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On the industrial psychology framework, investigating human behavior in the organizational context dates from the 19th century. However, evaluations of individual and social behaviors trace back to the quotes of ancient philosophers, so considering and sensemaking the human behavior dates from the ancient age. Understanding the importance of human behavior in management of organizations as well as society, many different theories and approaches were developed in order to explain human behavior in the literature over the decades. The theories and approaches purposed specific models, and then some subsequent researches confirmed to previous models, but a number of other researches developed new models distinct from the formers. In order to illuminate the confusion of behavioral theories, approaches and models, we aimed to explore whether these theories, approaches and models could be gathered in different perspective in this study paper. Thus we developed a model to indicate the construction of behavior in three phases. In the first phase, 12 main behavioral theories, approaches and models evaluated human behavior on the different frameworks were examined from a unique/distinct points of view. Then present researchers identified the needs to develop a new classification for human behavior as individual, social and normative. In the second phase, other 26 behavioral theories, approaches and models in the literature were investigated in terms of individual, social as well as normative perspectives of behavior exhibited by human, and these behaviors were conceptualized. On that point, the main motivation of this study is to develop a model explaining the human behaviors which were classified into three groups mentioned. Accordingly, in the last phase of our study, Individual, Social and Normative (PSN) Behavioral Model which explains the three perspectives of the human behavior has been purposed on the basis of the theories as well as approaches in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every branch of science which deals with man - from literature to psychology - studies disasters experienced by societies. Great Patriotic War was one of such disasters and it left its mark on the 20th century Soviet-period Russian literature. War reflected in literature with all its aspects and the literary works of writers and poets of the war period were enhanced by the manifestation of the human soul. One of the prose writers of the 20th century was Yuri Bondarev who emphasized the destructive side of war in his works by portraying the physical, social and mental deterioration of man during the war. In one of his works - the novel The Hot Snow - the author shows the human nature tested under hard conditions of war and gives the account of the people's struggle for their motherland and freedom as they fought against the enemy with limited resources. This paper presents an effort to study the novel The Hot Snow by war-period prose writer Yu. Bondarev from philological and psychological perspectives. The psychological trials experienced by each character in a different way, the moral and mental changes in the person caused by war were studied in the paper under different titles. The goal of this paper is to provide a pattern of the use of psychology in the analysis of pieces of literature and to support the research in the area of psychology of literature. As a result this paper - besides demonstrating the meaninglessness of war once again - will be important for revealing the psychological sources of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]