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An essay is presented on the subject of print materials and paper, with information on the increasing use of digital and electronic paper and publications as of 2013. Topics include the history of paper as a medium for communication; the social aspects of print materials and paper; and the multiple uses for paper.

This paper studies the shrinkage estimation for the difference between location parameters of exponential distributions when it is suspected but uncertain whether the two parameters are equal. A pre-test estimator and a shrinkage estimator after pre-test are proposed. Both the suboptimal levels of significance for the pre-test estimator in a special case and suboptimal values of shrinkage coefficients for the shrinkage estimator are obtained based on a regret function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses about electronic paper. The story of electronic paper (e-paper), so far, has proved to be what could be termed techno-hyperenthusiasm. Electronically rewritable paper requires two basic components. A substrate and something electrically controllable that can serve as the ink. If the epaper material has good enough image retention, it can be written by a device analogous to a printer, and then taken out and used just like a normal sheet of paper.

The article discusses the merits of engraved writing paper. The author compares the way engraved paper is made at the Crane company with Pineider. Article topics include the contrast between the quality of paper manufactured by the two companies, the technology used at Crane to create the lettering for its dyes, and background information on both Crane and Pineider.

Presents an answer to a question regarding why 8.5 by 11 inches is the standard size for paper.

The article reports that Northwestern University scientist Bartosz Grzybowski claims to have invented a kind of paper that is able to erase things that are written on it. The paper erases written messages by exposure to light, and can be reused without losing its abilities. He created this paper using nanotechnology.

The article refers to the idea of a paperless office as an illusory chimera and focuses on a tablet-based writing system from Logitech Inc. that is digital and also uses paper. The io2 Digital Writing System has a USB-connected pen stand that can send electronic mail or drawings and features Anoto paper technology.

This article discusses the developments in electronic paper as of August 2005. Between 1995 to 2000, it was predicted that technology would put an end to paper usage. Though technology has advanced in many ways, people still preferred to read off paper than in computer screens. Various companies have developed paper alternatives, though not always met with success. Though handheld computers continue to shrink and their screens become paper-like, it is remains to be seen whether it will replace paper or work alongside it. INSET: Publish and don't be damned.

This article discusses the issues surrounding paper recycling as of August 2005. While recycling has grown since the 1990s, the issue of virgin fibre sourcing remains controversial. Forests, the natural source of raw material, face problems as paper companies continue to cut down trees in their quest for making as much money as possible. Despite the numerous problems, much of the industry is at least attempting to respond to its environmental challenges. Arguably, only increased global cooperation can take the industry closer to true sustainability. INSET: Recycling.

This article discusses the history of paper. Paper originated in China in 105 A.D., though in 3500 B.C., Egyptians used a similar material called papyrus. Prior to the industrial revolution, paper was made by hand, but this was soon transformed from a labor intensive process into a mechanized industry ready for global mass production. As of 2005, the paper industry continues to grow, with industrialized nations accounting for about 87 percent of the world's paper output. It is said that paper is set to grow at a rate of 2.4 percent every year. INSET: Making paper.

The article reports that industrialized countries consume almost 90 percent of the printing and writing papers in the world.

This article reports that researchers at Xerox have developed a way to add fluorescent words and images to documents like checks, coupons and transcripts using standard printers. The technique makes it possible to create everyday documents that have telltale marks visible only under ultraviolet light. Bright white paper is often fluorescent to begin with; the new process exploits that fact by printing the same shades of color in different ways, leaving more or less paper exposed. The necessary software will be incorporated into high-end commercial printers.

The article presents questions and answers related to saving and replacing paper. One reader asks for suggestions to get off catalog mailing lists. The answer to this question is that if some one is in the mailing list of a company then he or she should contact it directly as junk mail is a waste of time and trees. Another reader asks that why hemp has not replaced trees for use in paper.