*POETRY (Literary form), *LITERARY criticism, *LONDON (England) in literature, *IRONY in literature, *MASCULINITY in literature
Abstract
This paper reflects on the role of London as male Beloved in Whitney's 'Last Wyll and Testament'. Such a characterization of the city, the paper argues, has two consequences. First, it complicates and provides an important challenge to the ubiquitous personification of London as female in early modern England. Second, this dynamic between female speaker and male Beloved encourages a reconsideration of Whitney's agency in the poem - often celebrated as forceful - as more consciously ironic (although, ultimately, all the more compelling and effective because of it). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The article offers criticism on several verse epistles by Geoffrey Chaucer, including "Wordes Unto Adam," "Lenvoy a Scogan," and "Lenvoy a Bukton." The author looks at themes of irony, redemption, and love in the short poems. The article also discusses the depiction of marriage and courtly love in the poems.
The article offers criticism on the poem "On Poetry: A Rapsody" by Anglo-Irish satirist and author Jonathan Swift. The author looks at various elements that appear in the poem, including literary entrapment and satiric irony. The article also discusses the details on the conflict between the art of poetry and the vocation of poetry.
*OLD English poetry, *IRONY in literature, *ETHICS in literature, *ELEGIAC poetry
Abstract
The article discusses the anonymous Old English elegy "The Ruin," with particular focus given to its treatment of morality and irony. The poem's Christian perspective is commented on, and the observation that the author views the poem's subject with interest but without emotion, unusually for an elegy, is also offered.
Published
1978
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