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The objective of this paper is to draw a balance sheet of different approaches to the interpretation of Roman expansion to the East between 200 and 30 B.C. It was done mainly through wars against Macedon, Syria and Egypt. In order to accomplish this a short analysis is made of three ways of explaining this: that of Arthur Eckstein, called realist, that of Paul Burton, constructivist, and that of William Harris, who emphazises Rome's agresiveness, unmatched in those times. The conclusion is that, although not all of them are pro-Roman, they are made with an American perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from the SAHWA Youth Survey 2016 (2017), this paper presents a study of the degree and types of political and religious participation - as well as the links that connect one to the other - among the youth of five Arab Mediterranean countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt and Lebanon). In politics, four types of participation are distinguished: official, everyday, community and protest. Between 5% and 17% of those surveyed could be considered hyperactivists, in that they participate in three or four of these types; in around a third, there was no participation at all. On the other hand, the majority of the young people considered themselves to be highly religious and, in three of the countries, a third attended the mosque at least three times a week. But the levels of religiosity did not influence political participation, as even the majority of the highly religious supported separating politics from religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1937 and 1938, architects Gio Ponti and Bernard Rudofsky agreed in Journal Domus on a partnership that would go beyond the limits of the paper, into the realm of theory and architectural project. Though finally they were not built, the architectural designs they performed are of great interest for its research and involving traditional Mediterranean house and also for its update from their previous experiences. Its publication in Domus required new and diverse graphical resources, which by its originality, we consider pertinent to recall in this article as they explore different ways of representing architecture, extremely explicit and very adapted to the general public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the agro-environmental problem caused by soil erosion in southern Spain's olive groves, seen as a phenomenon deriving from economic development. It therefore reviews European regulations on environmental impact in the agrarian sector as a consequence of macroeconomic policies favoring intensive production. It also reviews the scientific literature on the economic dimension of agrarian innovations relating to the adoption of soil conservation practices. Then, an empirical study of the economic productivity of a sample of 582 olive grove lots in the Andalusian provinces of Granada and Jaén in 2004, selected for their medium and high levels of soil erosion, is conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]