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The article provides part 10 of a chronicle on the first Australian chemists and explores the preparation of picric acid from Xanthorrhoea resin, a natural product that became known as Botany Bay resin, that was published in a paper by Charles Ligar in 1866. Clinical studies on the resin's medicinal properties were reportedly made and later published in a monograph in 1795. The article notes that its treatment with nitric acid produced yellow crystals that later became known as picric acid.

Often, information on spatial water use efficiencies in a whole-of-the-catchment context does not exist or does not teed into the water policy process to guide investments. Significant gains in water use efficiency are achievable but the water savings are often assumed rather than identified systematically. This paper used a whole-of-the-catchment water accounting framework to identify the main pathways to enhance water use efficiency, taking the Murrumbidgee catchment in the Murray--Darling Basin in Australia as an example. The results show that large amounts of water remain unaccounted for in the river system account; the true water losses occur in the nearfarm and onfarm zones, most of which can be saved cost effectively. The catchment water accounting procedure thus offers a useful framework for bringing unaccounted/lost water flows into human and environmental uses, for enhancing water use efficiency, lot targeting investments to the water system components with the largest potential gains in efficiency, and for garnering private sector investments to realize true water savings. The pro-investment technical and institutional, as well as governance and policy, interventions to revamp private sector participation in water infrastructure are articulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Unsealed roads and tracks are potentially significant sources of diffuse pollutants, particularly sediment. This paper describes the application and development of a road erosion and sediment transport model in the Moruya-Deua and Tuross River catchments of southeast Australia. An empirical model based on the Washington Road Surface Erosion Model (WARSEM) is applied using typically widely available spatial data sets and field-collected data. The results suggest that approximately 21kt and 35kt of sediment respectively are produced annually from road erosion in the Moruya-Deua and Tuross River catchments, but that less than 10% of the sediment is delivered to streams. Surprisingly, about half of the delivered sediment is derived from only 4% of the total road network. Testing of the model shows that the model outputs are likely to overestimate road erosion rates. To address this problem, catchment-specific testing of the factors of the model and improving knowledge of the processes of road to stream sediment transport are required. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The pandemic-driven surge in people looking to buy puppies got underway when lockdown became a reality in early 2020 - and it has yet to let up. "What we're seeing is scammers posting fake classified ads on websites, in the paper or on social media platforms and asking for thousands of dollars for a non-existent puppy", says spokesperson Andrew Gavrielatos. [Extracted from the article]

The public outcry with the outcome of R v Carroll' has induced the revision of the double jeopardy rule in NSW and Queensland. In particular, NSW has put forward the Criminal Appeal Amendment (Double Jeopardy) Bill 2003 (NSW) and Queensland has a discussion paper that was drafted by the Model Criminal Code Officers' Committee. The construction of these two documents is similar, but neither of them addresses the public's dissatisfaction because they would not remedy the Carroll case, nor cases where there are advances in DNA technology after a person is acquitted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a study which shows that pulling apart sticky tape generates radiation in the terahertz frequencies, which could one day be used as a cheaper alternative to lasers for medical imaging. According to Joseph Horvat and Roger Lewis of the University of Wollongong in New South Wales, strongly adhesive Scotch Magic 810 tape and weakly adhesive electrical tape both yielded strong terahertz signals, ranging from 0.1 to 10 terahertz, but only about a microwatt of power, too little for practical use.

The article discusses the condition of waste management in New South Wales (NSW) from 2000 to 2011. It discusses the volume of wastes that a person throws away in a year, which include 50 kilograms of glass, 70 kilograms of paper and cardboard and 290 kilograms of food and garden wastes. It adds that every minute, 15,000 bottles and cans are littered or thrown into landfills.

Reports on the conference papers delivered by members of the University of Wollongong's Accounting Department. Reflection of social theorist Michel Foucault's name in the papers.

The article reports on the new discovery by the researchers at the University of Wollongong in New South Wales regarding adhesive tapes. It states that they found out that stripping an adhesive tape emits unpolarized terahertz radiation. It notes that the emission is a transfer of electric charge of ions between two materials.

This section provides information on articles written by the staff of the Centre for Independent Studies (CIS) regarding the New Zealand Policy Unit. Luke Malpass argues in his paper that paid work together with family and communities are the most important factors in providing real, substantive social inclusion. An event called Flight of the Kiwi: What Would It Take to Get You Home? will be hosted by the CIS in Sydney, Australia.

Reports that a court in New South Wales has awarded damages to Wayne Miller who was infected with HIV when he was pricked by a needle in a toilet paper dispenser at work. Total compensation; Dangers of needlesticks.

Features the Animal Rights and Rescue Group (ARRG), a non-kill organization rescuing abandoned dogs and cats in New South Wales. Contribution of Barbara Steffenson to the organization; Area covered by the ARRG; Funding of the ARRG; Promotions of the ARRG through paper advertisement; Need of supporters for the survival of ARRG.

Features the Verona complex located in Sydney, New South Wales, a former 1940s paper factory that was converted by architect Tonkin Zulaikha into a cinema, retail, residential and yoga center.