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The article provides part 10 of a chronicle on the first Australian chemists and explores the preparation of picric acid from Xanthorrhoea resin, a natural product that became known as Botany Bay resin, that was published in a paper by Charles Ligar in 1866. Clinical studies on the resin's medicinal properties were reportedly made and later published in a monograph in 1795. The article notes that its treatment with nitric acid produced yellow crystals that later became known as picric acid.

Abstract: Unsealed roads and tracks are potentially significant sources of diffuse pollutants, particularly sediment. This paper describes the application and development of a road erosion and sediment transport model in the Moruya-Deua and Tuross River catchments of southeast Australia. An empirical model based on the Washington Road Surface Erosion Model (WARSEM) is applied using typically widely available spatial data sets and field-collected data. The results suggest that approximately 21kt and 35kt of sediment respectively are produced annually from road erosion in the Moruya-Deua and Tuross River catchments, but that less than 10% of the sediment is delivered to streams. Surprisingly, about half of the delivered sediment is derived from only 4% of the total road network. Testing of the model shows that the model outputs are likely to overestimate road erosion rates. To address this problem, catchment-specific testing of the factors of the model and improving knowledge of the processes of road to stream sediment transport are required. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This section provides information on articles written by the staff of the Centre for Independent Studies (CIS) regarding the New Zealand Policy Unit. Luke Malpass argues in his paper that paid work together with family and communities are the most important factors in providing real, substantive social inclusion. An event called Flight of the Kiwi: What Would It Take to Get You Home? will be hosted by the CIS in Sydney, Australia.