophy and history of logic; this role is the justification of deduction, a central problem at present. I analize, first, the indemonstrable and conditional justification of deduction and second, the cognitive justification of logic implied in stoic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the answer of the Italian Theory, from Roberto Esposito, to the political degeneration proposed in the critical authors of modernity, understood as a way out from politics and as a technification. We'll provide a clarification of these critical thoughts and the proposal of Esposito: an identity between technology and politics. With an hermeneutic-analytical paper, we will clarify what is technology in those authors and in Esposito's thought. This contemporary endeavor allows to claim a technical conception of political reality, and constitutes a new access to the question about humankind through technology, from a pure political activity point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of the highly professionalized standards of the academy, with its rankings and scientific productivity, humanities subsist. A possible explanationof this phenomenonis that, according to Social Ontology, desire-independent reasons for action are the key in contexts of education, and of humanities. In this paper, I examine how the market forces, which favor individualism and competition, creates tension between desires and obligations. As I argue here, in market contextsactions that satisfy desires are more valued than the theorization about collective intentionality and its product: the human civilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the theoretical and practical implications of an academic writingteaching innitiative which emphasizes the role of the teacher and peer tutor as active observers of the different discursive forms of their disciplines, based on the analysis of their own literacy practices, through the identification of the functions and prototypical structures of academic texts in use and their role in the construction of knowledge. Since 2014, the program has promoted the implementation of this model, through tutorial support to students and pedagogical support to teachers to promote these skills across the curriculum, with the purpose not only of developing verbal skills, but also epistemological and heuristics that allow all actors to validate and consolidate their discursive and disciplinary knowledge based on the reflection on their literacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper elaborates on the theoretical principles that have oriented the design of reading and writing programs and on the strategies that have been followed in their implementation. It aims to offer generalizations that can be useful to different institutional and geographical contexts. Different relevant issues are theoretically discussed: Literacy programs' teaching objects; appropriate methodologies for effective learning and teachers' role in this process; professional teams to whom assign this responsibility; and, consequently, the institutional place of a program of this kind. Additionally, the fundamental strategies that contribute to the implementation of these programs are explored, specially taking into account the need to sustain in time these initiatives across the different degrees in the universities and higher educational institutions where they would be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an analysis of the books El cántaro fresco (1920) by Juana de Ibarbourou and Luz y sombra (1903) by Ana Roqué, considering the cultural field (Bourdieu 1994; 2002) in which these works and authors are registered. Given women's writing exclusion of the public space, especially during the first half of the twentieth century in Latin America and the Caribbean, the proposal of this paper is to revise the strategies that both authors use to construct their discourses that incorporate counter-hegemonic expressions. In this way, it is established that the thematization of childhood and adolescence is a strategy to incorporate subversive discourses, using the codes that legitimize the participation in the literary field and, at the same time, enabling its transformation without destroying them completely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in Argentinean right wing-nationalist political discourse of the sixties can only be explained in relation to the international Cold War-context. Thus, some fundamental concepts of Argentine nationalist political tradition were altered by the ups and downs of the international agenda. Because of this, this paper intends to trace the transformations of the nationalist political program, starting with the discursive mutations of the ideas of "Hispanism" and "Revolution". Hence, this renewed revolutionary program -even when related to inherited ideological elements of previous nationalist generations- was reinterpreted in light of new Cold War-meanings of the concept of Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss the management of monetary policy of the Latin American central banks that have fully established inflation targeting. An optimal monetary rule is estimated for these economies using the Generalized Method of Moments. This analysis allows us to conclude that these central banks have taken into account the economic growth, in addition to price stability. However, only Chile has taken into account the evolution of the exchange rate. Furthermore, Chile, Brazil and Peru have followed an asymmetric behavior, while Colombia and Mexico have adopted a linear monetary policy rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks for empirical evidence to show if a very interventionist government stimulates or not private investment in Latin America. Using the same model as Caballew-Urdiales y López-Gallardo (2012), we extend their analysis from five Latin-American countries to all Latin America. The results from our estimated elasticities show evidence in support of three hypothesis: (1) that tax burden (taxes on income and consumption) has significant effects on privateinvestment; (2) that public investment has a crowding out effect with private investment; (3) and that in order to stimulate private investment, the government should have very little intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Talcing as a reference a simple oligopoly model with differentiated products, in which there are three firms, the purpose of this paper is to complement the existing literature on mergers by proving that the traditional merger paradox can be avoided by assuming that, after the merger, the merging firms increase the existing bilateral product differentiation. In this context, it is proved that a merger could be welfare enhancing by increasing both consumers surplus and merging and non merging firms profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper explores the recent Chilean narrative which recalls childhood during the dictatorship, the so-called "literatura de los hijos" (literature of sons and daughters), establishing an aesthetic and discoursive link between shared memory and the development imaginaries of those who were children during the dictatorial past and that are writers in the post-dictatorial present. The affective continuity of a conflict, between a present state of memory and a past of childhood learning, still incomplete or with potential for understanding, explains the perspective chosen of sons and daughters of the narrators in some of thefictional works by Nona Fernández (1971), Alvaro Bisama (1975), and Alejandro Zambra (1975). In the three imaginary constructions explored in the following pages, the aim of these authors is described, in terms of their intention to articulate, withinfiction, childhood imaginarles that establish and explain their current social, intellectual, and affective positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]