Search

As a prescription drug, retinoic acid is listed as a banned cosmetic additive in the EU and China regulations. Currently, spectrophotometric methods, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and HPLC–MS/MS, are commonly used for the determination of retinoic acid. As these conventional methods require complex pretreatment and are time-consuming, chemical derivatization combined with paper spray ionization mass spectrometry was developed for the fast detection of retinoic acid in cosmetics. N,N-dimethylpiperazine iodide (DMPI) was utilized as a derivatization reagent. Carboxylic acid in retinoic acid was derivatized to carry a positive charge and was subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. Results showed that compared with non-derivatized compounds, the detection limit was increased by about 50 times. The linearity in the range of 0.005–1 μg·mL−1 was good. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0013 μg·mL−1, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.0043 μg·mL−1. The recoveries of spiked samples were in the range of 95–105%, and the RSDs were below 5%. Derivatization and paper spray ionization MS render a quick, sensitive, and accurate method for the detection of retinoic acid in a complex matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid detection of harmful estrogens in cosmetics is essential in protecting public health. To reduce time-consuming pretreatment and analytical procedures, a novel reactive paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (RPSI-MS) methodology was developed. RPSI-MS is suitable for quantitatively analyzing estrogens in cosmetics by utilizing an online derivatization reaction between estrogens and 2-fluoro-1-methyl-pyridinium-p-toluene-sulfonate (FluMP). Using estradiol valerate as the internal standard (I.S.), three estrogens, estradiol, estriol, and ethinyloestradiol, in cosmetics were quantitatively characterized within minutes. Multiple parameters were optimized including FluMP concentration and volume, triethylamine amount as well as the drying time. The three estrogens displayed good linearity ranging from 0.002 to 1 μg/mL, with R2 above 0.99. The recovery results of all the estrogens were within 80~111%. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.001 μg/mL for the three estrogens. Compared to conventional paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS), extraction is not required and the detection sensitivity of RPSI-MS was improved by 34,000, 80,000, and 1400 times for estradiol, estriol, and ethinyloestradiol, respectively. The protocol established in this paper is sensitive, eco-friendly, and suitable for rapid testing of estrogens in cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estrogens in personal care products are harmful to customers. Conventional methods such as HPLC and LC-MS require tedious sample pretreatment and long analytical time. Paper-spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) is a powerful tool for the determination of compounds with little time and minimal pretreatment procedures. Since most estrogens show poor responses in PSI-MS, we developed a chemical derivatization and PSI-MS method to determinate three estrogens: estradiol, estriol and ethinyloestradiol with estradiol valerate as the internal standard (I.S.). After derivatization with 2-fluoro-1-methyl-pyridinium-p-toluene-sulfonate, the three estrogens could be quantified in seconds. This method showed good linearity in the range of 0.1~30 μg·mL−1, with R2 > 0.999. Their recovery results were all between 85%~115%. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.04 μg·mL−1, 0.02 μg·mL−1 and 0.02 μg·mL−1 for estradiol, estriol and ethinyloestradiol respectively, which improved around 200, 2000, and 900 times compared to non-derivative PSI-MS. The method could quantitatively determine estrogens in cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hemp plant Cannabis sativa Linn, referring to industrial hemp, is a high-yielding annual industrial crop grown providing fibers from hemp stalk and oil from hemp seeds. Although hemp is a niche crop, hemp production is currently undergoing a renaissance. More than 30 countries grow hemp, with China being the largest hemp producing and exporting country. Europe and Canada are also important actors in the global hemp market. Traditionally, hemp as a fiber plant has been used for the production of apparels, fabrics, papers, cordages and building materials. The hurds, as waste by-product of fiber production, were used for bedding of animals, the seeds for human nutrition, e.g., as flour, and the oil for a wide range of purposes, from cooking to cosmetics. Hemp has also been an important crop throughout human history for medicine. Other more recent applications include materials for insulation and furniture, automotive composites for interior applications and motor vehicle parts, bioplastics, jewelry and fashion sectors, animal feed, animal bedding, and energy and fuel production. Foods containing hemp seed and oil are currently marketed worldwide for both animal and human nutrition. They also find applications in beverages and in neutraceutical products. Hemp oil is also used for cosmetics and personal care items, paints, printing inks, detergents and solvents. It is estimated that the global market for hemp consists of more than 25,000 products. Currently, the construction and insulation sector, paper and textile industries, and food and nutrition domains are the main markets while the cosmetics and automotive sector are growing markets. Innovative applications, e.g., in the medical and therapeutic domains, cosmeceuticals, phytoremediation, acoustic domain, wastewater treatment, biofuels, biopesticides and biotechnology, open new challenges. Hemp is also the object of numerous fundamental studies. This review presents and discusses the traditional and new uses of industrial hemp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fast methodology for the assay of parabens in drug and cosmetic preparations has been presented. The procedure developed is based on paper spray tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution approach. For each investigated paraben, the corresponding labeled standard has been used in order to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of the analyses. The MS experiments have been performed under MRM conditions, monitoring the transitions [M‐H]− → m/z 92 and [M‐H]− → m/z 98, respectively, for each analyte and the corresponding labeled internal standard. The quantitative assay has been performed using a calibration curve built from 2 to 15 mg/L. The method accuracy, in all case near 100%, was evaluated using fortified samples at two concentration levels, which are representative of the lower and the higher portion of calibration curve. The good values of LOQ, LOD, and reproducibility confirm the consistency of the developed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel is one of the most common allergens found in cosmetics: a high exposure to nickel can cause serious effects on human health, as contact dermatitis or eczema. Considering the spread of this type of allergy among the population and the predominant use of cosmetic products, use portable and easy-to-use devices, which allow a quick and accurate assessment of nickel above the permitted limits, could represent a valid and alternative tool for the protection of human health. In this study, we developed a hybrid paper-polyester printed strip for fast, simple, and low-cost determination of nickel at concentrations consistent with the allowable limits in cosmetics, exploiting the differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry in the presence of dimethylglyoxime as Ni-complexing agent. We report a novel configuration to produce an integrated fully-printed electrochemical device, in which the screen-printed electrode, printed on polyester, is successfully combined with a wax-printed filter paper disk in order to allow the investigation in treatment of complex matrices such as cosmetics ones. In addition, the use of filter paper allows to store all the reagents necessary for carrying out the determination. The method developed has allowed to work with small amount of sample (microliters level), obtaining a detection limit equal to 2 µM in standard solution and 5 µM in the two chosen matrices, namely cream and a synthetic gel. In order to evaluate the applicability, the device was also tested for the analysis of two commercial products, obtaining satisfactory results in terms of sensitivity and repeatability. The accuracy has been also evaluated by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements, with high correlation between the two approaches. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collection of sufficient amounts of chemical residues and metabolites from skin in a non-invasive manner is challenging [1]. The available sampling methods are based on the use of various sampling techniques [2]: macroduct, solvent extraction, tape stripping, oil/membrane approach, implementing absorbing materials such as semipermeable skin patch, alcohol swab, cotton pad, textile, nitrocellulose membrane, or imprinting materials such as silica plate, polydimethylosiloxane film and derivatized silicon. In certain cases, specimen collection is invasive while some materials cause inconvenience due to the time-consuming sampling step. In the past few years, our laboratory developed hydrogel micropatch sampling method, which was successfully combined with mass spectrometry (MS) allowing for detection of skin metabolites [3], disease biomarkers [4], and topical drugs [5]. The previous method took advantage of an atmospheric pressure sample introduction to MS without pre-separation. In fact, such hassle-free interfaces are popular in the MS-related research work [6, 7]. However, eliminating the chromatographic separation step complicates quantitative analysis of complex samples by increasing the risk of isobaric interferences. Another drawback of our previous method was fast drying of the hydrogel (agarose), what put an additional burden on the analyst (preparation of the probes a few hours before sampling skin). In an attempt to address these issues, we have been searching for a better sampling material, and we intended to use it in combination with a hyphenated analytical technique. In principle, one could consider hundreds of synthetic materials (e.g. polymers) as potential sorbents for skin sampling. While a major limitation of implementing new synthetic materials in clinical applications is their biocompatibility [8], various commercially available skin-care products can potentially be used to collect molecules present on the surface of skin for chemical analysis. In this study, we show that oil-control blotting paper can lift chemical species originating from a topical agent from skin in the quantities sufficient for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with MS (Fig. 1A). Due to the great popularity of plant-based insect repellents [9], we exemplify the use of the proposed protocol by investigating retention of such a repellent on the surface of skin. The knowledge of the retention kinetics of the related topical agents on the skin can be useful for the development of more effective formulations with long retention times, and--in consequence--for more efficient protection against infectious diseases spread by insect vectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper packaging is considered a sustainable solution and is already used as outer packaging (secondary packaging) or in direct product contact (primary packaging), for example as folding boxes and jars for hair and body care products or pallets for decorative cosmetics. They are biodegradable, recyclable and have a lower environmental impact than plastic packaging. However, the increasing demand for paper is leading to traditional raw material sources such as wood being called into question. Alternative raw material sources are therefore needed. Our research project “Paludiverpackung” is successfully investigating the use of paludicultures as an alternative raw material source for the production of sustainable paper packaging, developing efficient processes for pulp production and improvements in paper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last years, more stringent safety requirements for an increasing number of chemicals across many regulatory fields (e.g. industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, …) have triggered the need for an efficient screening strategy to prioritize the substances of highest concern. In this context, alternative methods such as in silico (i.e. computational) techniques gain more and more importance. In the current study, a new prioritization strategy for identifying potentially mutagenic substances was developed based on the combination of multiple (quantitative) structure-activity relationship ((Q)SAR) tools. Non-evaluated substances used in printed paper and board food contact materials (FCM) were selected for a case study. By applying our strategy, 106 out of the 1723 substances were assigned ‘high priority’ as they were predicted mutagenic by 4 different (Q)SAR models. Information provided within the models allowed to identify 53 substances for which Ames mutagenicity prediction already has in vitro Ames test results. For further prioritization, additional support could be obtained by applying local i.e. specific models, as demonstrated here for aromatic azo compounds, typically found in printed paper and board FCM. The strategy developed here can easily be applied to other groups of chemicals facing the same need for priority ranking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing worldwide market for natural‐ingredient‐based cosmetic toiletries is fuelled by the awareness of the dangers of synthetic cosmetics and benefits of natural‐based cosmetics on the skincare and management of skin disorders. Besides naturally formulated cosmetics being biodegradable, they also contain ingredients which are chemically beneficial to human skin. Milk‐based cosmetics are very promising since milk is rich in essential components such as lactoferrins, vitamins, and lactic acids, which have shown therapeutic properties against disorders such as skin cancer, acne scars, and dandruff. One of the milk that is very promising in the cosmetics industry is the camel milk. Currently, there is limited information in literature regarding the use of camel milk in cosmetics and their benefits. Camel milk stands out from bovine milk following its unique therapeutic properties and chemical composition, making it a potential ingredient for skincare and haircare products such as bath soaps and shampoos. The aim of this paper is to review the available literature on camel milk composition and evaluate the contribution of camel milk constituents to cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supported silver nanoparticles on filter paper were synthesized using Tollens' reagent. Experimental designs were performed to obtain the highest SERS enhancement factor by study of the influence of the parameters: filter paper pretreatment, type of filter paper, reactants concentration, reaction time and temperature. To this end, fractional factorial and central composite designs were used in order to optimize the synthesis for quantification of nicotinamide in the presence of excipients in a commercial sample of cosmetic. The values achieved for the optimal condition were 150mM of ammonium hydroxide, 50mM of silver nitrate, 500mM of glucose, 8min for the reaction time, 45°C temperature, pretreatment with ammonium hydroxide and quantitative filter paper (1–2µm). Despite the variation of SERS intensity, it was possible to use an adapted method of internal standard to obtain a calibration curve with good precision. The coefficient of determination of the linear fit was 0.97. The method proposed in this work was capable of quantifying nicotinamide on a commercial cosmetic gel, at low concentration levels, with a relative error of 1.06% compared to the HPLC. SERS spectroscopy presents faster analyses than HPLC, also complex sample preparation and large amount of reactants are not necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the marketing of trending green cosmetic products containing natural ingredients and coming with claims to keep skin health-enhancing and age-defying benefits. This is fostered by the growing importance of successful ageing and the neoliberal self-care agenda. Adopting the notion of "integrated design" from Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA), this paper looks at the communicative affordances of the web and how marketers of "green" cosmetics connect these to science. The analysis shows that the integrated design of the webpages allows cosmetic companies to connote science while glossing over significant details, leaving causalities, classifications, and processes unspecified. This marketing frames fighting the "look" of ageing as a moral and ethical consumption choice. Such choices relate to self-care regimes of a "successful" neoliberal citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) is a medicinal and food homologue of perennial plants derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of the genus Glycyrrhiza in the legume family. In recent years, the comprehensive utilization of licorice resources has attracted people's attention. It is widely utilized to treat diseases, health food products, food production, and other industrial applications. Furthermore, numerous bioactive components of licorice are found using advanced extraction processes, which mainly include polyphenols (flavonoids, dihydrostilbenes, benzofurans, and coumarin), triterpenoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and volatile oils, all of which have been reported to possess a variety of pharmacological characteristics, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidepressive, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, antisex hormone, skin effects, anticariogenic, antitussive, and expectorant activities. Thereby, all of these compounds promote the development of novel and more effective licorice-derived products. This paper reviews the progress of research on extraction techniques, chemical composition, bioactivities, and applications of licorice to provide a reference for further development and application of licorice in different areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, some activist groups have targeted cosmetics as possible human health threats, claiming that cosmetic ingredients are not adequately tested for safety and may pose risks to consumers. The groups allege that industry practices related to safety testing are flawed, that there is little government oversight, and that cosmetics contain cancer-causing chemicals and other toxicants. A critical review of the scientific data related to these claims indicates the following: (1) Industry has the primary responsibility to ensure that all ingredients, preservatives, and coformulants used in products are safe for their intended uses. (2) The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulatory oversight of the cosmetic industry. Its authority includes the banning or restriction of ingredients for safety reasons. (3) The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR), an independent, scientific review board, critically evaluates chemical ingredients used in cosmetics and publishes the results of its findings in the peer-reviewed literature. (4) Health-related allegations about cosmetic ingredients are generally based on the results of high-dose laboratory testing in animals and have little relevance for humans. As true now as when Paracelsus said it in the 16th century, “It is the dose that makes the poison.” (5) The health-related allegations involving specific chemicals (e.g., phthalates, parabens, and 1,3-butadiene) fail to consider important scientific studies and recent regulatory conclusions about these chemicals, which have found that they are not hazardous. (6) Animal and human physiology differ in crucial ways, further invalidating simplistic attempts to extrapolate rodent testing to human health risks. The cosmetic industry should be encouraged to publish more of its toxicity studies and safety evaluations, which would aid in dispelling the uncertainty that some consumers have about cosmetic safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants and their products have been utilized as raw materials in the preparation of cosmetics for millennia. Currently, research is being done to find new plant materials that may be used as ingredients in cosmetic preparations, including body sprays, shampoos, conditioners, hair dyes/sprays, and other cosmetics. The plants that are used in the preparation of cosmetic products are usually procured from nature, however, the quality and quantity of bioactive ingredients present in the biomass vary based on the species, environment, and geographical locations from where the material has been procured. In addition, procurement of plant material from natural resources may lead to a shortage of material and even endanger the status of rare plants in the natural environment. Therefore, there is increased interest in the use of plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures (PCTOC) for the production of raw materials and bioactive specialized metabolites. There is also scope for increasing the accumulation of biomass and bioactive compounds in PCTOC by adopting various strategies such as optimization of culture medium, culture environment, elicitation, and other bioprocess methods. Furthermore, PCTOC-produced raw materials are free from contaminants, pesticides, and heavy metals and an important benefit of producing biomass in vitro is that it is easily accepted by regulatory authorities and consumers. In the current review, we describe the bioactive compounds of ginseng, purple coneflower, He-shou-wu, and St. John's wort which have cosmetological importance. Additionally, we elucidate the PCTOC method adopted for the production of biomass and bioactive compounds in these plants. [Display omitted] • For the production of biomass and specialized metabolites, plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures are important tools. • The cosmetic benefits of Echinacea purpurea, Hypericum perforatum, Panax ginseng , and Polygonum multiflorum have been discussed. • The production of cell and adventitious root biomass is discussed in this paper using specific examples from Echinacea purpurea, Hypericum perforatum, Panax ginseng , and Polygonum multiflorum. • Plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures have been proposed as a method for producing biomass in bioreactors and for usage as ingredients in cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the safety of alkaloid risk substances in cosmetics, China's management regulations, testing methods for alkaloid risk substances in cosmetics and foreign regulations for alkaloid risk substances, etc., and puts forward suggestions and measures to strengthen the risk regulation of alkaloid risk substances in cosmetics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As we enter the era of long COVID, recent studies on the relationship between coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) and skin are being conducted from various angles. Awareness of the safety of healthy skin is increasing. Objectives: Therefore, in this study, we empirically analyzed safe cosmetics, natural cosmetics, and organic cosmetics, which have recently become a critical issue. Methods: Keywords such as 'long COVID', 'COVID‐19 Skin', 'ISO Natural Organic Index', 'edible', 'safe cosmetics', 'natural cosmetics', and 'organic cosmetics' were searched and created. This study was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Riss, Scopus, and ResearchGate. Accordingly, a total of 689 papers were studied. This paper was successfully completed using a total of 41 references in this study using PRISMA flow diagram. Results: In the long COVID era, customers in the beauty and cosmetics market will have to apply ISO natural organic ingredients to the cosmetics and beauty industry, reflecting consumer demand for edible ingredients for safety issues. Therefore, it will be able to provide new strategy and implications for a safer cosmetic market that values health and beauty. Conclusion: Therefore, in this literature review, interest in skin has increased due to the long corona, and it was determined that changes in the cosmetic market would be necessary by using the ISO natural organic index for the consumer's desire for healthy skin. Therefore, in this article, in the future development of eco‐friendly organic cosmetics, in line with the natural and environment‐friendly changes reminiscent of the efficacy or ingredients of products, it is necessary to develop cosmetics using the ISO natural organic index that meets the needs of consumers and a differentiated strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The Minamata Convention on Mercury (Article 4) prohibits the manufacture, import, or export of skin-lightening products containing mercury concentrations above 1 ppm. However, there is a lack of knowledge surrounding the global prevalence of mercury-added skin-lightening products. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to increase our understanding of worldwide human mercury exposure from skin-lightening products. METHODS: A systematic search of peer-reviewed scientific literature was performed for relevant articles in four databases (PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and TOXLINE). The search strategy, eligibility criteria, and data-extraction methods were established a priori. The search identified 2,303 unique scientific articles, of which 41 were ultimately deemed eligible for inclusion after iterative screens at the title, abstract, and whole-text levels. To facilitate data extraction and synthesis, all papers were organized according to four data groups a) “Mercury in products,” b) “Usage of products,” c) “Human biomarkers of exposure,” and d) “Health impacts.” RESULTS: This review was based on data contained in 41 peer-reviewed scientific papers from 22 countries worldwide published between 2000 and 2022. In total, we captured mercury concentration values from 787 skin-lightening product samples [overall pooled central median mercury level was 0.49μg/g; interquartile range (IQR): 0.02-5.9] and 1,042 human biomarker measurements from 863 individuals. We also synthesized usage information from 3,898 individuals and self-reported health impacts associated with using mercury-added products from 832 individuals. DISCUSSION: This review suggests that mercury widely exists as an active ingredient in many skin-lightening products worldwide and that users are at risk of variable and often high exposures. These synthesized findings identify data gaps and help increase our understanding of the health risks associated with the use of these products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgae are gaining considerable attention in the field of cosmeceuticals due to their unique profile. In particular, the diverse range of valuable bioactive compounds isolated from microalgae are known to exhibit multiple properties, including anti-aging, antioxidant, whitening, moisturising, and photoprotection, which have contributed to their distinctive profile. In recent years, there has been an increasing effort around exploration of novel natural biologically active substances from microalgae. This trend is in part driven by the global progression towards a ‘greener’ lifestyle. Since compounds derived from microalgae can offer skin benefits without inducing any adverse effects on human health, they are recognised as promising ingredients for innovative cosmetics and cosmeceutical applications. This review paper provides an overview of the changing balance of reliance on traditional topical agents and the prominent role of microalgae as an alternative source for whitening, photo-protection and anti-aging cosmetic applications.Graphical abstract: Microalgae are gaining considerable attention in the field of cosmeceuticals due to their unique profile. In particular, the diverse range of valuable bioactive compounds isolated from microalgae are known to exhibit multiple properties, including anti-aging, antioxidant, whitening, moisturising, and photoprotection, which have contributed to their distinctive profile. In recent years, there has been an increasing effort around exploration of novel natural biologically active substances from microalgae. This trend is in part driven by the global progression towards a ‘greener’ lifestyle. Since compounds derived from microalgae can offer skin benefits without inducing any adverse effects on human health, they are recognised as promising ingredients for innovative cosmetics and cosmeceutical applications. This review paper provides an overview of the changing balance of reliance on traditional topical agents and the prominent role of microalgae as an alternative source for whitening, photo-protection and anti-aging cosmetic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe 4 adults with an allergic contact dermatitis for moist baby toilet tissues, being used either for their personal hygiene or for their babies (children). The allergen proved to be the preservative mixture of methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI). Allergic contact dermatitis from moist toilet paper has been infrequently reported but is probably not rare. The cases we describe here have been observed over a short period of 6 months. The question arises if the use of MCI/MI as a preservative, still often used in leave-on products, should not be abandoned from cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyaluronic acid is a very well-known ingredient in the cosmetic market thanks to its beneficial effects on the skin. Usually linked to the specific molecular weight, the biological effectiveness can be reached by different stimulations related to a wide range of molecular weights, able to mimic the biology and the skin tissues requirements ensuring a targeted and broad-spectrum action. The present paper aims to demonstrate the efficacy of a specific sodium hyaluronate, based on Full Spectrum Technology, in counteracting skin aging signs when administered in an IN&OUT beauty routine: as an ingredient of a cosmetic product and as the main constituent of a food supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the twenty-first century, the RDP (redispersible powder) has become the critical ingredient in various sectors and has numerous applications in day to day life. RDP is a free-flowing, white powder obtained by spray drying of an aqueous dispersion. Commercially available polymeric admixtures are classified into polymer dispersion, redispersible polymer powder (RDPP), water-soluble polymers, and liquid polymers. RDPP is a polymer emulsion that is converted to RDP by high temperature and pressure followed by spray drying and surface treatment to powdered thermoplastic resin material. Today, the demand for RDP is increasing in various fields due to their desirable change in properties after their addition with different products. High-grade RDP is manufactured via the various monomers so that the efficiency of RDP increases for the application purpose. RDPP is synthesized via polymerization and spray drying technique which has applications in concrete–polymer composite/polymer-modified mortar and concrete. The different types of latex-based RDP known are a copolymer of ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA), a terpolymer of ethylene/vinyl chloride/vinyl laurate (E/VC/VL), terpolymer of vinyl acetate/ethylene/vinyl ester of versatic acid (VAc/E/VeoVa), acrylate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) polymer, styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), etc. The current paper audits the standards process technology for RDP, the past significant importance and historical backgrounds, recent and future developments and advancement of concrete–polymer composite, and normalization work on concrete–polymer composites. The core–shell morphology of RDP in polymer cement waterproof mortar is also discussed in this paper. In the construction field, polymer-modified cement (hydraulic) mixtures are used due to their unique properties. As new inventions have been done in the area of RDPP, it is investigated that polymer film formation in cement mortars modified with water-soluble RDPP also occurs. The effect of RDPP concentration on the initial and final setting time of cement mortars plays a significant role in this field. Furthermore, the amalgamation of nanotechnology with RDP synthesis has boosted the applications of RDP in various other fields. RDP has played a vital role in the field of medicine, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. In the food industry, RDP is used to increase storage ability, durability, and product properties. The review paper covers all the stages in RDP/RDPP synthesis from the year 1999 to 2021. The different techniques for synthesizing high-quality and efficient RDP have been reviewed here. The paper gives a complete overlook of trends in applications of RDP over the period. This paper discusses all the past and future applications, recent trends, development of RDP in the various fields and shows its bright prospective in the upcoming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: New changes are taking place in the beauty and cosmetology market due to changes in daily life due to coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) and environmental alteration caused by the spread of live commerce. Purpose: This study technically investigated the future value and direction of vegan cosmetics from food to cosmetics by focusing on good ingredients after COVID‐19 pandemic and changing the needs of consumers in the beauty and cosmetics industry. Methods: This review paper is a critical literature review, and a narrative review approach has been used for this study. A total of 300–400 references were selected using representative journal search websites such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, RISS, and ResearchGate, which a total of 45 papers were selected in the final stage based on 2009 to 2022. Result: As environmental problems increased after the COVID‐19 pandemic, we tried to understand the needs of consumers for vegan cosmetics, which are good ingredients and good cosmetics. Therefore, this narrative review clearly shows the need for beauty and cosmetics industry consumers to pursue good consumption due to the global COVID‐19 pandemic. Conclusion: Accordingly, this literature review will need to identify consumer needs for vegan cosmetics that started from vegan foods and develop the applications for the development of customized inner beauty products, customized vegan inner beauty products and/or customized vegan cosmetics using customized cosmetics. This is expected to be used as important marketing materials for the global vegan cosmetics market that confirms new changes in the cosmetics market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysaccharides are essential components with diverse functions in living organisms and find widespread applications in various industries. They serve as food additives, stabilizers, thickeners, and fat substitutes in the food industry, while also contributing to dietary fiber for improved digestion and gut health. Plant-based polysaccharides are utilized in paper, textiles, wound dressings, biodegradable packaging, and tissue regeneration. Polysaccharides play a crucial role in medicine, pharmacy, and cosmetology, as well as in the production of biofuels and biomaterials. Among microbial biopolymers, microbial levan, a fructose polysaccharide, holds significant promise due to its high productivity and chemical diversity. Levan exhibits a wide range of properties, including film-forming ability, biodegradability, non-toxicity, self-aggregation, encapsulation, controlled release capacity, water retention, immunomodulatory and prebiotic activity, antimicrobial and anticancer activity, as well as high biocompatibility. These exceptional properties position levan as an attractive candidate for nature-based materials in food production, modern cosmetology, medicine, and pharmacy. Advancing the understanding of microbial polymers and reducing production costs is crucial to the future development of these fields. By further exploring the potential of microbial biopolymers, particularly levan, we can unlock new opportunities for sustainable materials and innovative applications that benefit various industries and contribute to advancements in healthcare, environmental conservation, and biotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the habits, utensils and products of grooming and personal care employed by the elites of Seville in the first half of the 16th century, when the city's port became the gateway to the Indies. This involves distinguishing between wet and dry routines of bodily care and cleansing, as well as processes related to cosmetics and hair care, often also performed in pursuit of medicinal benefits. We also take into account the importance of perfume production, which often took place in the domestic space and resulted in fragrances applied both to the body and the home environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skin aging which entails modifications in the entire skin and skin support system is caused as a result of complex blend of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The main objective of this review is to provide critical insights into the effect of the aging determinants (intrinsic and extrinsic) on aging skin and to focus on a few classes of natural bioactives that were reported to counteract symptoms of cutaneous aging, pose potential, and beneficial health effect on aging skin supported with relevant scientific evidence. The narrative review of this cutaneous antiaging study incorporating the literature findings was retrieved from the search of computerized databases PubMed and Scopus, hand searches, and authoritative books. The antiaging skin care approach of using bioactives are basically nutritional hormetins, available from our natural heritage, identified as potent free radical scavengers, antioxidants, moisturizers, cell repairing agents, and ultraviolet protectives which have started to seek considerable attention among researchers and consumers due to the undesirable effect of chemical-based constituents on human health and environment. With the booming antiaging strategies, beauty has become the prime factor in considering one's health and overall "wellness". As promoting healthy aging is essential, the objective of aesthetic dermatology should shift from cosmetic interventions to the betterment of quality of life of aging society. The paper also discusses on certain artificial learning/machine-based algorithms, useful in screening of bioactive ingredients, helpful in developing of more tailored formulations. This narrative overview on skin antiaging natural bioactives and artificial learning–based bioactive screening approaches contributes for the improvement in dermatological drug discovery, in the development of novel targeted lead compounds and accelerates aging research and pharmaceutical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the examination of a values–beliefs–norms (VBN) model, modified by climate change risk perception, in France, Germany, and Spain, to investigate consumers' intentions to purchase personal and house care products that are going to contain innovative ingredients made from recycled CO2. Electronic interviews were undertaken by a research agency on stratified (gender and age) samples in each country. Solely biospheric values indicated a statistically significant and positive causal relationship with risk perception. Risk perception provided the strongest of all impacts on awareness of consequences. Awareness of consequences affected the ascription of responsibility, and ascription of responsibility affected personal norms, which in turn generated consumption intentions. VBN was found powerful in explaining 58%, 60.2%, and 43.3% of the variance in intentions to buy CPGs with green chemical ingredients in French, German, and Spanish consumers, respectively. Moderation analysis indicated that the relationship between personal norms and consumption intentions is stronger in France and Germany than in Spain. Theoretical and practical implications are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 15 May to 15 December 1994, 2943 patients suspected of having contact dermatitis (1955 women, 988 men) were patch tested with methyldibromoglutaronitrile 0.3%, 0.1% and .05% pet. 119 patients (4.0% women, 4.1% men, 3.8%) proved to be allergic. 71% of the reactions were considered to be relevant. In 2/3 of the patients, causative products were cosmetics, in 1/3 moistened toilet tissues. Testing with methyldibromoglutaronitrile at lower concentrations 0.05% and 0.1%) and with commercial allergens (Euxyl® K 400 and methyldibromoglutaronitrile, both containing methyldibromoglutaronitrile 0.1%), resulted in a number of false-negative reactions. All preservatives in the European standard series had lower scores than the 4% positive reactions to methyldibromoglutaronitrile (formaldehyde 2.0%. MCI/MI (Kathon® CG) 3.2% parabens, 1.0% quaternium-15 1.3%). It is concluded that methydibromoglutaronitrile (present in the commercial preservative Euxyl® K 400) is an important contact allergen in the Netherlands in cosmetics and moistened toilet tissues. It should be added to cosmetics series and to proctological series. The optimal test concentration is unknow, but may be 0.3%. pet. Th concentration of 0.1% methyldibromoglutaronitrile in the currently available commercial allergens appears to be too low, resulting in a number of false-negative reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic development and people’s pursuit of “beauty career” have led to the vigorous development of the cosmetics market. Cosmetics has increasingly become a rigid demand for consumers. The cosmetics industry has entered the fast lane of development, resulting in a surge in demand for cosmetics professionals. In order to meet the urgent needs of cosmetics professionals in China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University established the first major of cosmetic science and technology. This paper introduces the construction process, talent training program and talent training mode of the cosmetic science and technology major, which can be used as a reference for other colleges and universities to carry out the construction of cosmetic science and technology major. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review provides a report on the properties and recent advances in the application of chitosan and chitosan-based materials in cosmetics. Chitosan is a polysaccharide that can be obtained from chitin via the deacetylation process. Chitin most commonly is extracted from cell walls in fungi and the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as crustaceans and insects. Chitosan has attracted significant academic interest, as well as the attention of the cosmetic industry, due to its interesting properties, which include being a natural humectant and moisturizer for the skin and a rheology modifier. This review paper covers the structure of chitosan, the sources of chitosan used in the cosmetic industry, and the role played by this polysaccharide in cosmetics. Future aspects regarding applications of chitosan-based materials in cosmetics are also mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The frequency of use of permanent hair dyes to change natural colour are associated with fibre damage and with an increased risk of serious health problems. The future of hair dyeing could be the topical modulation of the pigment production that occurs in special cells, called melanocytes, localized in the hair roots. The success of such approaches is dependent on expanding and deepening our knowledge on hair pigmentation biology. In this context, the paper aims to critically review the vast bibliography on mammalian pigmentation having in view the topical modulation of hair follicle biology to produce a desired change in the hair fibre colour. The natural colour of hair shafts is formed at the bulb of hair follicles, and it is coupled to the hair growth cycle. Three critical processes must happen for efficient pigmentation: (1) melanosome biogenesis in neural crest-derived melanocytes, (2) the biochemical synthesis of melanins (melanogenesis) inside melanosomes, and (3) the transfer of melanin granules to surrounding pre-cortical keratinocytes for their incorporation into nascent hair fibres. All these steps are under complex genetic control. The array of natural hair colour shades are ascribed to polymorphisms in several pigmentary genes. A myriad of factors acting via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms also contributes for hair colour diversity. Given the enormous social and cosmetic importance attributed to hair colour, hair dyeing is today a common practice. Nonetheless, the adverse effects of the long-term usage of such cosmetic procedures demand the development of new methods for colour change. In this context, case reports of hair lightening, darkening and repigmentation as a side-effect of the therapeutic usage of many drugs substantiate the possibility to tune hair colour by interfering with the biology of follicular pigmentary units. By scrutinizing mammalian pigmentation, this review pinpoints key targetable processes for the development of innovative cosmetics that can safely change the hair colour from the inside out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We all are consumers and we use numerous products and services to satisfy our needs similarly Cosmetic products sales are at their peak in the contemporary times. There are numerous factors which have a direct or indirect impact on consumer buying behaviour. Similarly, in the case of cosmetics, Organisations use various methods to promote their sales like advertisements on traditional media like Television, Billboards, newspapers, magazines etc and also on Social media platform like Youtube, Instagram etc with the help of Celebrity Endorsers. The aim of the Research paper is to find out effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement as a Marketing Tool and to Study the usage of Celebrity endorsement in Cosmetics Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xenoestrogens exert antiandrogenic effects on the human androgen receptor. In the analytical field, such antagonists block the detection of testosterone and falsify results obtained by sum parameter assays. Currently, such agonistic versus antagonistic effects are not differentiated in complex mixtures. Oppositely acting hormonal effects present in products of everyday use can only be differentiated after tedious fractionation and isolation of the individual compounds along with subjection of each fraction/compound to the status quo bioassay testing. However, such long-lasting procedures are not suited for routine. Hence, we developed a fast bioanalytical tool that figures out agonists versus antagonists directly in complex mixtures. Exemplarily, 8 cosmetics and 15 thermal papers were analyzed. The determined antagonistic potentials of active compounds found were comparable to the ones of known antagonists (in reference shown for bisphenol A, 4- n -nonylphenol and four parabens). Relevant biological/chromatographic parameters such as cell viability, culture conditions, dose response curves, limits of biological detection/quantification and working range (shown for testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, nandrolone and trenbolone) were investigated to obtain the best sensitivity of the biological detection. The developed and validated method was newly termed reversed phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography planar yeast ant-/agonistic androgen screen (RP-HPTLC-pYAAS bioassay). Results were also compared with the RP-HPTLC- Aliivibrio fischeri bioassay (applied on RP plates for the first time). As proof-of-concept, the transfer to another bioassay (RP-HPTLC-pYES) was successfully demonstrated, analogously termed RP-HPTLC-pYAES bioassay detecting anti-/estrogens (exemplarily shown for evaluation of 4 pharmaceuticals used in breast cancer treatment). The new imaging concept provides (1) detection and differentiation of individual agonistic versus antagonistic effects in the bioprofiles, (2) bioanalytical quantification of their activity potential by scanning densitometry and (3) characterization of unknown bioactive compound zones by hyphenation to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Depending on the hormonal bioassay, 15 samples were analyzed in parallel within 5 h or 6 h (calculated as 20 or 24 min per sample). For the first time, piezoelectric spraying of the yeast cells was successfully demonstrated for the planar yeast–based bioassays. • New concept for fast and reliable agonists/antagonists analysis in complex samples. • Development of a bioassay to detect anti-/androgens on reversed phase HPTLC plates. • Non-target screening of cosmetics and thermal papers for anti-/androgenic substances. • Identification of antagonistic substances in thermal papers by HPTLC-HESI-HRMS. • Transfer of the new concept to differentiate anti-/estrogenic effects, shown for pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of medical research. They include "Frequency of allergic contact dermatitis to isoeugenol is not decreasing: a review of 3636 patients tested from 2001-2005," "A prospective audit of referrals for patch testing from a district general hospital to a specialist contact dermatitis unit," and "Cosmetic and fragrance allergy in the U.K."

Background: Symptoms of illnesses related to COVID‐19 disease include also dermatological changes. Moreover, modification of cosmetic and hygenic habits are widely noted. Aim: The aim of this paper is to review the literature focused on skin manifestations related to COVID‐19 disease. Materials and Methods: In order to obtain information contained in this review article electronic databases, such as Google Scholar and PubMed, was searched. Only peer‐reviewed articles published in the past two years have been studied. Results and Discussion: People have changed their cosmetics and hygenic habits, what has an impact on spreading COVID‐19 disease, as well as on the beauty industry and human health. Conclusion: More emphasis should be placed on increasing knowledge about skin lesions, which may appear in course of the disease or are associated with changes in hygenic and cosmetics habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A clear example of the cultural adaptation process is represented by the global spread of one of the most famous American cosmetics companies, Avon Products. The products related to hygiene and cosmetics, in particular, are deeply influenced by the canons of the dominant culture regarding aesthetics, fashion, morality, gender, religion. This paper will concentrate on one of these challenges, namely, the company's international strategy in order to expand into different countries, focusing on a case study, Italy. Avon's history exemplifies the role of light industries during a boom in the economy; it shows the adjustments to a changing market and embodies the challenge of adapting to a different cultural context. Executives at Avon Italy were forced to consider issues like gender and class in their strategies, as their American counterparts did before them, but in a different framework. Moreover, they found that the key to success was the development of targeted marketing for Italian female consumers: a marketing where local sales representatives played a key role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Globally, the coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) is an incomplete homework task. The society has transitioned into a non‐face‐to‐face society due to COVID‐19. Thus, research was conducted focusing on a new market in the cosmetic market using non‐fungible token (NFT) in the metaverse era, a virtual world that is starting anew. Purpose: This study is an empirical analysis focused on introducing the new start of luxury cosmetics brands using the metaverse world to good consumption using NFT. Method: These data were reviewed to identify agreement between each section and unique guiding areas. The 39 papers were finally considered appropriate for evaluating the research objectives as follows in relation to the search criteria. This can be done through the PRISMA flow diagram to determine how many records were identified, included, and excluded. Result: Good consumption in the future beauty market is vital, following COVID‐19. Therefore, this narrative review article concluded that, only good, irreplaceable brands that utilize NFT fitting the luxury brand strategy and consuming good money will survive when the metaverse cosmetic era opened. Conclusion: By identifying new changes in the global metaverse world and cosmetics market using NFT, this study can be used as an important marketing material in the metaverse cosmetics market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Non-melanoma skin neoplasms in the head and neck area, the location of lesions around the ear, accounts for approximately 13–15% of all cases. The problematic location of neoplasms within the auricle and around the ear often causes many problems in surgical treatment, which can lead to unsatisfactory cosmetic effects or the presence of positive surgical margins. The presence of positive surgical margins leads to recurrence in about 10–67% of such patients. The aim of the study was to analyse the effectiveness, toxicity profile, and cosmetic effect of two different brachytherapy techniques (contact and interstitial brachytherapy). In our study, we analysed the results of 33 patients treated with HDR contact or interstitial brachytherapy. We showed that this is a highly effective, short, and relatively low burden on patients with cancer of the outer ear, involving the auricle and the skin of the adjacent area. The toxicity of the treatment was low. The location of skin neoplasms in the area of the ears qualifies patients to the so-called high-risk group. The location of neoplasms within the auricle and around the ear often causes many problems in surgical treatment. This is due to the presence of cartilage, the difficulty of performing procedures with obtaining a visually satisfactory cosmetic effect, especially in the presence of extensive lesions and can lead to positive surgical margins which leads to a high risk of recurrence. In such cases, the use of brachytherapy, both as an independent method and as a complementary method after surgery, may be an effective method of local control with an acceptable risk of radiation complications. However, there are no large retrospective studies on the use of brachytherapy in this anatomical region. The aim of the study was to analyse the effectiveness, toxicity profile, and cosmetic effect of two different brachytherapy techniques (contact and interstitial brachytherapy). Methods: This paper presents the results of a retrospective analysis of 33 patients treated with contact or interstitial high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy for skin cancers of the outer ear, involving the auricle and the skin of the adjacent area. Brachytherapy was used both as a definitive treatment (15 patients—43%) and adjuvant treatment after surgery (18 patients—57%). The basic criterion for adjuvant treatment was a positive or narrow (<1 mm) resection margin. Fraction doses from 3 to 7 Gy per fraction were used at intervals from six hours (interstitial brachytherapy) to a maximum of seven days (contact brachytherapy). The treatment time ranged from 1 to 42 days, and the total dose range was 7 to 49 Gy. The follow-up was 29.75 months (range 2–64). Results: In the group of patients treated with adjuvant therapy, in the patients with post-radiation reaction, the mean time from surgery to the start of brachytherapy was 7.72 ± 3.05 weeks, the median was 8 (6–12) weeks, and in the group without post-radiation reaction, the mean time was 11.13 ± 4.41 weeks, the median time was 11 weeks (8–14). The risk of a post-radiation reaction increased significantly more often in patients with more advanced disease. In the case of contact brachytherapy, the post-radiation reaction occurred significantly more often (14/21 patients—43%) than in the case of interstitial brachytherapy (3/11 patients—9.4%). In patients with post-radiation reactions, a significantly larger volume of the skin receiving a dose of 200% was found, and the volume receiving a dose of 150% was close to statistical significance. The mean volume of the skin receiving a 200% dose in the group with post-radiation reactions was 28.05 ± 16.56 cm3, the median was 24.86 (0.5–52.3) cm3, and the mean volume in the group without post-radiation reaction was 17.98 ± 10.96 cm3, median 14.95 (3.9–44.96) cm3. The result was statistically significant (Z = 2.035, p = 0.041). Conclusion: Interstitial HDR (high-dose-rate) brachytherapy for non-melanoma skin cancers around the ear is highly effective, short, and has a relatively low burden on the patient. The toxicity of the treatment was low. In the case of contact brachytherapy, the toxicity profile is slightly higher but acceptable for patients. This method is preferred in patients in whom interstitial brachytherapy is impossible to perform due to anatomical and logistical reasons. The unquestionable advantage of contact brachytherapy is its ability to be performed on an outpatient basis without the need to stay in the hospital. No severe and late CTCAE ≥III and late RTOG ≥III toxicity was observed. In patients after surgery, in order to minimise the risk of radiation reaction, it is optimal to start treatment at least eight weeks after surgery. In the presence of extensive lesions, the use of interstitial brachytherapy seems to be more advantageous, especially when the expected volume of healthy skin in the dose range of 200% and 150% is above 15 cm3 and 50 cm3, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an economic crop, ginseng has been planted in China for thousands of years. Because of its various pharmacological activities, ginseng is widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics and other fields, but the actual output of ginseng can't meet the market demand at present. Improving the production efficiency of ginseng is still the primary objective of ginseng planting research. In recent years, many new modes, technologies, methods and instruments have emerged in the production, such as site election, seed treatment, sowing, scaffolding, cultivation and harvesting. This paper summarizes the research status of ginseng cultivation from cultivation mode and techniques, hoping to provide reference for improving the production efficiency of ginseng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Problematic toenails caused by various diseases that are infected by various bacteria are discolored or deformed if left unattended for a long time are gradually increasing in modern society. Accordingly, the present study examines the anti‐bacterial effects of LCN products, focused on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichophyton rubrum, which can appear in problematic toenail symptoms. After the treatment, a significant anti‐bacterial effect occurring on problematic toenails when a product containing silver ion (Ag+) will be analyzed. Methods: The anti‐bacterial activity of LCN functional gel products in anti‐fungal and/or anti‐bacterial potency was confirmed by the paper disk method against two strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichophyton rubum). Results: From July 2019 to October 2019, 30 men and women in their 20s and 50s who needed to manage problematic toenails in Wonju city, Gangwon‐do, Republic of Korea, were asked to use LCN products once every two weeks. After 4 months, changes in the managed toenails were observed. Both products showed very good anti‐microbial activity against, Trichophyton rubum but a very weak one against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: As a result of this study, although there was a difference between individuals, the feet treated with LCN products showed effective anti‐bacterial activity against topical anti‐bacterial effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students are the part of society, they are desirous to meet societal norms. So many times they are ready to keep apart the education to get better physical looks. Their role models are from virtual world having dazzling faces with perfect figure. To get similar looks, adolescent even younger students are using a wide range of cosmetics. To relate cosmetics and science may look strange but a deep & close relation exists between them. A few years ago, naturally available materials were used to enhance physical attractiveness. But, the rapidly changing societal norms have replaced natural beauty products to chemicalized cosmetics. These cosmetics are in range as the cosmetics manufacturing companies are throwing attractive offers to promote their sales. Simultaneously, the user of cosmetics are the students of our schools. The global information and measurement company, Neilsen India Private Limited has reported that urban female adolescents are purchasing more skin care and makeup products than ever before. The educators can't ignore this facet of life, it is the part of their duty to teach students about the noxious nature of cosmetics. This paper is about the enhancing awareness for the use of cosmetics among students via teaching chemical science. Methodology adopted is description of data accessed via internet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 appeared in humans at the end of 2019 and caused a worldwide coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Our research is being conducted on consumers who are having difficulties in purchasing cosmetics due to the rapid change in non‐face‐to‐face society due to COVID‐19 on new normal period. Objectives: This study technically investigates the customer experience of consumers in the cosmetic market on metaverse world, which has changed to a non‐face‐to‐face era after COVID‐19. Methods: It was written with reference to keywords such as "COVID‐19," "non‐face‐to‐face," "fandom marketing," "alpha generation," and "metaverse." This study was performed by searching on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ResearchGate. A total of 378 papers were retrieved, of which 29 were successfully selected in this study. Results: It focused on the transformational change of the metaverse beauty market that will be led by the alpha generation after COVID‐19. It was empirically analyzed targeting the alpha generation, who are users, to change the problems of users who test and purchase cosmetics face‐to‐face in the beauty market so that they can do fandom marketing and customer experience using metaverse in a non‐face‐to‐face society. Conclusion: As a result, this article is expected to be used as an important marketing material for new changes in the market on metaverse world by clearly identifying the needs of consumers in the cosmetic industry that have changed in the untact era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arbutin, the glucoside of hydroquinone, exists in two isomers, α-arbutin and β-arbutin. The synthetic α isomer is mainly used as a skin brightening agent, while β-arbutin occurs naturally, for instance in bearberry, and is used in drugs for treatment of lower urinary tract infections and as a food supplement. Since both isomers can be harmful at high concentrations, methods for their quantification are required. Classically they have been determined by reversed-phase chromatography, but separation of both isomers is often unsatisfactory. Here we present a simple and reliable method for quantification of α- and β-arbutin based on hydrophilic-interaction chromatography. Prior to analysis, interfering compounds that would frequently be present in cosmetics and drugs, particularly biopolymers, were efficiently removed by precipitation with acetonitrile. In this paper, for separation, a Cyclobond I 2000 5 µm 250 × 4.6 mm column was employed as stationary phase and acetonitrile/water 92/8 (v/v) was used as an eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1. For quantification, a UV detector operating at 284 nm was applied. Although analysis took less than 10 min, baseline separation of α- and β-arbutin was achieved. The response was highly linear (r > 0.999) and the method had, for both α- and β-arbutin, a LOD of 0.003% (w/w) and a LOQ of 0.009% (w/w). Moreover, the method showed excellent intra-day and inter-day repeatability with relative standard deviations in the range of 0.5% to 2.3% and 1.0% to 2.2%, respectively, with cosmetics, drugs and food supplements as samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenolic compounds in plants are essential components of human nutrition, which provide various health benefits. However, some missing links became the research in phenolic compounds structures and potential applications in a challenging work. Despite universal extraction methods with mixtures of different organic solvents are generally adopted in the analysis of phenolic compounds, a need for establish a specific procedure is still open. The great heterogeneity in food and food by-products matrices and the lack of standardized methods which combine chromatographic with spectrophotometric techniques to calculate the amount of phenolic compounds joined with the absence of specific standards hamper to accurate know the real amount of phenolic compounds. Indeed, the high complexity in nature and chemistry of phenolic compounds clearly difficult to establish a daily intake to obtain certain healthy outcomes. Hence, despite the potential of phenolic compounds to use them in cosmetic and healthy applications have been widely analyzed, some concerns must be considered. The chemical complexity, the interactions between phenolic compounds and other food components and the structural changes induced by food processing joined with the lack in the understanding of phenolic compounds metabolism and bioavailability undergo the need to conduct a comprehensive review of each factors influencing the final activity of phenolic compounds. This paper summarizes the potential of phenolic compounds for disease prevention and cosmetics production, as well as their many other uses derived from their antioxidant activity. This paper illustrates the potential of phenolic compounds for disease prevention and cosmetics production, as well as their many other uses derived from their antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A graphene-based solid phase extraction (SPE) technique was developed for the extraction of parabens (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben) in cosmetic samples, followed by determination by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The SPE extraction parameters such as eluent reagent and eluent volume, washing solution, sample pH, and flow-rate of sample loading, were investigated for satisfied recoveries. The running buffer, consisting of 25 mM borate solution (pH 10.0), was used for the separation of four parabens with the CE method within 10 min. The limits of detection were 0.14 mg/L, 0.13 mg/L, 0.15 mg/L, and 0.10 mg/L for methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben, respectively, and the mean recoveries obtained were between 62.6% and 100.4%. The developed method was used for the determination of parabens in real cosmetic products. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Squalene, [oxidized form squalane] is a terpenoid with biological activity that produced by animals and plants. In the human body, a significant excretion named as sebum includes squalene in 12 percent. This bioactive compound shows anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, moisturizing and antioxidant effects on the human body. In addition to having these properties, it is known that squalene production decreases as less sebum is produced with age. Because of that, the need for supplementation of squalene through products has arisen. As a result, squalene production has been drawn attention due to its many application possibilities by cosmetic, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical fields. At this point, approximately 3,000 of sharks, the major and the most popular source of squalene must be killed to obtain 1 ton of squalene. These animals are on the verge of extinction. This situation has caused to focus on finding microalgae strains, which are sustainable producers of squalene as alternative to sharks. This review paper summarizes the recent progresses in the topic of squalene. For this purpose, it contains information on squalene producers, microalgal squalene production and cosmetic evaluation of squalene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin ageing is predominantly caused by either intrinsic or extrinsic factors, leading to undesirable skin features. Advancements in both molecular and cellular fields have created possibilities in developing novel stem cell‐derived active ingredients for cosmeceutical applications and the beauty industry. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)‐derived secretomes or conditioned media hold great promise for advancing skin repair and regeneration due to the presence of varying cytokines. These cytokines signal our cells and trigger biological mechanisms associated with anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐ageing, proliferative and immunomodulatory effects. In this review, we discuss the potential of MSC secretomes as novel biomaterials for skincare and rejuvenation by illustrating their mechanism of action related to wound healing, anti‐ageing and whitening properties. The advantages and disadvantages of secretomes are compared with both plant‐based and animal‐derived extracts. In addition, this paper reviews the current safety standards, regulations, market products and research work related to the cosmeceutical applications of secretomes along with strategies to maintain and improve the therapeutic efficacy and production of secretomes. The future outlook of beauty industry is also presented. Lastly, we highlight significant challenges to be addressed for the clinical realization of MSC secretomes‐based skin therapies as well as providing perspectives for the future direction of secretomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baby wipes and wet toilet paper are specific hygiene care daily products used on newborn and children skin. These products may contain complexes mixtures of harmful chemicals. A method based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of sixty-five chemical compounds (fragrance allergens, preservatives, musks, and phthalates) in wipes and wet toilet paper for children. These compounds are legislated in Europe according Regulation EC No 1223/2009, being twelve of them banned for their use in cosmetics, and one of them, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), is banned in products intended for children under 3 years. Also, propyl-, and butylparaben will be prohibited in leave-on cosmetic products designed for application on the nappy area of children under 3 years from April 2015. PLE is a fast, simple, easily automated technique, which permits to integrate a clean-up step during the extraction process reducing analysis time and stages. The proposed PLE-based procedure was optimized on real non-spiked baby wipe samples by means of experimental design to study the influence on extraction of parameters such as extraction solvent, temperature, extraction time, and sorbent type. Under the selected conditions, the method was validated showing satisfactory linearity, and intra-day, and inter-day precision. Recoveries were between 80–115% for most of the compounds with relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 15%. Finally, twenty real samples were analyzed. Thirty-six of the target analytes were detected, highlighting the presence of phenoxyethanol in all analyzed samples at high concentration levels (up to 0.8%, 800 μg g −1 ). Methyl paraben (MeP), and ethyl paraben (EtP) were found in 40-50% of the samples, and the recently banned isobutyl paraben (iBuP) and isopropyl paraben (iPrP), were detected in one and seven samples, respectively, at concentrations between 0.093 and 247 μg g −1 . In the case of phthalates, the forbidden phthalates dibutyl phtalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) were also found in thirteen samples at low levels. All the samples contained fragrance allergens in many cases at high levels (up to 2400 μg g −1 ) and three musks were detected in the samples. Excluding the banned compounds, all samples complied with the concentration limits established by the European Regulation although 25% of them did not fulfill the labeling requirements for fragrance allergens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core-shell structures exhibit a number of distinct absorptive properties that make them attractive tools for use in a range of industrial contexts including pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, cosmetics, and food/agriculture. Several recent studies have focused on the development and fabrication of zein-based core-shell structures for a range of functional material deliveries. However, no recent review article has evaluated the fabrication of such core-shell structures for food-based applications. In this paper, we therefore survey current approaches to fabricating different zein-based platforms including particles, fibers, films, and hydrogels that have appeared in a variety of functionally relevant applications. In addition, we highlight certain challenges and future research directions in this field, thereby providing a novel perspective on zein-based core-shell structures. • The methods employed in zein-based core-shell structure synthesis and fabrication • Applications of zein-based core-shell from established to future development • Benefits and challenges for zein-based core-shell microstructures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]