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The paper explored the extent to which hospital appointed official root cause analysis (RCA) panels consider antecedent and proximal events when they investigate communication related sentinel events (CRSEs) in hospitals. It also explored which CRSEs are most common in the hospital setting in Hong Kong and the communication modes most commonly associated with CRSEs. The data consisted of Risk Alert and Annual Report on SEs issued by the Hong Kong Hospital Authority from October 2007 to September 2017. Over the period studied, there were 379 reported sentinel events (SEs). In 186 of these SEs we identified communication as a contributing factor. We examined the RCA panels' reports on contributing factors and subsequent recommendations in these 186 SEs and found that their recommendations only highlighted the proximal contributing factors and not antecedent factors that may be relevant. RCA panels most often recommended that communication should be enhanced or documentation improved. We propose that it is time to review the RCA process to recognize that many CRSEs may occur because of antecedent factors that result from the complex hospital organizational structure and its associated hierarchical culture. We suggest two ways forward, 1) applying a language and social psychology perspective to the investigations of CRSEs and, 2) the involvement of experts from different disciplines who can work with clinicians during RCA investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I address the relation between second person and third person attributions of mental states suggesting that, in their simpler forms, both the second and the third person have in common the possibility of non-inferential attribution via embodied mentalism. Such public availability and transparency is not distinctive of, or derived from, second person attributions, but a property of embodied mentalism irrespective of the "person" it is expressed in. Moreover, I will argue that second person intentional relations, like their third person counterparts, contain opaque mentalistic elements. These are not due to their combination with third person attributions, but are primary constituents of the second person. Indeed, learning about the opacity of mental states may be one of the outcomes and benefits of second person interaction. What is distinctive of second person attributions is the peculiar structure of the intentional relations they generate. In reciprocal interactions between two organisms, which have a long evolutionary history (e.g., mating, predator/prey interactions), two lines of intentionality collide generating, on the one hand, an interactive structure that contains implicitly the cognitive structure of Gricean intentionality, and on the other a set of unique first-person ("ostensive") experiences that derive from a long evolutionary history of behavioural and expressive mechanisms linked to social interaction. I develop these ideas in the framework of an outline of the evolutionary origins of second person intentionality in nonhuman animals and how it led to the sort of second person intentionality that occurs in human interaction and communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Self‐deprecation' (SD) is widely understood within social psychology and popular culture as a form of self‐talk that reflects a cognitive state, such as low self‐esteem or negative self‐regard. However, most research on SD suffers theoretical and methodological problems that fail to account for how its cognitive and linguistic aspects can be reconciled. We know little about SD as it occurs in interactional settings. Utilizing a conversation analytic (CA) perspective that brackets cognitive explanations for linguistic phenomena, this paper draws on more than 100 hours of transcribed recordings of interactions from diverse settings to systematically examine the form and function of a common class of SD: critical comments by a speaker on their current talk or actions (self‐deprecatory meta‐comments; SDMCs). Analyses demonstrate that SDMCs are used in environments of possible or actual interactional trouble, and manage this trouble in different sequential positions. The paper shows that SDs can be treated as a communication practice. Rigorous analysis of SDMCs can enrich understanding of the construction of 'identities' in talk. It advances a CA understanding of the ascription of social actions, and the preference for self‐criticism over criticism by others. Findings suggest that widespread advice to self‐deprecate less may be invalid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every day we trust other individuals as we engage in social interactions in which various desirable outcomes depend on others acting the way we hope, or they have indicated. Trust extends beyond specific individuals, however, as we might trust unknown others – individuals, institutions, corporations, and governments. Some also say that we trust various artifacts, such as machines. But what is the basis of trust, and can we really trust technology? Trust is intimately connected to the notion ethos from the study of rhetoric and human persuasion, which is often used to describe various characteristics of the speaker, the audience, the relationship between the speaker and the audience, and the wider context in which communication and interaction occurs. In this article I explore to what degree machines can be considered to have ethos, and consequently whether ethos is a useful concept for understanding persuasive and credibility-related situations in HMI and by extension key aspects of human-machine trust. This allows us to draw on a long lineage of research from, for example, rhetoric, communication studies, and cognitive and social psychology to better understand the usefulness – or not – of using the notion of trust to describe our relationship with machines. • Trust in machines partly parallels trust in humans, institutions, and artifacts. • Ethos, from rhetoric, relates to credibility and trust in human-machine interaction. • This paper explores if machines can have ethos, and how this relates to trust. • Machine ethos is about perceived credibility and not the machine's ethics. • Examining ethos enriches understanding of trust and design in HMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lie detection is an important skill for any representative of the law involved in the interview and interrogation process. Unfortunately, there is much misinformation regarding what type of lie detection methods work. This paper is a review of the most important psychosocial criminal research on lie detection and identification the most effective methods. The method of lie detection by reading facial expressions (particularly micro-expressions) is with the conclusion that it is not an effective method. I propose that, considering what the scientific research has unveiled thus far, lie detection methods based on thorough information gathering and comparative analysis work best. Finally, I provide some specific recommendations on effective ways to apply such methods during the interview and interrogation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since publication of Unequal Treatment by the Institute of Medicine in 2003, there has been a growing recognition of the role of provider implicit racial bias in patient care. Provider implicit racial bias has been consistently negatively associated with both care satisfaction and provider trust among racial/ethnic minority patients. This suggests provider implicit racial bias likely manifests through their communication behaviors, which in turn may offer a means of addressing racial disparities in healthcare and ultimately in health. However, identifying provider communication behaviors that mediate the links between provider implicit racial bias and patient outcomes is challenging. In this paper, we argue that identifying these provider communication behaviors requires (1) taking into account findings from social psychology research of implicit racial bias and (2) incorporating the perspectives of racial/ethnic minority patients into patient-provider communication research. We discuss the utility of mixed methods research designs as a framework for resolving this complex scientific question. Research that draws on social psychology research of implicit racial bias and incorporates the racial/ethnic minority patient perspectives can inform the development of communication skills training programs for students and residents in various healthcare fields. Such programs are one element of a broader effort to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of social representations (TSR) and discursive psychology (DP) originated as different social psychological approaches and have at times been presented as incompatible. However, along the years convergence has also been acknowledged, and, lately, most of all, practised. With this paper, we discuss how versions of TSR focusing on self–other relations for examining cultural meaning systems in/through communication, and versions of DP focusing on discourse at cultural, ideological, and interactional levels, can come together. The goal is to help forge a stronger social–psychological exploration of how meaning is constructed and transformed in and through language, discourse, and communication, thus extending current understanding of social change. After presenting a theoretical proposal for integrating those versions of TSR and DP, we offer also an integrated analytical strategy. We suggest that together these proposals can, on one hand, help TSR systematize analyses of social change that are both more critical and better grounded in theorizations of language use, and, on the other, provide DP with analytical tools able to better examine both the relational contexts where the construction and transformation of meaning are performed and their effects on discourse. Finally, we give some illustrations of the use of this analytical strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are the future of the intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which aim to improve traffic safety. The received message in VANETs can contain the malicious content that may affect the entire network; hence, these networks are more prone to such attacks. Thus, security is a major consideration before the deployment of such network. In this paper, a secure privacy-preserving authentication framework is proposed, which employs the use of pseudonyms for anonymous communication. A new digital signature scheme and aggregate verification scheme are designed for vehicular communications, and the ID-based signature scheme is used for vehicle-to-RSU communication. The multiple authorities are involved in revealing the identity of the vehicle in case of revocation. The signature verification scheme is improved by the use of bloom filters, and the results achieved by the proposed scheme have been implemented on a simulated environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]