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Healthcare systems are evolving towards a complex network of interconnected services due to the increasing costs and the increasing expectations for high service levels. It is evidenced in the literature the importance of implementing management techniques and sophisticated methods to improve the efficiency of healthcare systems, especially in emerging economies. This paper proposes an integrated collaboration model between two public hospitals to reach the reduction of weighted average lead time in outpatient internal medicine department. A strategic framework based on value stream mapping and collaborative practices has been developed in real case study settled in Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study the consumption pattern, expectations and satisfaction of the population of Medellin with Tetra Pak packages, the treatment given to them now when they are discarded and the conduct to be followed, knowing that the Tetra Pak is recyclable, then the process to recover partially debris from Tetra Pak is modeled and marketed as intermediate goods, eligible to be reinstated within various production processes. Several operating policies through a discrete event simulation built in Extend are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]